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Outline: - Principal Stresses - Mohr's Circle in 3D - Strain Tensor - Principal Strains

The document discusses stresses and strains in three dimensions. It introduces the stress tensor, principal stresses, and Mohr's circle for representing stresses in 3D. It also covers linear strains, shear strains, the strain tensor, and using Mohr's circle to determine principal strains.

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DrMohamed Mansour
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86 views14 pages

Outline: - Principal Stresses - Mohr's Circle in 3D - Strain Tensor - Principal Strains

The document discusses stresses and strains in three dimensions. It introduces the stress tensor, principal stresses, and Mohr's circle for representing stresses in 3D. It also covers linear strains, shear strains, the strain tensor, and using Mohr's circle to determine principal strains.

Uploaded by

DrMohamed Mansour
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Outline

• Principal stresses
• Mohr’s circle in 3D
• Strain tensor
• Principal strains

Prof. Ramesh Singh


Principal Stresses in 3D
• 3-D Stresses can be represented by in usual
notation
σ x τ xy τ xz 
 
τ
 xy σ y τ yz 
τ xz τ yz σ z 
 
We will use a concept from continuum mechanics
) r Traction vector
σ ⋅n = T Force/area

Stress Tensor
Unit normal vector

Prof. Ramesh Singh


Principal Stresses

Prof. Ramesh Singh


Principal Stresses in 3D
nˆ = liˆ + mˆj + nkˆ
σ x τ xy τ xz   l  T x 
    
τ xy σ y τ yz  m = T y 
τ xz τ yz σ z   n  T z 

σ x τ xy τ xz   l   l  σ 0 0   l 
        
τ xy σ y τ yz  m = σ m =  0 σ 0  m
τ xz τ yz σ z   n   n   0 0 σ   n 

Prof. Ramesh Singh
Principal Stresses in 3D
σ x − σ τ xy τ xz   l  0
    
 τ xy σ y −σ τ yz  m = 0
 τ xz τ yz σ z − σ   n  0

σ x −σ τ xy τ xz
τ xy σ y −σ τ yz = 0
τ xz τ yz σ z −σ

Prof. Ramesh Singh


3D Stress – Principal Stresses
The three principal stresses are obtained as the
three real roots of the following equation:

σ 3 − I1σ 2 + I 2σ − I 3 = 0
where

I1 = σ x + σ y + σ z
I 2 = σ xσ y + σ xσ z + σ yσ z − τ xy2 − τ xz2 − τ yz2
I 3 = σ xσ yσ z + 2τ xyτ xzτ yz − σ τ − σ τ − σ τ
2
x yz
2
y xz
2
z xy

I1, I2, and I3 are known as stress invariants as


they do not change in value when the axes are
rotated to new positions.
Prof. Ramesh Singh
Principal Stress
 0 − 240 0 
− 240 200 0 
 
 0 0 − 280

In[3]:= Det@880 − σ, − 240, 0<, 8− 240, 200 − σ, 0<, 80, 0, −280 − σ<<D
Out[3]= 16 128 000 + 113 600 σ − 80 σ2 − σ3

In[2]:= Solve@ Det@880 − σ, − 240, 0<, 8− 240, 200 − σ, 0<, 80, 0, −280 − σ<<D 0,
σD

Out[2]= 88σ → −280<, 8σ → − 160<, 8σ → 360<<

In[1]:= Eigenvalues@880, −240, 0<, 8−240, 200, 0<, 80, 0, − 280<<D


Out[1]= 8360, −280, −160<

Prof. Ramesh Singh


Principal Stresses in 3-D

Prof. Ramesh Singh


Linear Strains
∆u

∆x

Linear strain formulation:


∆u
εx =
∆x
Taking limits it can be represented as,
∂u ∂v ∂w
εx = ;ε y = ;ε z =
∂x ∂y ∂z

Prof. Ramesh Singh


Shear Strain
∆u

∆y

∆v

∆x
π
γ xy = −ψ = θ1 + θ 2
2
∆v
tan θ1 ≈ θ1 ≈
∆x
∆u
tan θ 2 ≈ θ 2 ≈
∆y
1
ε xy = γ xy =
1
(θ1 + θ 2 ) = 1  ∆u + ∆v  = 1  ∂u ∂v 
 + 
2 2 2  ∆y ∆x  2  ∂y ∂x 
Prof. Ramesh Singh
Strain Tensor

 ∂u 1  ∂u ∂v  1  ∂u ∂w 
  +   + 
∂x 2  ∂y ∂x  2  ∂z ∂x 
εx ε xy ε xz  
   1  ∂u ∂v  ∂v 1  ∂v ∂w  
ε i, j = ε xy εy ε yz  =   +   +  
 2  ∂y ∂x  ∂y 2  ∂z ∂y  
ε xz ε yz ε z 
  1  ∂u ∂w  1  ∂u ∂w  ∂w 
 2  ∂z + ∂x   + 
2  ∂z ∂x  ∂z 
 

Prof. Ramesh Singh


Strain Transformation

1
ε xy = γ xy
2

www.efunda.com

Prof. Ramesh Singh


Mohr’s Circle for Strain

1
ε xy = γ xy
2
Prof. Ramesh Singh
Principal Strains

where,
1
ε xy = γ xy
2

Prof. Ramesh Singh

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