MIS Quiz 1

Name：Uzair Arbab
Roll No：1803003
Quiz NO：1
Submitted to：Dr. M Ishfaq Khan
Question No 1: What do you understand from MIS? You are required
to to explain dimension and Functions of information system in
business environment?
Answer:
An Information System is a system that gathers data and disseminates information

with the sole purpose of providing information to its users. The main object of an
information system is to provide information to its users. Information systems vary
according to the type of users who use the system.
A Management Information System is an information system that evaluates, analyzes,

and processes an organization's data to produce meaningful and useful information
based on which the management can take right decisions to ensure future growth of
the organization.
An information system contains information about an organization and its

surrounding environment.Three basic activities—input, processing, and output—
produce the information organizations need. Feedback is output returned to
appropriate people or activities in the organization to evaluate and refine the input.
Environmental actors, such as customers, suppliers, competitors, stockholders, and
regulatory agencies, interact with the organization and its information systems.
Information systems contain information about significant people, places, and things
within the organization or in the environment surrounding it. Data is a raw and
unorganized fact that is required to be processed to make it meaningful whereas
Information is a set of data that is processed in a meaningful way according to the
given requirement. Data does not have any specific purpose whereas Information
carries a meaning that has been assigned by interpreting data. Data alone has no
significance while Information is significant by itself. Data never depends on
Information while Information is dependent on Data.
Three activities in an information system produce the information that organizations

need to make decisions, control operations, analyze problems, and create new
products or services. These activities are input, processing, and output. Input is a
piece of data which is embed in the system by the user for some use. There are
various types of input devices are: keyboard, scanner, microphone, mouse and so on.
Whatever we input in the system has some purpose until it processed and generate in
another format, is not meaningful. Processing is used after input phase and take place
in the internal pat of the system. Main purpose it serve is to take inputted data and
convert it into something usable. What we see in today’s computer world is what we
see is what we get which is a result of input data that user feed to the system and
processed by some program and turn that data into usable output. Output is the third
and second last phase in which usable output user get on the computer screen after
feeding input to the computer. For user this is the second phase but according to the
system this is third because processing phase which is the internal part not seen by the
user of the system. Output comes in different forms like: monitor and printer for the
visual work, and a speaker for the audio. Some output are for the short term like
printing a photo but some of them needs to keep record that’s where feedback or
storage comes in existence.Feedback is used to save data for some time. There may be
many reasons to save data: for future reference, to prevent loss of data, but it is vital.
There are several mediums to keep you data save like hard disk, a USB or a CD.
There are three main dimensions of information system.
1)Organizational Dimension: In organizational dimensions, management understands

what is embodied in its information system relating organizational stuff like; culture,
norms and values, core tasks of organization,hierarchy of organization etc…
Management should understand that all decisions that we made depend on the
information which is provided by information systems. Organizational dimensions of
any organization are easy to understand for manager because it is his line and he is
better aware of the culture and norms of his organization.
2) Management Dimension: In management dimension of information systems,

information systems assist manager to allocate resources, hire staff, motivate staff,
realize risky areas and allocate experienced staff of such risky areas. Information
system assists manager to see different designs of products and to make new products.
Manager use different techniques from information system to reduce the cost of its
product like; target costing technique Organization produces its reports, financial
statements and forecasts by the help of information systems.
3)Technological Dimension: Technology dimension of an information system

includes; hardware and software. Management uses technology dimension to store its
data in a safe custody. Through this dimension,management communicates
throughout the world via internet and networking. They must be aware of this stuff
with a knowledge of business because this is an era of technology and even if you are
not in this line, but you must possess know-how of information technology.
Question No 2: What do you understand by concept of simple business

process and cross functional business process? Give example using
diagram.
Answer:
"Functions" are generally what define the organization chart. Accounting. Facilities.
R&D. Manufacturing. Marketing. Sales. Usually a cross-functional team or process
means a number these groups must work together to support, facility or operate part
of the corporate value chain and thus "needing to work together". For example,
marketing working accounting and R&D to resolve a product issue in the value chain,
would be a cross-functional activity. Typically a "team" is a project team assembled
for a short-term issue. A process is an ongoing collaboration between functions.
Because of the inherent tendency of functional groups in a hierarchy to "silo
themselves" and live in their own worlds, operating "cross functionally" is difficult
for pretty much all businesses. This is why it's so often necessary to create "cross-
functional teams" to deal with real world business problems (i.e. stuff that makes
money which is always the value chain). Keeping such a team together over the long
term is often challenging. Thus if you can create an inanimate process to
either perform the function they once performance as a special instance or to trigger
the assembly of a new team if required, you'll usually do that instead.
Functional groups seem stupid in this context because they are often "the problem"
with most organizations - why are they separate in the first place if their cooperation
and collaboration is so critical. However, each function typically involves a
concentration of skills, focus, talent and personality types which would always work
poorly with other different groups.Also the hierarchy is the "official" means to
delegate resource allocation from the board of directors down to executive and then
down to managers and line employees: the need to intelligently manage that
delegation of the most precision company powers trumps the value chain for survival
reasons. Occasionally different organization structures are used to address this. For
example the "matrix organization" is one common alternative to the hierarchy.
Unfortunately it requires a fairly high skill and social quotient level to work well but
in some cases a matrix is a good fit to deal with cross-functional gaps.
We can differentiate the two by the example. In simple business process, each
department works independently, and no collaboration in both departments is needed.
Manufacturing and production team is only concerned with assembling the product
checking for quality, producing bills of materials. Sales and marketing team only
involves in identifying customers,making customers aware of the product,Selling the
product. Similarly, other functional areas are also doing the independent functions
Cross functional business processes are mandatory for process excellence. Cross
functional business processes are different functional areas of an organization
working to complete the same piece of work, goal or aim. For example the
order fulfillment process, shown below.
The
Sales
Department generate & submit the order. It is then passed onto the Accounting
Department to check the credit of the customer, who after approval generates the
invoice to the customer. After credit approval the Manufacturing & Production
Department know to assemble the product and ship to the customer.
This is a clear example of how a firm uses cross- functional business processes to
improve efficiency and work in synchronization to get the order out.All the functional
areas link together and use the 4 major types of information systems- Transaction
Processing Systems (TPS), Knowledge Work Systems (KWS), Decision Support
Systems (DDS) and Executive Support Systems. For example the Sales and
Marketing Department may use the executive support system to forecast a 5 year sales
trend, while Finance may use it to forecast a 5 year budgeting plan. Sales and
Marketing may then also use the transaction processing systems to track orders.

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Name：Uzair Arbab

An Information System is a system that gathers data and disseminates information

A Management Information System is an information system that evaluates, analyzes,

An information system contains information about an organization and its

Three activities in an information system produce the information that organizations

There are three main dimensions of information system.

1)Organizational Dimension: In organizational dimensions, management understands

2) Management Dimension: In management dimension of information systems,

3)Technological Dimension: Technology dimension of an information system

Question No 2: What do you understand by concept of simple business

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