Al-Balqa Applied University- Computer Science Department.

Followed Computer Skills Course-Chapter 2

Chapter Two

Operating Systems and File

Management
Prepared by: Eng. Heba Al-Hiary.

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Followed Computer Skills Course-Chapter 2

1. Introduction system
software
As you learned back in Chapter 1, the software and operating system make your
hardware work. The operating system for most personal computers is Microsoft
Windows, and you need to know how to use Windows to use your PC. Windows pretty
much runs your computer for you; if you don’t know your way around Windows, you
won’t be able to do much of anything on your new PC .

2. Introducing Windows
OS 1
Windows is a type of software called an operating system. An operating system does
2
what its name implies—operates your computer system, working in the background
every time you turn on your PC. 3

Equally important, Windows is what you see when you first turn on your computer,
1
after everything turns on and boots up. The “desktop” that fills your screen is part of
2
Windows, as are the taskbar at the bottom of the screen and the big menu that pops up
when you click the Start button.
3
Windows 10 is a recent version of the operating system from Microsoft. Officially it was
released in 2015 and was initially offered free of charge to legitimate users of Windows 7
and Windows 8.1. This new version combines features from those two previous
installments to suit the users in a better way for both desktop/laptop computers as well
as mobile devices.

The most notable change in Windows 10 is that Microsoft replaced the Start screen tiles
from Windows 8, and brought back the Start Menu. They also removed the vertical
toolbars (or “charms”) that appeared from the sides of the screen. These changes make
this Windows version easier to use for users of both desktop/laptops and mobile devices.

The Lock Screen

When you turn on a Windows 10 machine, the first thing you see is a colorful curtain
that’s been drawn over the computer’s world. It’s the Lock screen see fig 2-1.

The Lock screen serves the same purpose it does on a phone: It gives a quick glance at
the time, the date, your WiFi signal strength, the weather, and (on laptops and tablets)
your battery charge.

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Lock
Figure 2-1: Windows 10 look screen

When you do want to go past the Lock screen to log in, there’s nothing to it. Almost
anything you do that says, “I’m here!” works:

 Touchscreen: Swipe a finger upward. (Swipe downward to jump into Camera

mode.)
 Mouse: Click anywhere. Or turn the mouse wheel.
 Keyboard: Press any key.
The Lock screen slides up and out of the way, revealing the Login screen.

The Login Screen

The second thing you encounter in Windows 10 is the Login screen. Here, at lower left,
you see the name and photo for each person who has an account on this machine as in
fig. 2-2. This is also where you’re supposed to log in—to prove that you’re you.
But logging in no longer has to mean typing a password.

The Desktop

The desktop is the home base of Windows. See fig. 2-3. You can, and should, make the
desktop look like whatever you want. You can change its background picture or color
scheme; you can make the text larger; you can clutter up the whole thing with icons you
use a lot.

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Figure 2-2: Windows 10 login screen.

Figure 2-3: Windows 10 desktop.

Meet the Start Menu

The Start menu is so important. It lists every useful piece of software on your computer,
including commands, programs, and files. Just about everything you do on your PC
begins—or can begin—with your Start menu. In Windows 10, as you’ve probably
noticed, the word “Start” doesn’t actually appear on the Start menu, as it did for years;
now the Start menu is just a square button in the lower-left corner of your screen,

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bearing the Windows logo ( ). The Start menu is split into two columns. For
convenience, let’s call them the left side and the right side. See fig. 2-4

Figure 2-4: Windows 10 Start Menu: The left and right sides.

Start Menu: The Left Side

The left side may look like the Start menu that’s been in Windows from the beginning.
The left side has five sections, described here from top to bottom:

1) Your name: See your account name and picture in the upper-left corner of the
Start menu.
2) Most Used: Beneath your name icon, you get a list of the programs that Windows
sees you using a lot.
3) Recently Added: The middle section of the left side shows one item: whatever
app you’ve most recently downloaded or installed
4) Important Places: In general, the bottom of the left side is devoted to listing
important places on the computer.
5) All Apps: When you click “All apps” at the bottom of the Start menu, you’re
shown an important list indeed: the master catalog of every program on your
computer

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Start Menu: The Right Side

The right side of the Start menu displaying your files, folders, and programs as big
rectangular tiles.

Online Topics: 1. To add tiles in groups, you are advised to watch: video 5- How to
add tiles in groups in Windows 10 Start menu.mp4
2. To remove the live tiles, see video 6- How to remove the Live Tiles section in
Windows 10 Start.mp4

Shutting Down

As shown in fig. 2-5, shutting down is only one of the options for finishing your work
session. Shutting down your computer requires only two steps now. Open the Start
menu. Choose Power, and then “Shut down”. When you shut down your PC, Windows
quits all open programs, offers you the opportunity to save any unsaved documents,
exits Windows, and turns off the computer.
Sleep: The instant you put the computer to sleep, Windows quietly transfers a copy of
everything in memory into an invisible file on the hard drive but it still keeps everything
alive in memory. If you do return soon, the next startup is lightning-fast. If
you don’t return shortly, then Windows eventually cuts power, abandoning what it had
memorized in RAM. Now your computer is using no power at all; it’s
in hibernate mode.
Restart: This command quits all open programs and then quits and restarts Windows
again automatically. The computer doesn’t actually turn off. You might do this to
“refresh” your computer when you notice that it’s responding sluggishly, for example.

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Figure 2-5: Shutting down your computer

Use the Search Box ‫ﻣﺆﺷﺮ اﻟﻤﺎوس‬

This thing is awesome. The instant you press the key, your insertion point blinks in
the new “Ask me anything” search box below the Start menu

3. Windows 10 File Management

When using your Windows 10 system to create information, over time, we accumulate a
lot of files that store on our hard disk. A critical part of how Windows 10 organizes this is
by using a File System that manages how files are stored and accessed on your computer.
The part you and I see when we interact with the records that we create on our
computers, such as documents, audio files, pictures, and videos is the File Manager. In the
case of Windows, it’s File Explorer. We thought you’d like to take a look at using File
Explorer in Windows 10.

Using File Explorer in Windows 10

You'll use the File Explorer to manage your files and folders. To open File Explorer,
 Click the File Explorer icon located on your Taskbar or
 Click Start> File Explorer as shown below in fig. 2-6 or
 Double-click any folder on your desktop.

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Figure 2-6: Opening Windows 10 File Explorer

‫ﺗﺘﺄﻟﻒ‬ ‫أﻗﺴﺎم‬
The initial File Explorer window is comprised of the following sections, see fig. 2-7:
‫ﻳﺸﺎﺑﻪ‬
1) The File Explorer ribbon, which resembles the ribbon featured in Microsoft
Office. The ribbon contains buttons for common tasks to perform with your files
and folders.
‫ﺟﺰء اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ‬
2) The Navigation Pane gives you access to your libraries of documents and pictures,
as well as your storage devices. It also features frequently used folders and
network devices.
3) The Frequent folders section on the right features the folders you’ve worked with
recently to allow for quick access to them.
4) The Recent files section in the lower part of the window features files and
documents that you’ve opened recently.
File Explorer ribbon

Frequent folders

Navigation Pane

Recent files section

Figure 2-7: Windows 10 File Explorer window

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Change How Files Display in Windows 10 File Explorer

You can change how your files look by using the View tab. When you activate this tab,
‫ﺗﻨﺴﯿﻖ‬
you will see various groups for changing the layout of the window, files, current view, or
hide certain things you see onscreen. Within the Layout group, click one of the available
options to change how your files display onscreen. You can also preview the layout
before confirming by hovering over one of the available options. See fig. 2-8.

Figure 2-8: File Explorer provides different ways to view your files
True or False
Organizing Files and Folders
If you have a lot of files on your Windows 10 system computer, you’ll want to organize
them. So if you need to see recent files created or older files or you need to archive
certain files elsewhere, you can easily do so. The View tab provides options for sorting
how files are displayed. Here, in fig. 2-9, I have chosen to sort my files by name.

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‫ﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪي‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎزﻟﻲ‬

Figure 2-9: Organizing files by name.

Searching for Files and Apps

To search for something on your computer—like a specific file or application—click

1 2
the Start button, then start typing. Alternatively, you can press the Windows key on the
keyboard to begin a search. In the example below, see fig. 2-10, we're searching for a
presentation file.

Offline Topics: Watch 1. Video 7- File Management.

2. Video 8- Creating, Copying, Moving, and Renaming Files and Folders.

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Figure 2-10: Searching for a presentation file.

Adjusting your settings

At some point, you may want to adjust your computer's settings. For example, you
might want to change your desktop background or modify your Internet settings. You
can change these settings and more from the Control Panel- control panel is a
component of Windows 10 that provides the ability to view and change system settings-.
However, in Windows 10, the Control Panel has mostly been replaced by the Settings
app. The Control Panel is still available, but most of the tasks and settings are now also
located in the Settings app. To open the app, click the Start menu, then select Settings,
see fig. 2-11.

Figure 2-11: Settings app.

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Understanding user accounts

A user account allows you to sign in to your computer. By default, your computer
already has one user account, which you were required to create when you set up your
computer. If you plan to share your computer with others, you can create a separate user
account for each person.

Why use separate user accounts?

At this point, you may be wondering why you would even need to use separate user
accounts. But if you're sharing a computer with multiple people—for example, with your
family or at the office—user accounts allow everyone to save their own files, preferences,
and settings without affecting other computer users. When you start your computer,
you'll be able to choose which account you want to use.

Administrator, Standard, and Managed accounts

Before you create new user accounts, it's important to understand the different types.

 Administrator: Administrator accounts are special accounts that are used for
making changes to system settings or managing other people's accounts. They
have full access to every setting on the computer. Every computer will have at
least one Administrator account, and if you're the owner you should already have
a password to this account.
 Standard: Standard accounts are the basic accounts you use for normal everyday
tasks. As a Standard user, you can do just about anything you would need to do,
such as running software or personalizing your desktop.
 Standard with Family Safety: These are the only accounts that can have parental
controls. You can create a Standard account for each child, then go to the Family
Safety settings in your Control Panel to set website restrictions, time limits, and
more.

Switching between user accounts

If you have multiple user accounts on your computer, it's easy to switch between users
without signing out or closing your current apps. Switching users will lock the current
user, so you won't need to worry about someone else accessing your account.

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To switch between user accounts:

Click the current user icon on the left side of the Start menu, then select the desired user
from the drop-down menu. The user will then need to enter a password to sign in, see
fig. 2-12.

Figure 2-12: Switching between user accounts.

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