MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

FIJI YEAR 13 CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION 2018

MATHEMATICS

Detailed Solution

COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FIJI, 2018.

 2.

TOPIC 1 LIMITS, CONTINUITY AND DIFFERENTIABILITY (5 marks)

1. Direct substitution

(a) lim cos x  cos 0

x0
=1

Method 1
x29  x3  x3 
(b) lim  lim
x3 x3 x3  x3  a 2  b 2   a  b  a  b 

x 2  3 2  x  3  x  3 
= lim  x  3 
x 3

=3+3 Substitute x = 3
= 6

Method 2

L Hopitals Rule

2
lim x 9  lim 2 x (Differentiate numerator and denominator separately)
x3 x3 x3 1
 23 Substitute x = 3
 6

2. (a) Limit does not exist at x = 3 because of ‘jump’

(b) The function is not differentiable at x = 0 and 3

It has sharp corner at x = 0 and it is discontinuous x = 3

(c) f ( 3) = 3
When x = 3, y = 3

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 3.
TOPIC 2 ALGEBRA (5 marks)
2
1. Prove that 1  3  5  ......................................  ( 2 n  1)  n

Step 1: Prove that it is true for n = 1

LHS = 2 n  1
= 2 1  1
= 1
Substitute n = 1
2
RHS = n
2
= 1
= 1

LHS = RHS

Step 2: Assume that it is true for n = k

2 Write the full statement.
1  3  5  ......................................  ( 2 k  1)  k

Step 3: Prove that it is true for n = k + 1

135 ......................................( 2 k 1)  2  k 1 1   k 1 2

LHS  k 2 2  k 11

 k 2 2 k 1

 k 1 2  RHS
Alternative Method : Expand RHS

135 ......................................( 2 k 1)2  k 11 k 1 2

2
LHSk 2  k 1 1
2
k 2 k 1

RHS   k 1 2
  k 1 k 1

 k 2  2 k 1

Step 4: Conclusion
We conclude that the formula is valid for all positive integers n

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.
 4.

TOPIC 2 (continued)

1 8
2. (x  )
x
n
The (r +1)th term of ( xa ) which is the
 n  n r
T   x  yr n
r 1  r  general term is given by Tr 1    x n  r a r
r

 8  8 r
T   x  yr
r 1  r 

8 r
T    x 8r   1 
r 1  r   x

8–r–r=0

8–2r=0

r=4

 8  8  4  1 4 8
T   x    or  
4 1  4  x  4

Constant term = 70

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 5.

TOPIC 3 FUNCTIONS (14½ marks)

2
1. f ( x)  x and g ( x )  x4

(a)
f o g ( x )  f ( g ( x ))

  x 4  2
x 4

(b)
Domain of f o g ( x )  x  4 or { x : x  4 , x R} . This is the domain of g(x)

10 x  12 A xB
2.  
2
( x  3)( x  9) x2 9
x3
Method 1: Substitution Method 2: Equating Coefficients
2
10 x12  A( x 9) xB  ( x3) 10 x  12 A( x 2  9)   x  B  ( x  3 )

( x3)( x 2 9)  x3 ( x 2 9) ( x  3)( x 2  9)  x  3 ( x 2  9)

 9)   x  B  ( x  3 )
2
10 x  12  A( x 2  9)   x  B ( x  3) 10 x  12  A( x

10 x  12  Ax 2  9 A  x 2  3 x  Bx  3 B
Let x =  3
10  3  12  A(  - 3   9 )  0
2
A  1  0 Coefficient of x2
 18  18 A
A  1
A  1
B  3  10 Coefficient of x
Choose x = 0 or any other value
12  9 A B  ( 3 ) B7
12  9 A3 B
12   913 B
Or 9A + 3B = 12 Constant term
12  93 B
9  1 + 3B =12
3 B  21 3B=21
B=7
B7

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 6.

TOPIC 3 (continued)

3. y  ( x 1)( x  1) 3 ( x  3) 2

x- intercepts = (1 , 0) ,

(  1, 0) and

(3, 0)

y-intercept =(0 ,  9)

For a factor  x  a  n , if n is odd (except n = 1)

Inflection point at (  1, 0)
then there is an inflection at x = a and if n is
Turning point at (3, 0) even there is a turning point at x = a.

x
-1 0 1 3

-9

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 7.

TOPIC 3 (continued)

 x  1 x  4 
4. (a) f ( x) 
( x  2)( x  2)

 0  1 0  4 
x-int  let y = 0 :  x  1 x  4  = 0 y-int  let x = 0: f ( x ) 
(0  2)(0  2)

x- intercept = (  1, 0) and (  4, 0) y-intercept = (0,  1)

(b)
Vertical Asymptote let denominator = 0 Horizontal Asymptote

x2  0 or x2 =1
Consider the ratio of ythe coefficients
of the variable with the highest
x2  0 or x  2 x2
power: y = 2  y  1
x

(c)
y

x
4 2 1 2

1

(3½ marks)

14½

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 8.
TOPIC 4 SEQUENCE AND SERIES (7½ marks)
24
1. (a) a2  a2  3 Substitute n =2
2

(b) a n1  a n  0

n 1 4
a n1  Substitute n + 1
n 1
n5

n 1
n5  n40
n1 n
n  n5    n4  n1
0
n  n1

n 2 5 n  ( n 2 5 n4 )
0
n  n1

n 2 5 n  n 2 5 n  4
0
n  n1
4
0
n  n1

n4
(c) lim a n  lim
n n n
n 4

= lim n n
n n Division by a very large number gives a very
n small result.
1
lim 0
1
4 xx
= lim n
n 1
1
= 1

= 1 0

=1

Method 2: L^Hopital’s Rule/Cover up rule

n 4 1
lim = lim
n n x 1
= 1

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 9.

2. Two formulae which will be used are

n 2 n ( n1)(2 n1) n n ( n1)

1. r  2. r
r 1 6 2
r 1

120 120 120

 (r  r )
2
 r 2
 r
r 1 r 1 r 1

120 1201 21201 120 1201 Substitute in the formulae

  shown above
6 2

 583220  7260

120
 (r 2 r )  590 480
r 1

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 10.
TOPIC 5 TRIGONOMETRY (9½ marks)

1. (a) y  6 sin θ  8 cos θ

2 2
r= 6 8

r = 10

6 sin θ  8 cos θ = r Cos ( θ  ) cos( A  B)  cos A cos B  sin A sin B

6 sin θ  8 cos θ = 10 [ Cos θ .Cos + sin θ .Sin ]

6 sin θ  8 cos θ = 10 Cos θ .Cos + 10 sin θ . sin

6sinθ = 10 sin θ .sin 8cosθ = 10 Cos . Cos θ

6 = 10 Sin 8= 10 Cos or tan 6

=
8

6 8
= Sin = Cos
10 10

  Cos 1  8  or Sin 1  6  or tan 1  6 

 10   10  8
  36.87

36.87

6 sin θ  8 cos θ  10 cos( θ  36.87 )

(b) cos x has minimum value at x = 180

θ  36.87  180
θ  216.87
coordinates of minimum point = ( 216.87 ,  10 )

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 11.

TOPIC 5 (continued)
2.

cos( θ  2 θ)  cos θ cos 2θ  sin θ sin 2θ

 sin 2A  2sin A cos A

 cos θ(2cos 2 θ  1)  sin θ ( 2 sin θ cos θ)

 cos 2A  2cos 2 A  1
3 2
 2cos θ  cos θ  2sin θ cos θ

3 2
 2cos θ  cos θ  2(1 cos θ) cos θ

 2cos 3 θ  cos θ  2cos θ 2cos 3 θ

3
 4cos θ  3cos θ

3.
cos 2 θ  3  cosθ   3
4 4

cosθ  3
4

1  3 
θ  cos  
 4
θ  30

Cosine is positive in quadrants I and IV and negative in quadrants II and III

θ= 30 , 150 , 210 , 330

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 12.
TOPIC 6 COMPLEX NUMBERS (14½ marks)
1.
100  1100
1  i
 100 1

 100  i
100 =10i

(1 mark)

2.

u = 3( cos 90  i sin 90 ) and v = 5( cos 180  i sin 180 )

uv = 35 [ cos ( 90180 )  i sin ( 90180 )]

3 3
uv = 15 [ cos 270  i sin 270 ] or 15 [ cos π i sin π ] or 15 cis 270 or  15 i
2 2

3.
13  13  3 2 i
Multiplying by conjugate
32 i 32 i 3 2 i
13  3  2 i 

 3  2 i  3  2 i 
13 ( 3 2 i) a 2  b 2  a  b  a  b 

2
3 2   2i 
13 ( 3 2 i)

9 4i 2
13 ( 3 2 i) i2 = 1

9  41
13 ( 3  2 i)

13
 3 2 i

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 13.
TOPIC 6 (continued)

4. (a) w  8  8i
8
tan   Argument = angle from the positive x-axis
8

1
  tan (1)

Arg(w)= 45 or
4

(b) w  8  8i

2 2
r 8  8 Modulus- distance from the origin

w=4

(c)
  
polar form = 4 cis 45 or 4 (cos 45  i sin 45 ) or 4 cis or 4 (cos  i sin )
4 4 4

(d)
6
w   4 (cos 45  i sin 45 ) 6
De Moivre’s Theorem:
(r cis (θ))n = r n cis (n θ)
6
 4 [cos( 6  45 )  i sin( 6  45 )]

6
w = 4096 (cos 270  i sin 270 )

or 4096 cis 270

or  4096 i

3 3
or 4096 (cos  i sin )
2 2

3
or 4096 cis
2

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 14.
2
5. z  196 i

Modulus : z 2  196


Arg = 90 or
2

z 2  196 (cos90  i sin90 ) or196 cis 90 or 196 cis 

2

The complex number z = r cis( ) has exactly n distinct n th roots, z1, z2, ..., zn, given by
   2k     360k 
1 1
zk  r cis
n
 where k = 0,1,..., n − 1. or zk  r cis
n
 
 n   n 

Method 1 Method 2

90  360k 90  360k First root is Z0 = 196 cis  90 

1 2

z = 196 [Cos2
+ i Sin ]  2 
2 2
90  360k 90  360k
1

or 196 cis 2
or 14cis 
2 2 = 14 cis 45
or

14 cis 
For k = 0 4

 90  360  0 
Z0 = 14cis  
 2 360 180
2

45 + 180 = 225
= 14 cis 45 or 14 cis 
4
For k = 1
The other root is 14 cis 225
 90  360  1
Z1 = 14cis
  or 14 cis 5
2 4

= 14 cis 225 or 14 cis 5

4

z = 14 cis 45 , 14 cis 225 or 14 cis  ,14 cis 5

4 4

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 15.
TOPIC 7 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS (14½ marks)
1.
Only 2 outcomes are common: (5,5) and 5,6)

(a) P(A) = 6 or 1 (b) P(B) = 6 or 1 (c) P(A  B) = 2 or 1

36 6 36 6 36 18
(1 mark) (1 mark) (1 mark)

 z 
2

2. n   2 

e
 

z   2.3263 Using inverse normal table

2

2
n   2.32630.7 
 0.1 
n  265.17

minimum sample = 266

(2½ marks)

3.

0.4
0.1

Z=1.2816 Using inverse normal table

x
Z

30  20
1.2816 

10
 
1.2816

  7.80

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 16.
4.

From binomial table: n = 7, x = 3, p = 0.1 P = 0.0230 or 0.02

Or by using the Binomial Probability formula

n x n x
P (X  x)    p q
 x
7 3 4
=    0.1  0.9
3
= 0.0229635

= 0.0230 or 0.02
(2 marks)

5.

Z  =  1.6449

Critical region: Reject Ho if z <  1.6449

Rejection
Region

Acceptance region One-Tailed test

Z = -1.6449

xμ
Z
σ
n

 89
0.5
49
 14

Since z value of 14 falls on the rejection region we therefore, reject the null hypothesis

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 17.
TOPIC 8 CALCULUS I (14½ marks)
4 2 2
1. 9 y  y  x 3 x
dy
When differentiating the variable y, attach .
dx
3 dy dy
36 y  2y  2x  3
dx dx

3 dy
(36 y  2 y )  2 x 3 factorise
dx

dy 2 x 3
=
dx 36 y 3  2 y

2.
y  cos x ln( 7 x )

f  cos x g ln 7 x
1
f '  sin x g'  7
7x
1

x

 f.g  '  f '.g  f.g ' Product rule

  sin x  ln 7 x  cosx  1
x

cosx
sin x ln7 x 
x
or
cosx
 sin x ln7 x
x

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 18.

TOPIC 8 (continued)

3.
2 2
C  x  2  4 xy 1.5  C  2 x  6 xy Expression for total cost

V x2 y
2 Volume
18000  x y
18000
y
x2
18000
C 2 x 2  6 x 
2 Expression in terms of x only
x
2 108000 2 1
C 2 x  or 2 x  108000 x
x

or 4 x  108000 x 2
108000
C'  4 x  Derivative
2
x
3
0 4 x 108000
1
108000 3
x 3 or 27000 or 27000 3 Solving for x
4

x 30

18000
y
30 2
2 108000
y  20 Or C  230 
30

C  230 2  63020

least cost = $ 5400

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.
 19.

4. Method 2
3 3 3
Area   x 3  5 x 2 7 x3 dx or   x 3  5 x 2 7 x3 dx NB. xThe
3
 5 xregion
2
7 x3is
dx below the x-axis
1 1
or
1 

3
x4 5x3 7x2   4 
3
x 4 5x3 7x 2 
3


3 2
   3 x  or   x  5 x 7 x 3 x   4  3  2  3 x 
 4 3 2  1  4 3 2 1 1


 4 3 2   4 3 2  3   
  3  53  73 33    1  51  71 31   53 73  33    1  51 71 31 
4 3 2 4 3 2

 4   4  
 3 2   3 2   4 3 2   4 3 2 

 21  11 11

4 12 3 


Area = 11 or 4 or 1.33 Area = 11 or 4 or 1.33
3 3 3 3
(3 marks)

5.
 x sin 3 x dx
Method 1: Using Integration by parts
ux dv  sin3 x
du dx or du 1 v   cos 3 x
dx 3

  u dv  uv   v du
 x cos 3 x  cos 3 x
  dx
3 3


 x sin 3 x dx =  xcos3 x  sin3 x  C
3 9
Method 2 Tabular Integration by parts

Repeated Repeated
Differentiation Integration

x sin 3 x
+ Signs
- cos3 x 1st arrow: positive
 1 3  2nd arrow: negative
- - sin 3 x
 0
9 

 xcos3 x sin3 x

 x sin 3 x dx =
3

9
C

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 20.

TOPIC 9 CALCULUS II (7½ marks)


1
1. dx x  3 cos θ
2
9 x

x  3 cos θ
dx
 3 sin θ Differentiate
d

dx  3 sin θ dθ Make dx the subject

1 1
 dx   3sinθdθ
9 x 2 
9  3cosθ  2
Substitute
3sinθ
  2
dθ
9   3cosθ 

3sinθ
  9  9cos 2 θ
dθ

3sinθ
  9 (1  cos 2 θ)
dθ 2 2
1 cos θ  sin θ

3sinθ
  3sinθ dθ

 1dθ

 θ

1 x

1 dx   cos  C
3
9 x 2

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 21.

TOPIC 8 (continued)

2.
3
V=
0  
 y 2 dx (Volume of solid of revolution)

y  x2  y2  x4
3


=  x 4 dx
0
3
 x5 
=   Integrate
 5  0
 35 0 5 
=   
 5 5 

243
volume =  or 48.6 or 152.68
5
(3 marks)

3. Initial t =0

 0.40
(a) P  200 e Population = 200
(1 mark)
Initial amount

(b)
 0.43
P  200 e Substitute t = 3
60.24

Population = 60

(1 mark)

Turn Over
© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.
 22.

TOPIC 10 VECTORS AND GEOMETRY (7½ marks)

Modulus or magnitude of a vector a is the length of the vector. The symbol for magnitude is a and is found
~ ~
using:

a  x2  y 2  z 2
~

1. (a) ~a = 4 i  2 j  4 k

2 2 2
a  ( 4 )  ( 2 )  (  4 )
a 6

(b) b =  2i  3 j  6k
~

2 2 2
b  ( 2 )  ( 3)  ( 6 )
b 7

(c) Dot product or scalar product

~a .~b = 4  2   2  3   4  6
dot product = 10

(d) Angle between the vectors

~a .~b  a b cos θ
10  6 7 cos θ

θcos 1  10  or θ  cos 1  5 
 42   21 

Angle = 76.23
(1½ marks)

© MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FY13CE 2018: MATHEMATICS.

 23.

TOPIC 10 (continued)

2.
Symmetric or Cartesian Form of an equation of a line which passes through a point ( x 0 , y 0 ,z 0 )
a
 
and is parallel to the vector  b  is
c
 
coordinates = (1 , 2 ,  3)

3.
Division of Line Segment in the Ratio m : n

A m P n B

mB  nA
P
mn

 12    6 
   
7  3   2  12 
 4   5
   
P
72

 84    12 
   
 21    24 
 28    10 
   
P
9
 72 
 
 45 
 18 
 
P
9

coordinates of P = ( 8 , 5, 2)
(2 marks)

THE END
_______________________
COPYRIGHT: MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, FIJI, 2018.