EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

Note to USeP Faculty:

This is a plain template allowing easy writing/preparation of course packs. For
this version, it is suggested to simply replace the text in the sections as
indicated, and copy-and-paste sections to duplicate them (e.g. to create a new
lesson or module). Use A4 paper size, with 1.5” left margin, and 1” on remaining
sides. Use Arial font at font size 12 and 1.5 spacing for paragraph lines.

VIRGINIA BARBARA P. NILLAS

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

Welcome Message

Ushering a new era of academic journey for 2020 is indeed exciting and
challenging. You are going to journey this course in Gender and Society under
this are modules pack with different lessons that would be explored.

You are going to be the first learners in USeP who will utilize this module. You
are now going to find many exciting situations and discussions about Gender
concepts. This module will be a guide for you to understand and be aware of
Gender issues and concerns.

Your teachers in this modular approach are also excited to walk through the
module with you. Just be open minded, be patient in your readings, and
persistent in your academic endeavors despite the challenges you are confronted
with this time.

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

COMPILED BY:

Faculty Information:

Name: Kendi B. Arsitio

Email: [email protected]
Contact Number: 09171339141
Office: CTET- General Education Department
Consultation Hours: MWF 1:00 – 4:00

Name: Chona Liza M. Limbaga

Email: [email protected]
Contact Number: 0920-219-0877
Office: Clinic-Mabini Unit
Consultation Hours: MWF 1:00 – 4:00

Name: Shiela C. Llorando

Email: [email protected]
Contact Number: 09178538593
Office: CTEY- BSNEd Department
Consultation Hours: MWF 1:00 – 4:00

Name: Virginia Barbara P. Nillas

Email:[email protected]
Contact Number: 09126658537
Office: CTET- General Education Department
Consultation Hours: MWF 1:00 – 4:00

Name: Analyn Q. Villaroman

Email: [email protected]
Contact Number: 09087817452
Office: CTET- General Education Department
Consultation Hours: MWF 1:00 – 4:00

Getting Help:
For academic concerns (College/Adviser- Contact details)
For administrative concerns (College Dean- Contact details)
For UVE concerns (KMD-Contact details)
For health and wellness concerns (UAGC, HSD, and OSAS- contact details

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

Table of Contents
Welcome Message................................................................................................................................... 2
Faculty Information: .............................................................................................................................. 3
VMGO …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………8
INSTITUTIONAL GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES ......................................................................... 9
THE COURSE OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................10
COURSE ASSESSMENT ................................................................................................................11
The Course Map ..................................................................................................................................13
MODULE 1 ............................................................................................................................................. 14
Course Overview….………………………………………………………………15
Time Frame........………………………………………………………………………………………..16
Introduction: ..................................................................................................................................16
Analysis ...........................................................................................................................................17
Abstraction .................................................................................................................................... 18
Application .....................................................................................................................................25
Closure:...........................................................................................................................................26
References:...................................................................................................................................26
UNIT TEST ...................................................................................................................................27
MODULE 2 ............................................................................................................................................. 29
Lesson 1 ..............................................................................................................................................30
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................30
............................................................................................................................................................31
Analysis ...........................................................................................................................................31
Closure ............................................................................................................................................39
References:...................................................................................................................................39
Lesson 2 ..............................................................................................................................................40
Analysis ...........................................................................................................................................40
Application .....................................................................................................................................45
Closure ............................................................................................................................................45
References:...................................................................................................................................46
Lesson 3 ..............................................................................................................................................47
Time Frame: Week 6 ................................................................................................................47
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................47
Activity ............................................................................................................................................. 47
Analysis ...........................................................................................................................................48
Application .....................................................................................................................................54

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

Closure ............................................................................................................................................55
References:...................................................................................................................................56
Lesson 4 ..............................................................................................................................................57
Activity ............................................................................................................................................. 57
Abstraction .................................................................................................................................... 58
............................................................................................................................................................59
............................................................................................................................................................64
Application .....................................................................................................................................64
Closure...................................................................................................................................65
References:...................................................................................................................................65
MODULE 3 ............................................................................................................................................. 67
Lesson 1 ..............................................................................................................................................67
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................67
ACTIVITY .......................................................................................................................................68
ANALYSIS .....................................................................................................................................69
ABSTRACTION ..........................................................................................................................70
APPLICATION ............................................................................................................................. 73
Closure ............................................................................................................................................74
Lesson 2 ..............................................................................................................................................75
Introduction: ..................................................................................................................................75
ACTIVITY .......................................................................................................................................75
ANALYSIS .....................................................................................................................................75
ABSTRACTION ..........................................................................................................................76
APPLICATION ............................................................................................................................. 84
Closure:...........................................................................................................................................85
References:...................................................................................................................................85
MODULE 4 ............................................................................................................................................. 86
Course Overview............................................................................................................................. 87
Lesson 1 ..............................................................................................................................................88
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................88
ACTIVITY............................................................................................................................................88
ANALYSIS .....................................................................................................................................90
ABSTRACTION ..........................................................................................................................91
APPLICATION ............................................................................................................................. 95
Closure ............................................................................................................................................96

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

Lesson 2 ..............................................................................................................................................97
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................97
ACTIVITY .......................................................................................................................................97
ABSTRACTION ....................................................................................................................... 100
APPLICATION .......................................................................................................................... 102
Closure ......................................................................................................................................... 102
Lesson 3 ........................................................................................................................................... 103
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 103
ACTIVITY .................................................................................................................................... 104
ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................. 105
ABSTRACTION ....................................................................................................................... 106
APPLICATION .......................................................................................................................... 107
Closure ......................................................................................................................................... 108
Module Summary .................................................................................................................... 108
Module Assessment .............................................................................................................. 108
References ................................................................................................................................. 109
MODULE 5 .......................................................................................................................................... 110
Lesson 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 112
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 112
ACTIVITY .................................................................................................................................... 112
ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................. 113
ABSTRACTION ....................................................................................................................... 114
APPLICATION .......................................................................................................................... 120
Closure ......................................................................................................................................... 122
Lesson 2 ........................................................................................................................................... 123
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 123
ACTIVITY .................................................................................................................................... 124
ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................. 125
......................................................................................................................................................... 125
ABSTRACTION ....................................................................................................................... 125
APPLICATION .......................................................................................................................... 137
Closure ........................................................................................................................................ 141
Lesson 3 ......................................................................................................................................... 143
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 143
ACTIVITY .................................................................................................................................... 144

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................................. 145

......................................................................................................................................................... 146
LET US PONDER!.................................................................................................................. 146
APPLICATION ............................................................................................................................ 156
Closure ......................................................................................................................................... 158
Resources: ................................................................................................................................. 158
Lesson 4 MEN AND MASCULINITIES ............................................................................ 160
Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 160
ACTIVITY .................................................................................................................................... 160
Analysis ........................................................................................................................................ 162
APPLICATION .......................................................................................................................... 174
Closure ......................................................................................................................................... 176
RESOURCES:................................................................................................................ 177-178

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHEASTERN PHILIPPINES

VISION

Premier Research University in the ASEAN.

MISSION

USeP shall produce world-class graduates and relevant research and extension
through quality education and sustainable resource management.

GOALS

At the end of the plan period, the University of Southeastern Philippines (USeP)
aims to achieve five comprehensive and primary goals:

1. Recognized ASEAN Research University

2. ASEAN Competitive Graduates and Professionals
3. Vibrant Research Community
4. Proactive Research-based Economic Empowering
Extension Services
5. Capacity for Innovative Resource Generation

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

INSTITUTIONAL GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES

LEADERSHIP SKILLS

Creates and inspires positive changes in the organization; exercises

responsibility with integrity and accountability in the practice of one’s profession
or vocation.

CRITICAL AND ANALYTICAL THINKING SKILLS

Demonstrates creativity, innovativeness, and intellectual curiosity in optimizing

available resources to develop new knowledge, methods, processes, systems,
and value-added technologies.

SERVICE ORIENTED

Demonstrates concern for others, practices professional ethics, honesty, and

exemplifies socio-cultural, environmental concern, and sustainability.

LIFELONG LEARNING

Demonstrates enthusiasm and passion for continuous personal and professional

development.

PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE

Demonstrates proficiency and flexibility in the area of specialization and in

conveying information in accordance with global standards.

CORE VALUES OF THE UNIVERSITY

UNITY
STEWARDSHIP
EXCELLENCE
PROFESSIONALISM

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

THE COURSE OVERVIEW

COURSE TITLE : Gender and Society

CREDIT : 3.0
SEMESTER : First Semester
TIME FRAME : August 2020 to December 2020

COURSE DESCRIPTION : Gender as a social construction,its role in and

impact on different facets of societal life.

COURSE OUTCOMES :

On the completion of the course, student is expected to be able to do the

following:

Graduate Outcomes
Course Outcomes
Aligned to

Determine and identify gender Critical and Analytical

CO 1 constructed as a social fact Thinking, Service Oriented

CO 2 Describe and explain the value of

sociological methods for analyzing Critical and Analytical
gendered interactions Thinking, Service Oriented

Apply a sociological imagination to

Critical and Analytical
their day-to-day observations on
Thinking, Leadership Skill,
CO 3 sex and gender in society
Service Oriented

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

COURSE ASSESSMENT

As evidence of attaining the above learning outcomes, the student has to do and
submit the following:

Course
Description and other
Learning Evidence Outcomes it
Details
represents

Students shall identify one

decided case by the Supreme
Court applying any of the
three gender related laws, the
Anti-VAWC Act, the Anti- CO1, CO2, CO3
LE1 Case digest
Rape Law and the Anti-
Sexual Harassment Act.

Assessment of personal
LE2 Reflection opinion about the
contextualized views of CO1, CO2, CO3
lessons taken
For every Module Lesson you
LE3 Module Activities are expected to accomplish
CO1, CO2, CO3
the given output required

Other Requirements and Assessment Activities (Aa)

Aside from the final output, the student will be assessed at other times during the
term by the following:

Course
Assessment Outcomes
Description and other Details
Activity it
represents

AA1 Quizzes Quizzes will be given after each topic.

CO1, CO2,
Types of quizzes will vary depending
CO3
on the topic.

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Grading System

The final grade in this course will be composed of the following items and their
weights in the final grade computation:

Assessment Grade Source

Percentage of Final Grade
Item (Score or Rubric Grade)

AA1 Score 10%

LE1 Rubric Grade 30%

LE2 Rubric Grade 30%

LE3 Module Activities 30%

100%

Passing Grade : 3.0

Passing Grade conditions : Submission of complete requirement

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

The Course Map

EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

Module 1 Module 2 Module 3 Module 4 Module 5

Gender and Sexuality Biomedical Perspective Psychosocial Perspective Political-Legal Cross-Cutting Issues in
as a Social Reality in Gender and Sexuality in Gender and Sexuality Perspective in Gender and Sexuality
Gender and Sexuality
4

Lesson 1: Sex, Gender Lesson 1: Anatomy and Lesson 1: Gender-fair Lesson 1: Anti-Violence Lesson 1: Gender Bread
and Sexuality Physiology Language: Stereotype, against Women and their Person
Lesson 2: The Process of Prejudice and Children Act Lesson 2: Gender
Reproduction Discrimination Lesson 2: Anti-Sexual Concepts
Lesson 3: Sexual Health Lesson 2: Gender and Harassment Law Lesson 3: Gender
and Hygiene Media Lesson 3: Anti-Rape Law Education
Lesson 4: Risky Lesson 4: Men and
Behaviors and Adolescents Masculinities

Outcome: Students who demonstrate understanding on gender as a social construct and its various implications
in the cross-cutting issues in society.

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

MODULE 1

Module 1

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

Module Overview
Module 1

Gender and
Sexuality as a
Social Reality

UNIT 1
The topics included in this unit are:
Sex, Gender and Sexuality
Gender and Sexuality Across Time
Gender and Sexuality as a Subject of Inquiry

Gender and sexuality can be very complicated issues for young people.
Everyone expresses their sexuality differently with various levels of diversity.
Often sexuality and sexual identity changes at different times of our lives. Some
of us are oriented toward the opposite gender, others toward the same gender, to
both genders and many more. To broaden our understanding of how gender and
sexuality differs from each other, this module will present key concepts that will
explain and categorize these topics.

It is expected that at the completion of this module you should be able

to:
· differentiate Gender from Sexuality;
· explain Gender socialization;
· identify Gender stereotypes and the problem stereotyping brings;
· analyze the sexual orientation and gender identity and expressions.

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

Sex, Gender and

Sexuality
Learning Outcomes

Discuss Sex, Gender and Sexuality

Differentiate Gender from Sexuality
Explain gender socialization
Identify gender stereotypes and the problem stereotyping brings
Analyze the sexual orientation and gender identify and expression

Time Frame: Week 1

Introduction:

Sex, Gender and Sexuality affects our life choices. These influences our
identity, taste and style as a person. To begin, recall your prior knowledge about
how your childhood experiences influence your perception of gender and
sexuality.

What were your favorite toys growing up?

Why were these toys your favorite?

Recall the things you like
the as a young kid and
the instances that made
you realize your identity.
Were there toys you shied away from
because you felt they were not for you?

When did you realize that you were a boy or a girl?

_______________________________________________

For non-binary students, when did you realize that you fell outside
the boy and girl label?

_______________________________________________
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Analysis

Instruction: Write down your opinion on these questions. What is expected of

girls and boys in the following institution? Answers may be written in bullet form.

1. House 3. Church

What is
expected of
girls and boys
in the following
institution?
2. School 3. Church

Ratings for Task A, B, and C (5 points per task)

5- Very good
4- Good
3- Satisfactory
2- Fair
1. Needs Improvement

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Abstraction

INDEPENDENT READING

Reading Sources:
Rodriguez A (2019) Gender and Society: The Ways of Women, Their Oppressions and
Paths to Liberation, C and E Publishing Incorporated, Page 11-19
Basic Definitions: Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression (SOGIE)
Retrieved on: July 20, 2020 from https://www.chp.edu/-/media/chp/departments-and-
services/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/documents/gender-and-sexual-
development/basic-definitions- sogie.pdf

In this activity, you will have your independent reading of the terms
associated with gender and sexuality. This will help you get familiar with the
terms Sex, Gender, Sexuality, Gender Stereotyping, Sexual Orientation, Gender
Identity and Expression.

Sex and Gender: Its Difference

Sex is a biological term. We use it often to refer to the act of mating

between two organisms- an act which is part of the process of biological
reproduction. A more technical term for this is coitus. The concept of “sex” may
also be expanded to include other behavior associated with the act of mating:
animal courtship rituals, human “foreplay”.

Gender refers to the differentiated social roles, behaviors, capacities,

and intellectual, emotional and social characteristics attributed by a given culture
to women and men- in short, all differences besides the strictly biological. There
are two genders: Masculine, ascribed to the male sex, and feminine, ascribed to
the female. The way a society is organized according to sex is referred to by
some social scientist as the “sex-gender system”.
Gender roles are justified by gender stereotypes about the different
personality traits, skills and capacities that men and women have. Men said to be
physically stronger than women, thus more fit to take on work outside of the
home. Women, on the other hand, are perceived as fit only for household work
that does not require great physical exertion. Women are supposed to be better
equipped for minute, detailed manual work, because their fingers are smaller and
therefore nimbler that men’s.

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Table 1: Main Difference between Sex and Gender

Sex Gender
· Physiological · Social
· Related to Reproduction · Cultural
· Congenital · Learned Behavior
· Unchanging · Changes over Time
· Varies within culture/Among culture

Figure 1: Sex versus Gender

Difference between sex and gender (KERSTAN 1995:31) | Download Scientific Diagram

My Personal Note:

The difference between sex and gender ______________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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Gender and Sexuality across Time

Perception on Gender and Sexuality had changed across time.

Nowadays more and more people are accepting the fact that each sex and
gender has their own strengths and capabilities uniquely different from one
another. Before, men usually referred as the dominant sex but at this point in
time the rights, opinions of women, young and old and the members of the
LGBTQIA community are now being considered.

Gender Role Socialization is defined as the process of learning and

internalizing culturally approved ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving. It starts
as soon as one is born and manifests from the color associated with one’s
gender to the roles one sees his or her gender performs the most. Socialization
affects all parts of one’s identity by dictating what is acceptable to do because of
one’s educational background, class, religion, and gender. Thus, female and
male gender roles develop.

Gender Stereotypes develop when different institutions reinforce a

biased perception of a certain gender’s role. The institutions include the family,
the church, the school, the state, and the media.

Gender Stereotypes are of four types:

1. Sex Stereotypes are generalized view of traits that should be possessed
by men and women, specifically physical and emotional roles. These
stereotypes are unrelated to the roles women and men actually perform.

2. Sexual Stereotypes involve assumptions regarding a person’s sexuality

that reinforce dominant views. For example a prevalent view is that all
men are sexually dominant. Another notion is heteronormativity, or the
assumption that all persons are only attracted to sex opposite theirs.

3. Sex-role Stereotypes encompass the roles that men and women are
assigned to base on their sex and what behaviors they must possess to
fulfill these roles.

4. Compound Stereotypes are assumptions about a specific group

belonging to a gender. Examples of groups subject to compounded
stereotypes are young women, old men, single men or women, women
factory workers and the like.

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Gender and Sexuality as a Subject of Inquiry

The abbreviation SOGIE stands for Sexual Orientation and Gender

Identity and expression. Sexuality is different form sex, as the former is the
expression of a persons’ thoughts, feelings, sexual orientation and relationships,
as well as the biology of the sexual response system of that person. The different
terms standing for SOGIE are further defined below.
1. Sexual Orientation coverts the three dimensions of sexuality, namely:
A. sexual attraction, sexual behavior, sexual fantasies;
B. emotional preference, social preference, self- identification and
C. heterosexual or homosexual lifestyle.
Sexual orientation involves the person to whom one is attracted and how
one identifies himself or herself in relation to this attraction which includes
both romantic and sexual feelings.
2. Gender Identity refers to one’s personal experience of gender or social
relations. It determines how one sees himself or herself in relation to
gender and sexuality. A person could identify himself on herself as a
masculine or feminine.

3. Gender Expression determines how one expresses his or her sexuality

through the actions or manner of presenting oneself.

Basic Types of Sexual Orientation

1. Asexual - not sexually attracted to anyone and/or no desire to act on
attraction to anyone. Does not necessarily mean sexless. Asexual people
sometimes do experience affectional (romantic) attraction.

2. Bisexual - attracted to people of one’s own gender and people of other

gender(s). Two common misconceptions are that bisexual people are
attracted to everyone and anyone, or that they just haven’t “decided.”
Often referred to as “bi.” See also Pansexual/Fluid and Queer.

3. Gay - generally refers to a man who is attracted to men. Sometimes refers

to all people who are attracted to people of the same sex; sometimes
“homosexual” is used for this also, although this term is seen by many
today as a medicalized term that should be retired from common use.

4. Lesbian - a woman who is attracted to women. Sometimes also or

alternately “same-gender-loving woman” or “woman loving woman.” See
also Gay.

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5. Pansexual/Fluid - attracted to people regardless of gender. Sometimes

also or alternately “omnisexual” or “polysexual.” See also Bisexual and
Queer.

6. Questioning - one who may be unsure of, reconsidering, or chooses to

hold off identifying their sexual identity or gender expression or identity.

7. Queer - traditionally a derogatory term, yet reclaimed and appropriated by

some LGBTQ individuals as a term of self-identification. It is an umbrella
term which embraces a matrix of sexual preferences, gender expressions,
and habits that are not of the heterosexual, heteronormative, or gender-
binary majority. It is not a universally accepted term by all members of the
LGBT community, and it is often considered offensive when used by
heterosexuals.

8. Straight - attracted to people of the “opposite” sex (see below); also

sometimes generally used to refer to people whose sexualities are
societally normative. Alternately referred to as “heterosexual.”

Gender Identity and Expressions

Gender Identity and Expression refers to the ways in which a person
identifies and/or expresses their gender, including self-image, appearance, and
embodiment of gender roles. One’s sex (e.g. male, female, intersex, etc.) is
usually assigned at birth based on one’s physical biology. One’s gender (e.g.
male, female, genderqueer, etc.) is one’s internal sense of self and identity.
One’s gender expression (e.g. masculine, feminine, androgynous, etc.) is how
one embodies gender attributes, presentations, roles, and more.
1. Heteronormativity – is defined as a notion that being heterosexual, or
attraction to the opposite sex, is the standard of correctness.

2. Heterosexual –or straight, refers to people who have sexual and romantic
feelings mostly for the opposite gender- men who are attracted to women,
and women who are attracted to men

3. Androgyny - The mixing of masculine and feminine gender expression or

the lack of gender identification. The terms androgyne, agender, and
neutrois are sometimes used by people who identify as genderless, non-
gendered, beyond or between genders, or some combination thereof.

4. Cisgender - A gender identity that society considers to “match” the

biological sex assigned at birth. The prefix cis- means “on this side of” or

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

“not across from.” A term used to call attention to the privilege of people
who are not transgender.

5. Crossdresser - Cross-dressing refers to occasionally wearing clothing of

the “opposite” gender, and someone who considers this an integral part of
their identity may identify as a crossdresser (note: the term crossdresser is
preferable to transvestite and neither may ever be used to describe a
transsexual person). Cross-dressing is not necessarily tied to erotic activity
or sexual orientation.

6. Genderqueer/Third Gender/Gender Fluid - These terms are used by

people who identify as being between and/or other than male or female.
They may feel they are neither, a little bit of both, or they may simply feel
restricted by gender labels.

7. Intersex - A general term used for a variety of genetic, hormonal, or

anatomical conditions in which a person is born with a reproductive or
sexual anatomy that doesn’t seem to fit the typical definitions of female or
male. Some intersex individuals identify as transgender or gender variant;
others do not. (Note: hermaphrodite is an obsolete term that is not
currently considered appropriate.)

8. Transgender - First coined to distinguish gender benders with no desire

for surgery or hormones from transsexuals, those who desired to legally
and medically change their sex, more recently transgender and/or trans
has become an umbrella term popularly used to refer to all people who
transgress dominant conceptions of gender, or at least all who identify
themselves as doing so. The definition continues to evolve.
9. Transsexual - The term transsexual has historically been used to refer to
individuals who have medically and legally changed their sex, or who wish
to do so. Most transsexual people feel a conflict between their gender
identity and the sex they were assigned at birth. Other labels used within
this group are MtF (maleto-female) or trans woman, and FtM (female-to-
male) or trans man.

10. Two-Spirit – A person who identified with the Native American tradition of
characterizing certain members of the community as having the spirit of
both the male and female genders.

11. Biphobia - Aversion of and/or prejudice toward the idea that people can
be attracted to more than one gender, and/or bisexuals as a group or as

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individuals, often based on negative stereotypes of bisexuality and the

invisibility of bisexual people.

12. Coming Out – The process of acknowledging one’s sexual orientation

and/or gender identity or expression to oneself or other people.

13. Gender Binary - A system of classifying sex and gender into two distinct
and disconnected forms of masculine and feminine. It can be referred to
as a social construct or a social boundary that discourages people from
crossing or mixing gender roles, or from creating other third (or more)
forms of gender expression. It can also represent some of the prejudices
which stigmatize people who identify as intersex and transgender.

14. Heterosexism - The presumption that everyone is straight and/or the

belief that heterosexuality is a superior expression of sexuality. Often
includes the use of power of the majority (heterosexuals) to reinforce this
belief and forgetting the privileges of being straight in our society.

15. Homophobia - Negative attitudes and feelings toward people with non-
heterosexual sexualities; dislike of, or discomfort with, expressions of
sexuality that do not conform to heterosexual norms.

16. Internalized Oppression - In reference to LGBTQ people, internalized

oppression is the belief that straight and non-transgender people are
“normal” or better than LGBTQ people, as well as the often-unconscious
belief that negative stereotypes about LGBTQ people are true.

17. LGBTQ - An acronym for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer.
This is currently one of the most popular ways in U.S. society to refer to all
people who are marginalized due to sexual orientation and/or gender
identity, although other letters are often included as well to represent
identities described above.

18. Transphobia - Negative attitudes and feelings toward transgender

individuals or discomfort with people whose gender identity and/or gender
expression do not conform to traditional or stereotypic gender roles.

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Application

Gender Equality is defined as the recognition of the state that all human
beings are free to enjoy equal conditions and fulfill their human potential, to
contribute to the state and society. It can also be defined as equality of sexes,
visibility in public and private spheres and fulfill participation in the society. Below
is a sample case that deals with gender issues.

Instruction: Read the sample case and write your opinion regarding this matter
on the space provided below.

Sample Case
A young woman, fresh out of college and ready for work, had trouble securing a job. Her
friends could not figure out why. She graduated with Latin honors and topped the board exam. She
had applied to numerous jobs which granted her interviews. However, after face-to-face interview
with numerous potential employers, she was never contacted. When asked why, the company HR
merely stated that they do not allow “cross dressing” for their employees. That young woman is a
Trans woman who, while expressing herself as feminine, was recognized by professional
institutions as male.

The issue of discrimination based on gender is very prevalent for the LGBT. The woman in
the scenario was a transgender, whose biological gender (male) did not reflect who she is (female).

Many posts about “trans” rights and issues circulate in social media. These problems are
everyday issues that show how people who only wish to express themselves are prevented from
doing so, and are blocked from academic and economic opportunities.

Source: Rodriguez A (2019) Gender and Society: The Ways of Women, Their Oppressions and Paths to
Liberation,
C and E Publishing Incorporated, Page 19

My Personal Note:

After reading the sample case, I realized that ___________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

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Closure:

Congratulations! You have completed the module 1. Did you get the difference
between sex and gender? How about the terms associated to gender and
sexuality? If so, then you are good to move to the next level.

References:

Rodriguez A (2019) Gender and Society: The Ways of Women, Their Oppressions and
Paths to Liberation, C and E Publishing Incorporated, Page 11-19
Basic Definitions: Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression (SOGIE)
Retrieved on: July 20, 2020 from https://www.chp.edu/-/media/chp/departments-and-
services/adolescent-and-young-adult-medicine/documents/gender-and-sexual-
development/basic-definitions- sogie.pdf

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

Direction: Write the letter of the best answer on the space provided before the
number. Please write it in capital letters. (10 points)

_______1. This describes a person who is sexually attracted to people of a

particular gender, some get attracted to more than one gender and others are not
attracted to anyone.
A. Gender Identity
B. Heteronormativity
C. Sexual Orientation
D. Gender Expressions
______2. This refers to the ways in which a person identifies and/or expresses
his/her gender, including self-image, appearance, and embodiment of gender
roles.
A. Gender Role
B. Gender Stereotyping
C. Gender and Sexuality
D. Gender Identity and Expressions
______3. Tristan is a male. In his community he is expected to behave
according to his sex and should fulfill the duties and responsibilities expected for
him as a man. What type of gender stereotype is this?
A. Sex Stereotypes
B. Sexual Stereotypes
C. Sex-role Stereotypes
D. Compound Stereotypes
______4. This is the general term used for a variety of genetic, hormonal, or
anatomical conditions in which a person is born with a reproductive or sexual
anatomy that doesn’t seem to fit the typical definitions of female or male.
A. Asexual
B. Intersex
C. Queer
D. Transgender
______5. In identifying gender and expression, this refers to the mixing of
masculine and feminine gender expression or the lack of gender identification.
A. Androgyny
B. Cisgender
C. Genderqueer
D. Transgender

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 EGE 311 – GENDER AND SOCIETY

______6. What do you call a man who is generally attracted to the opposite sex?
A. Bisexual
B. Sexless
C. Straight
D. Unsure
_____7. A 30-year-old female who has no boyfriend since birth has identified
herself as someone who is not interested to experience any romantic attraction.
What do you think is her gender preference?
A. Asexual
B. Bisexual
C. Gay
D. Lesbian
_____8. Kenjie in his late 30’s has the tendency to get attracted to someone of
the same gender or of those of the opposite. This may at some point confused
him which one to consider as a longtime partner. What do you think is his sexual
orientation?
A. Asexual
B. Bisexual
C. Gay
D. Straight

_____9. Raven likes to share to his friends that he is a female at heart. He likes
dressing up like a girl and joins different beauty pageants. Most of the time he is
attracted to masculine men. What do you think is his gender orientation?
A. Asexual
B. Bisexual
C. Gay
D. Straight
_____10. Liza decided to have a surgery that will change her genitals as of that
of the male. She also takes medicines that will enhance his masculinity. What do
you think is her gender expression?
A. Gay
B. Queer
C. Transexual
D. Transgender

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