Scribd
Upload
126 views30 pages

4.3 Electric Circuit-Studysheet8

This document is a physics study sheet on electric circuits for grade 9. It contains objectives, definitions, diagrams, and explanations of key circuit components like resistors, diodes, light-dependent resistors, thermistors, relays, and LEDs. It explains concepts like potential dividers, how diodes only allow current to flow in one direction, and how transducers like LDRs and thermistors can be used as input or output devices in circuits. The study sheet provides detailed information, diagrams, and examples to help students understand electric circuits.

Uploaded by

Seif Nimer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
126 views30 pages

4.3 Electric Circuit-Studysheet8

This document is a physics study sheet on electric circuits for grade 9. It contains objectives, definitions, diagrams, and explanations of key circuit components like resistors, diodes, light-dependent resistors, thermistors, relays, and LEDs. It explains concepts like potential dividers, how diodes only allow current to flow in one direction, and how transducers like LDRs and thermistors can be used as input or output devices in circuits. The study sheet provides detailed information, diagrams, and examples to help students understand electric circuits.

Uploaded by

Seif Nimer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 30

Physics Scholastic Year _____ / _____

Studysheet (8)
4.3 Electric circuit

Student’s Name: _________________________

Grade: Grade 9 IG

Section ( )

Subject: Physics

Teacher’s Name: Ayman Mustafa

Form # QF12 -66e rev.a

1
Objectives:

2
4.3.1 Circuit diagrams
Draw and interpret circuit diagrams containing sources, switches, resistors (fixed and
variable), heaters, thermistors, light-dependent resistors, lamps, ammeters, voltmeters,
galvanometers, magnetizing coils, transformers, bells, fuses and relays.
Symbols of electronic components
Fixed resistors
Variable resistors (rheostat)

Heaters

Thermistors

LDR light-dependent resistors

Lamps

Ammeter

Voltmeter

Galvanometer

Magnetizing coil
Transformers

Bells

Fuses
Relays

3
1

4
5
6
Potential divider
- It is a series circuit
- The voltage of the power source (cell or
battery) is shared between the resistors of
the circuit.
- The greater resistor takes the greater share
of voltage.
- The smaller resistor takes the smaller share of
voltage.

Semiconductor diode
- A diode is a device that lets current pass in one direction only.
- The typical I–V graph is shown in Figure below.
- A diode is a non-ohmic conductor.

- It is useful as a rectifier for changing alternating current (a.c.) to direct current (d.c.).

7
• Forward-biased:
- The diode conducts when the
anode goes to the (+) terminal of
the voltage supply and the
cathode to the (–) terminal.
- Its resistance is small.
- conventional current (I) passes in
the direction of the arrow on its
symbol.
- It also acts as a resistor to limit the
current when the diode is forward-
biased.

• reverse-biased
- The diode doesn’t conduct when the
anode goes to the (-) terminal of the
voltage supply and the cathode to
the (+) terminal.
- Its resistance is large.

Input transducers
a) Light-dependent resistor (LDR)
- The resistance of the LDR decreases as the intensity
of the light falling on it increases.
- LDRs are used in photographic exposure meters.
- When light falls on the LDR, its resistance decreases,
the voltage across it decreases, so the lamp will lit
because the voltage increases across it.

8
- The opposite figure shows how an LDR can
be used to switch a ‘relay’.

b) Thermistor
- Its resistance decreases markedly when the
temperature rises.
- The temperature may rise either because the
thermistor is directly heated or because a current is in
it.
- The opposite figure demonstrates when the thermistor
is heated, the lamp lights.

- The opposite Figure shows how a thermistor


can be used to switch a relay.

9
Output transducers
a) Relays
- It allows the small current provided by the switching circuit to control the larger
current circuit.
- Relays controlled by a switching circuit can also be used to switch on the mains
supply for electrical appliances in the home.
- The relay also isolates the low voltage circuit from the high voltage mains supply.

b) Light-emitting diode (LED)

- An LED is a diode made from the semiconductor.


- When forward biased (with the cathode C connected to the negative terminal of the
battery), the current in it makes it emit red, yellow or green light.
- No light is emitted on reverse bias (when the anode A is connected to the negative
terminal of the battery).
- If the reverse bias voltage exceeds 5 V, it may cause damage.
- In use an LED must have a suitable resistor R in series with it to limit the current.
- LEDs are small, reliable and have a long life; their operating speed is high and their
current requirements are very low.

10
1

11
4

12
6

13
8

10

14
11

12

15
13

14

16
15

16

17
17

18

18
19

19
20

20
21
21

22
23
22

24
25
23

26
24

27
25

28
29
26

30

You might also like