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Compiler Design 2

The document summarizes key aspects of compiler design, including intermediate code generation, code optimization, and code generation. It discusses how the intermediate code generator converts the parse tree into a machine-dependent representation like three-address code. It then explains how code optimization works to modify programs to run faster and use fewer resources. Finally, it outlines the process of code generation, which maps source code abstractions to target machine representations through operations like allocating storage, mapping operators to opcodes, and interfacing with libraries and the operating system.

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46 views14 pages

Compiler Design 2

The document summarizes key aspects of compiler design, including intermediate code generation, code optimization, and code generation. It discusses how the intermediate code generator converts the parse tree into a machine-dependent representation like three-address code. It then explains how code optimization works to modify programs to run faster and use fewer resources. Finally, it outlines the process of code generation, which maps source code abstractions to target machine representations through operations like allocating storage, mapping operators to opcodes, and interfacing with libraries and the operating system.

Uploaded by

ayan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Compiler Design

Prof. Sankhadeep Chatterjee


Department of Computer Science & Engineering, UEMK
Previous Class
• Front End Compilation
• Lexical Analysis
• Syntax Analysis
• Semantic Analysis
Intermediate Code Generator
• Intermediate Code Generator coverts the
unambiguous parse tree to an intermediate
machine dependent representation.

• There can be different ways of representations

• Three-address code is one such


representation.
Intermediate Code Generator
• Input character stream : a = b + c * 10
• Token Stream :
<id, 1> <=> <id, 2> <+> <id, 3> <*> <10>

<id, 1> +
<id, 2> *

<id, 3> <10>


Intermediate Code Generator
=

<id, 1> +

<id, 2> *

temp1 := int-to-float(10)
<id, 3> int-to-float
temp2 := id3 * temp1
<10>
temp3 := id2 + temp2

id1 := temp3
Code Optimization
• Automatically modify programs so that
they
– Run faster
– Use less resources (memory, registers,
space, fewer fetches etc.)
• Some common optimizations
– Common sub-expression elimination
– Dead code elimination , etc.
Code Optimization
After Intermediate Code Generation After Code Optimization

temp1 := int-to-float(10) temp1 := id3 * int-to-float(10)

temp2 := id3 * temp1 id1 := temp1 + id2

temp3 := id2 + temp2

id1 := temp3
Code Generation
• Abstractions at the source level
identifiers, operators, expressions, statements,
conditionals, iteration, functions (user defined,
system defined or libraries)
• Abstraction at the target level
memory locations, registers, stack, opcodes,
addressing modes, system libraries, interface to
the operating systems
• Code generation is mapping from source level
abstractions to target machine abstractions
Code Generation
• Map identifiers to locations
(memory/storage allocation)
• Explicate variable accesses (change
identifier reference to relocatable/absolute
address
• Map source operators to opcodes or a
sequence of opcodes
Code Generation
• Convert conditionals and iterations to a
test/jump or compare instructions
• Layout parameter passing protocols:
locations for parameters, return values,
layout of activations frame etc.
• Interface calls to library, runtime system,
operating systems
Code Generation
Optimized Code Target Assembly Level Code

temp1 := id3 * int-to-float(10) LDF R2, id3

MULF R2, R2, #60.0


id1 := temp1 + id2
LDF R1, id2

ADDF R1, R1, R2

STF id1, R1
Compilation Phases
Intermediate
• Back End Compilation Code Generator

• Machine Dependent
Code
Optimizer

Code
Generator
Full Picture
Front End Back End

Intermediate
Lexical Syntax Semantic Code Code
Code
Analysis Analysis Analysis Optimization Generation
Generation

Symbol Table
Thank You

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