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Newton's Laws of Motion (Applications) : Lecture 11-Part.I

This document provides examples and solutions for applying Newton's Laws of Motion to problems involving equilibrium and forces. It includes free-body diagrams and calculations of tensions, accelerations, and other forces. The examples cover topics like finding tensions in cables supporting a traffic light, blocks on an inclined plane, and boxes being pulled by ropes. Solutions show setting up the force equations and solving them to find the unknown values.

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Raghda Jouda
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37 views

Newton's Laws of Motion (Applications) : Lecture 11-Part.I

This document provides examples and solutions for applying Newton's Laws of Motion to problems involving equilibrium and forces. It includes free-body diagrams and calculations of tensions, accelerations, and other forces. The examples cover topics like finding tensions in cables supporting a traffic light, blocks on an inclined plane, and boxes being pulled by ropes. Solutions show setting up the force equations and solving them to find the unknown values.

Uploaded by

Raghda Jouda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture 11- Part.

I
Newton’s Laws of Motion
(Applications)

Instructor:
Dr. Loai Afana
Physical and Biomedical Devices and Systems
2012/2013

Dr. Loai Afana 1


Definition of equilibrium

If the net for force exerted on an object is zero, the acceleration


of the object is zero and its velocity remains constant.
That is, if the net force acting on the object is zero, the object
either remains at rest or continues to move with constant velocity.
When the velocity of an object is constant (including when the
object is at rest), the object is said to be in equilibrium.

The condition of equilibrium

∑F x =0 ∑F y =0

Dr. Loai Afana


2
Example:
A traffic light weight 122 N, hangs from a cable tied to two other cables,
fastened to a support, as in Figure The upper cables make angles of 37.0 ° and
53.0 ° with the horizontal.
Find the tension in the three cables.

Solution:

Note that the traffic light in equilibrium, Then:

From the condition of equilibrium

∑ Fx = 0

∑ Fy = 0

Dr. Loai Afana 3


∑F x = T 2 cos 53 − T1 cos 37 = 0

∑ F x = 0 .6 T 2 − 0 .8 T1 = 0

∑F y = T2 sin 53 + T1 sin 37 − T3 = 0 , T3 = mg = 122


T3=122N

Σ F y = 0 . 8 T 2 + 0 . 6 T 1 − 122 = 0 cos 53 o =
T2 x
⇒ T2 x = T2 × cos 53 o
T2
− T1 x
cos 37 o = ⇒ T1 x = T1 × cos 37 o
T1
By solve the eqs.  T2 y
sin 53 o = ⇒ T 2 y = T2 × sin 53 o
T2
T1 = 73.4 N T2 = 97.4N T1 y
sin 37 o = ⇒ T1 y = T1 × sin 37 o
T1

Example: Suppose the two angles are equal. What would be the
relationship between T1 and T2?

Dr. Loai Afana 4


Example:
Suppose the two angles are equal.
What would be the relationship between T1 and T2?
Find the tension in the three cables.

∑F x = T2 cos 45 − T1 cos 45 = 0
⇒ 0 . 707 T 2 − 0 . 707 T 1 = 0  T1 = T2

∑F y = T2 sin 45 + T1 sin 45 − T3 = 0

⇒ 0 . 707 T 2 + 0 . 707 T1 − 122 = 0

⇒ 0 . 707 T 1 + 0 . 707 T 1 = 122


122
⇒ 1 . 414 T 1 = 122 ⇒ T 1 = = 86 . 28 N = T 2
1 . 414
Dr. Loai Afana 5
Example:
Find the tensions in each string in the figure. They are attached to a wall and
ceiling, as shown, and are holding up a mass of 10 kg

Solution:
From the condition of equilibrium

∑F y = T1 sin 60 − T3 = 0 : T3 = mg

T3 (10 kg ) × ( 9 . 8 )
T1 = = = 113 N The free-body diagram:
sin 60 0 . 866

∑F x = T 2 − T1 cos 60 = 0
60o

T2 = T1 cos 60
T2 = (113 N ) × ( 0 .50 ) = 57 N

Dr. Loai Afana 6


Example: A 3.0 kg mass hangs at one end of a rope that is attached to a
support on a car. When the car accelerates to the right, the rope makes an angle
of 4.0° with the vertical. Find the acceleration of the car.

Solution:

In the vertical direction:

Tcos4

In the horizontal direction:

Tsin4

Dr. Loai Afana 7


Example:
A 20-kg box is sitting on the floor and someone is pulling on it with a rope. The tension
in the rope is 60 N at an angle 60◦ above the horizontal. However, the box does not
move. It just sits there, held by static friction.
(a) Draw a free-body diagram of the box.
(b) Find the normal force that the floor exerts on the box.

Solution:
From the condition of equilibrium

∑F y = N + F sin 60 − mg = 0 The free-body diagram:

N = mg − F sin 60
N = ( 20 kg ) × (9 .8) − 60 sin 60
N = 144 N

8
Dr. Loai Afana
Example
Two blocks connected by a light rope are being pulled by a horizontal force F as shown
in the Figure . Suppose that : F = 50 N, m1 = 10 kg, m2 = 20 kg,
(a) Draw a free-body diagram for each block.
(b) Determine the tension, T, and the acceleration of the system.

Solution

∑ F x ( m 1 ) = m 1 a x ⇒ T = m 1 a x ⇒ T = 10 a x (1)

∑ F y ( m1 ) = m 1a y ⇒ N 1 − m 1 g = 0

∑F x (m2 ) = m 2 a x ⇒ 50 − T = m 2 a x ⇒ 50 − T = 20 a x (2)

∑F y (m2 ) = m2a y ⇒ N 2 − m2 g = 0

When (2) is added to (1), T cancels and we have:

50 = 30 a The free-body diagram:


a = 1 . 66 m / s 2
T = 16 . 6 N
Dr. Loai Afana 9
Example
Two blocks having masses of 2 kg and 3 kg are in contact on a fixed smooth inclined plane as in
Figure. Treating the two blocks as a composite system,
calculate the force F that will accelerate the blocks up the incline with acceleration of 2m/s2,

Solution

∑F x = ma x

F − W sin 37 = ( mTot ) × a x
F − (m Tot .g.sin37) = (3 + 2) × ( 2 m / s 2 )
F = 39 .4 N

Dr. Loai Afana 10

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