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Exp 1 Catalyst Report

1) The document describes an experiment to study the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide using manganese dioxide nanoparticles. Manganese dioxide acts as a catalyst to increase the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas. 2) The experiment measured the rate of decomposition under different conditions by collecting oxygen gas volume data over time. Rate constants were calculated from the data and were found to depend on factors like the amount of catalyst used. 3) Manganese dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemical co-precipitation method and characterized. They were found to effectively catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in solution.

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Mohammed Salah Jamal
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83 views11 pages

Exp 1 Catalyst Report

1) The document describes an experiment to study the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide using manganese dioxide nanoparticles. Manganese dioxide acts as a catalyst to increase the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas. 2) The experiment measured the rate of decomposition under different conditions by collecting oxygen gas volume data over time. Rate constants were calculated from the data and were found to depend on factors like the amount of catalyst used. 3) Manganese dioxide nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemical co-precipitation method and characterized. They were found to effectively catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in solution.

Uploaded by

Mohammed Salah Jamal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Technical college of engineering

Duhok polytechnic university


Department of petrochemical engineering

Catalyst lab report


EXP No. 2
Decomposition of H2O2 by MnO2

Prepared by
1.Mohammed Salah
2.Barfee Faqh
3.Falak Ali
4.Rehan Rasheed

Fourth year
Group B (3)
Date:28/10/2020

1
Objective:
► To Calculate the rate constant k
► To understand that a catalyst can be used
to increase a rate of reaction.
► To understand that catalysts are neither
reactants nor products and remain unchanged after
the reaction is complete.
► Investigation of the effect of the increasing of
the amount of catalyst on decomposition of
hydrogen peroxide.
► To understand that catalysts work by offering
an alternative reaction pathway with lower
activation energy.

Abstract:
Catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide on manganese dioxide
nanoparticles was studying under different experimental conditions
such as pH (1,6.5 and 14) and at 15°C Temp. The kinetics of the
reaction was analyzed by first order equation and rate constants were
determined from the slopes of the straight lines. It was observed from
the experimental results that the decomposition rate constant was
found to be dependent on pH. MnO2 nanoparticles used as a catalyst
for decomposition H202 were synthesized by chemical co-precipitation
method. The as-prepared MnO2 nanoparticles were systematically
characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), FTIR and SEM - EDX analysis
techniques. The average particle size of manganese dioxide
nanoparticles was calculated from the XRD study. The average particle
size of MnO2 nanoparticles was 14 nm. The resulting MnO2 were
found to exhibit remarkable environmental catalytic performance in
the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solution.
Introduction:
In recent years nanoscale materials have proved to have unique
properties than its bulk due to large surface to volume ratio. Among
many transition metal oxide, MnO2 nanoparticles as the one of the
most attractive oxide due to its unique properties manganese dioxide
nanoparticle is a low band gap, high optical constant semiconductor
that exhibits ferroelectric and catalytic properties, it has wide
applications, particularly as reversible-cathode for lithium batteries ,a
catalyst for purification of air, in removal of CO from hydrogen rich
fuel cell. MnO2 nanoparticles were prepared by chemical co-
precipitation method because having several advantages like, simple
and rapid preparative method, easy control of particle size and
composition can be made in this method and also there are various
possibilities to modify the particle surface state and overall
homogeneity. Co-precipitation of various salts (nitrates, sulfates,
chlorides, perchlorates etc.) under a fine control PH by using NaOH
solution yields corresponding spinal oxide nanoparticles. In the
present study, MnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical co-
precipitation method. As an important functional metal oxide,
manganese oxide nanoparticles are one of the most attractive
inorganic materials because of its physical and chemical properties
and wide application in catalysis, ion exchange, molecular adsorption,
biosensor, and particularly, energy storage. A catalyst provides an
alternative reaction pathway to the reaction product, the rate of the
reaction is increased as this alternative route has lower activation
energy than the reaction route in the absence if the catalyst.
Procedure:

1.Put (0.05g) MnO2 and (15ml) from (1%) H202 in the conical (A)
and close it immediately, connect it by rubber tube to the burette
and opening time directly.
2.Read (Vt) from burette every (10 sec) nearly (10)
values. 3.Immerse conical(A) in water bath at (40°C) for
(15min).
4.Put conical(A) at room temperature for (2 min) then record
Voo. 5.Repeat a above steps by taking (0.02g) MnO2.

Data & calculation:


For 0.05 g MnO2 For 0.02 g MnO2
Time (Sec.) Vt Time (Sec.) Vt
10 0.4 10 0.4
20 0.8 20 0.6
30 1.2 30 1
40 1.6 40 1.2
50 2 50 1.4
60 2.2 60 1.8
70 2.4 70 1.8
80 2.4 80 2
90 2.6 90 2
100 2.8 100 2.2

Note Vt = reading on burette at Time - 100


Calculation & Results:
For 0.05 g of MnO2

Time (Sec.) Vt = x V∞ - Vt = (a-x) Ln (V∞ - V)


10 0.4 2.4 0.875
20 0.8 2 0.693
30 1.2 1.6 0.470
40 1.6 1.2 0.187
50 2 0.8 -0.223
60 2.2 0.6 -0.511
70 2.4 0.4 -0.916
80 2.4 0.4 -0.916
90 2.6 0.2 -1.609
100 2.8 0 E

For 0.02 g of MnO2

Time (Sec.) Vt = x V∞ - Vt = (a-x) Ln (V∞ - V)


10 0.4 1.8 0.588
20 0.6 1.6 0.470
30 1 1.2 0.182
40 1.2 1 0
50 1.4 0.8 -0.223
60 1.8 0.4 -0.916
70 1.8 0.4 -0.916
80 2 0.2 -1.609
90 2 0.2 -1.609
100 2.2 0 E
Results on graph:
For 0.05 g of MnO2
1.5

1
f(x) = − 0.03 x + 1.3
0.5
Ln (V∞ - Vt)

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2
Time (Sec.)
For 0.02 g of MnO2
1

0.5 f(x) = − 0.03 x + 1.06

0
Ln (V∞ - Vt)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120
-0.5

-1

-1.5

-2
Time (Sec.)

Final Results
From Graph #1

K = Slope = - 0.0304
Ln (V∞) = Intercept = 1.3018

By the equation
ln ( V ∞−Vt )=ln ( V ∞ )−Kt
Y = - Kt + ln ( V ∞ )
So
Y = +0.0304t + 1.3018
From Graph #2

K = Slope = - 0.0302
Ln (V∞) = Intercept = 1.0633

By the equation
ln ( V ∞−Vt )=ln ( V ∞ )−Kt

Y = - Kt + ln ( V ∞ )
So
Y = +0.0302t + 1.0633

Conclusion & Discussion:

In this lab experiment we study the decomposition of H2o2 by the


Mno2 we need the 0.05g in the first reaction and second reaction we
need the 0.02g Mno2 for both of the reaction mixing with 15ml the
H2o2 in this experiment we need the water bath so each of the H2O2
decomposed for the O2&H2O after that put conical flask at room
temperature for 2min because make the thermal equilibrium The
Magic Genie demonstrates the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide
into oxygen gas and water vapor . The decomposition is catalyzed by
manganese dioxide (MnO2), which is not changed during the reaction.
It is an exothermic reaction and will evolve a lot of heat. The special
effects in this demonstration are due to a "fog “produced by the
condensation of water droplets in the steam and oxygen gas mixture.

MnO2(s)+2H2o2-->2H2o(l)+O2(g)+Heat energy

The mechanism of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by MnO2 is


believed to involve the production of Mn (ll) and Mn (lll) intermediates,
as well as hydroperoxide ions (H00-) and superoxide anion radicals
(02–). Mn (ll) ions are then rapidly reoxidized to MnO2, resulting in
regeneration of the catalyst.

2H+ + MnO2 +H2o2→ Mn2+ + 2H2o+O2 Mn2+ + 2H2o2→Mn


(OH)2+2H+
.Mn (OH)2 + H2O2 → MnO2 + 2H2O
Discussion:

Q1/ What is the function of manganese dioxide?


Manganese dioxide (MnO2) can also be called manganese (IV)
oxide. This ionic compound can catalyze the decomposition of
hydrogen peroxide. Catalysts decrease the activation energy for
chemical processes.

Q2/ What is the reaction between H202 and MnO2?

MnO2+2H2o2---->2H2o(l)+O2(g)+Heat energy.

The reaction is controlled, slow and persistent such that volumetric


changes can be neglected and the reaction is steady. The reaction
rate is just enough to produce a constant concentration of oxygen in
the body of the flask, coo. Assume the mole fraction of oxygen is 1 in
the flask, and o in the atmosphere. As oxygen gas diffuses through
the neck into the atmosphere, air diffuses back in to the flask.
Q3/ Why do you think water and hydrogen peroxide
have different chemical properties?
But because they have different molecular structures, they have
very different chemical properties: water is a stable molecule, while
hydrogen peroxide is unstable due to the bond between the two
oxygen atoms (this is why over time, hydrogen peroxide will
give off oxygen gas and turn into plain old water).

Q4/ What kind of gas is being given off in this reaction?


How do you know?
Oxygen can be made from hydrogen
peroxide, which decomposes slowly to form
water and oxygen:
hydrogen peroxide → water +
oxygen 2H2O2(aq→ 2H2O(l) + O2(g)
The rate of reaction can be increased using a catalyst, manganese (IV)
oxide. When manganese (IV) oxide is added to hydrogen
peroxide, bubbles of oxygen are given off. To make oxygen in
the laboratory, hydrogen peroxide is poured into a conical flask
containing some manganese (IV) oxide. The gas produced is
collected in an upside-down gas jar filled with water. As the oxygen
collects in the top of the gas jar, it pushes the water out. Instead of
the gas jar and water bath, a gas syringe could be used to collect
the oxygen.

Q5/ Describe what happened in this demonstration.


A hydrogen peroxide solution was poured in a flask. MnO2 enclosed
in filter paper was dropped into the flask and a great deal of steam
and water vapor (fog) was produced .

Q6/ Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?


It is an exothermic reaction.

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