BLESSED CHRISTIAN SCHOOL DE STA. ROSA, INC.

Main: East Drive Village, Pooc, Sta. Rosa City

Annex: Rizal Blvd., Balibago, Sta. Rosa City

Computer Hardware
Servicing
TLE 10

Simulation Module / Dry -Run

Grade 10

Prepared by :Russel Canuela

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 Computers have become a useful part of our everyday lives. The types of computers we use at home or at work are referred
to by varied names such as PCs, microcomputers, workstations, laptops and desktops. These computers are most popularly referred to
as “personal computers” or PCs, the most common type of computer in the world.
Today, an average person uses computer-based assistance several times each day and it becomes an integral part of our
lives. So it is very important to be aware of and understand them.

Direction: List five (5) hardware and software you are familiar with. Write your answer on the bubbles provided below:

System Mother System Application

Unit Board Software Software

Hard
CPU Windows Mac OS
Disc
Drive
Power
Supply Linux
Unit

Know
Know

Unit 2: Installing Computer Systems

Lesson 1: Computer Peripherals/devices/system (Input devices, Output devices, Storage Devices, Cables and
Ports)

As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know the different components of a computer system. These are the
hardware, software and peopleware. Each component plays an important role, without each other computer systems will not work
properly.

1.1 Hardware- the physical, touchable, electronic and mechanical parts of a computer system.

A. Major hardware components of a computer system

The following list represents a basic set of hardware found in most PCs.
1. System Unit- The main part of a microcomputer, sometimes called the chassis. It includes the following parts: Motherboard,
Microprocessor, Memory Chips, Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and Cards.

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Figure 1.
Tower Type System Unit

2. Motherboard / Mainboard / System Board- The main circuit board of a computer. It contains all the circuits and components
that run the computer.

Figure 2. Modern Motherboard

3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) - The processor is the main “brain” or “heart” of a computer system. It performs all of the
instructions and calculations that are needed and manages the flow of information through a computer.

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 Figure 3. Examples of CPU (Intel Core 2 Duo and AMD Athlon)

4. Primary storage- (internal storage, main memory or memory) is the computer's working storage space that holds data,
instructions for processing and processed data (information) waiting to be sent to secondary storage.

Two (2) Types of Memory

a. ROM – (Read Only Memory) ROM is non-volatile, meaning it holds data even when the power is ON or OFF.

b. RAM – (Random Access Memory) RAM is volatile, meaning it holds data only when the power is on. When the power is off,
RAM's contents are lost.

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 Figure 4. Examples of RAM

5. Expansion Bus - A bus is a data pathway between several hardware components inside or outside a computer. It does not
only connect the parts of the CPU to each other, but also links the CPU with other important hardware.

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 Figure 5. Expansion Bus

6. Adapters- Printed-circuit boards (also called interface cards) that enable the computer to use a peripheral device for which it
does not have the necessary connections or circuit boards. They are often used to permit upgrading to a new different hardware.

Figure 6. Adapter (Network Adapter)

7. Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Installed in the back corner of the PC case, next to the motherboard. It converts 120vac (standard
house power) into DC voltages that are used by other components in the PC.

Figure 7. Power supply

8. Hard Disk Drive (HDD) - Also known as hard drive, is a magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer. The
hard drive is used as permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and
contains the operating system and applications.

Figure 8. Power supply

9. Optical Drive- An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media. There are three types of
optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).

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 Figure 9. CD ROM

10. Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) - Designed to optically access data stored on a DVD. A laser moves back and forth near the disk

surface and accesses data at a very fast rate.

Figure 10. CD ROM

B. Input Devices - Accepts data and instructions from the user or from another computer system.

Two (2) Types of Input Devices

1. Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the computer through a keyboard.

Keyboard - The first input device developed for the PC. Data is transferred to the PC over a short cable with a circular 6-pin
Mini-din connector that plugs into the back of the motherboard.

Figure 11. Keyboard

2. Direct Entry – A form of input that does not require data to be keyed by someone sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices create
machine-readable data on paper, or magnetic media, or feed it directly into the computer’s CPU.

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 Three Categories of Direct Entry Devices

1. Pointing Devices - An input device used to move the pointer (cursor) on screen.

• Mouse - The most common 'pointing device' used in PCs. Every mouse has two buttons and most have one or two scroll wheels.

Figure 12. Mouse

o Touch screen- A display screen that is sensitive to the touch of a finger or stylus. Used in myriad applications, including
ATM machines, retail point-of-sale terminals, car navigation and industrial controls. The touch screen became wildly
popular for smart phones and tablets.

Figure 13. Touch Screen Devices

• Light Pen - A light-sensitive stylus wired to a video terminal used to draw pictures or select menu options. The user brings the pen
to the desired point on screen and presses the pen button to make contact.

Figure 14. Light Pen

• Digitizer Tablet - A graphics drawing tablet used for sketching new images or tracing old ones. Also called a "graphics tablet," the
user contacts the surface of the

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 device with a wired or wireless pen or puck.
Often mistakenly called a mouse, the puck is
officially the "tablet
cursor."

Figure 15. Digitizer Tablet

2. Scanning Devices- A device that can read text or illustrations printed on paper and translates the information into a form the
computer can use.

Figure 16. Image scanner

Figure 17. Bar Code Reader

3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input devices also known as speech or voice recognition systems that allow a user to send
audio signals to a computer for processing, recording, or carrying out commands. Audio input devices such as microphones allow
users to speak to the computer in order to record a voice message or navigate software.

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 Figure 18. Microphones

C. Output Devices - Any piece of computer hardware that displays results after the computer has processed the input data that has
been entered.

1. Computer Display Monitor- It displays information in visual form, using text and graphics. The portion of the monitor that displays
the information is called the screen or video display terminal.
Types of Monitor
a. CRT Monitors - Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT) were the only type of displays for use with desktop PCs. They are relatively big (14" to
16" deep) and heavy (over 15 lbs).

Figure 19. Cathode Ray Tube Monitor

b. LCD Monitors - Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology has been used in laptops for some time. It has recently been made
commercially available as monitors for desktop PCs.

Figure 20. Liquid Crystal Display Monitor

c. LED Monitors (Light Emitting Diode) - A display and lighting technology used in almost every electrical and electronic product on
the market, from a tiny on/off light to digital readouts, flashlights, traffic lights and perimeter lighting.
Figure 21. Light Emitting Diode Monitor

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Figure
2. LCD Projectors- utilize two sheets of polarizing material with a liquid crystal solution between them. An electric current passed
through the liquid causes the crystals to align so that light cannot pass through them. Each crystal, therefore, is like a shutter, either
allowing light to pass through or blocking the light.

22. LCD Projector

3. Smart Board - A type of display screen that has a touch sensitive transparent panel covering the screen, which is simlar to a touch
screen.

Figure 23. Smart Board

4. Printer - A device that prints text or illustrations on paper.

Types of printer

• Ink-Jet or Bubble-Jet Printer - bprays ink at a sheet of paper. Ink-jet printers produce high-quality text and graphics.

Figure 24. Ink- Jet Printer

• Laser Printer - Uses the same technology as copy machines. Laser printers produce very high
quality text and graphics.

Figure 25. Laser Printer

• LCD and LED Printer- Similar to a laser printer, but uses liquid
crystals or light-emitting diodes rather than a laser to produce an image on the drum.

Figure 26. LCD Printer

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• Line Printer - Contains a chain of characters or pins that print an entire line at one time. Line printers are very fast, but produce
low-quality print.

Figure 27.
Line Printer

• Thermal Printer- An inexpensive printer that works by pushing heated pins against heat-sensitive
paper. Thermal printers are widely used in calculators and fax machines.

Figure 28. Thermal Printer

5. Speakers - Used to play sound. They may be built into the system unit or connected with cables. Speakers allow you to listen to
music and hear sound effects from your computer.
D. Ports - External connecting sockets on the outside of the computer. This is a pathway into and out of the computer. A port lets
users plug in outside peripherals, such as monitors, scanners and printers.

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Table 1 . The Ports and their function
Type of Port Function Illustration
Serial Port Intended for serial type
mouse and older
camera
Parallel Port Also called as printer port.
This is only for old
model printer. It has
25 pins. It is a female
port.
VGA (Video Graphic Used to connect monitors.
Array) Port It has 15 pins and it is
a female port.

USB (Universal Serial High speed serial interface

Bus) Port that is used with
almost all devices. It
is used to connect
latest model printers,
pen drives, cell
phones etc. it has 4
pins.

PS/2 Port Simple, 6-pin, low-speed

serial connections
commonly dedicated
to a keyboard and
mouse.
Power Port Intended for power cord.

Type of Port Function Illustration

S-Video Port S-Video connections are
available on certain

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 source components
and video display
devices, and offer a
higher level of video
performance over
composite video
signals.
Audio Port Intended for plugging in the
speaker or headset.

LAN (Local Area A physical interface often

Networking) Port used for terminating
twisted pair type
cables used to
connect computers
onto a local-area
networks (LAN),
especially Ethernet
RJ-45 connectors

E. Cables and Wires- A cable is most often two or more wires running side by side and bonded, twisted or braided together to
form a single assembly, but can also refer to a heavy strong rope.
Table 2. The Cables and Connectors

Illustration Function
These jacks are intended for
the PS/2 port specifically
for PS/2 type of
keyboard and mouse.

This type of jack is intended

for the audio and
microphone port.

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 Illustration Function
S-video jack is obviously for
S-Video port

This monitor jack is intended

for the VGA (Video
Graphic Array) port

This USB (Universal Serial

Bus) plug is intended for
USB port. Modern or
new model of
peripherals like printer,
camera, scanners and
even other portable
computer attachments
used USB type of plugs.

This printer cable jack is

intended for the parallel
port.

RJ45 ("RJ" in RJ45 stands for

"registered jack," since it
is a standardized
networking interface and
the "45" simply refers to
the number of the
interface standard) is a
type of connector

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 commonly used for
networking.

Illustration Function

Power cord is the most

important cord because
it connects the computer
to the main source of
electricity to make it
functional.

1.2 Software is the set of instructions (also called a program) that guides the hardware to operate effectively. Software can be split into
two main types:

1. System Software – Any software required to support the production or execution of application programs, but which is not specific
to any particular application. Common operating systems include Windows, the Macintosh OS, OS/2 and UNIX.

LINUX
MAC

WINDOWS

2. Application Software – Designed to help the user to perform singular or multiple related tasks. Examples of application software
are as follows:
a. Word processing software - Creates, edits, saves, and prints documents. Example: MS Word, WordPerfect, Ami Pro,
MacWrite.

b. Spreadsheet software - An electronic spreadsheet consisting of rows and columns is used to present and analyze data.
Example: MS Excel, Lotus 123, Quattro Pro.

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 c. Database management software - Used to structure a database, a large collection of computer programs. Data is organized
as fields and records for easy retrieval. Example: MS Access, dBase, Fox Pro, Oracle.

d. Graphic software - Graphics programs display results of data manipulation for easier analysis and presentation. Example:
Macromedia Flash, Harvard Graphics, 3D Studio Max, Adobe Photoshop

1.3 People ware - Refers to people involved in the data processing operations such as the system
administrator, office workers, students and others.

BINARY SYSTEM:

How does the Computer works?

Watch this video to learn more about the binary system.

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xpk67YzOn5w&t=101s

Process

A. Direction: Given the different cables, identify their functions as well as the part of computer system each one supports.

USB PORT Parallel Port

VGA PORT

Power Chord

Audio Jack

S-Video Port

PS/2 Port

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 RJ45 Jack

B. Direction: In the puzzle below, look for the 10 hidden computer components and give their role on the computer system.

REVEAL THE PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

C G M M Q F Y L W K C P A H K H G C N H
P O R K I R X N A A O A U A K B M P H U
Z A M Z W G W P X W A F V R Q V X U M Y
Q U I P R Y P T E X V I R D B W A O R B
I R T B A R S R U Y L G R D V J B O C U
A O N R D C S G S I L N H I Q S M I L X
C U H L Q U T Z G D C J F S E E J K O U
N H X S P U P D A K O Z X K M T Y U Z S
G H L P F H G P I Z T A F D O U U F T R
A S L W W T R A O S Q F A R E H B G M O
R Y B E A E M J I X K P I I X E C F H T
E S A C M E T S Y S D D E V W T I D V I
K W M I Q K K I S I O R R E I L D F F N
L E I O M E H Y A S K S A I I D G Z K O
M Q U N D H M R W O Q U H O V K T M J M
W P T H E R M K Z W J U B J B E A P Q Z
K Z Z M L H M O U S E C K Y C Y V Y S D
Y B Y V X E W P L Q Q Y O V N H E Z H D
R N F H T U B U G L S N P F J W N K N J
M J G N Y H V J D U G F L U X O M K D A

1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.

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 Know
Know
Transfer
Direction: Draw and label the different hardware of a computer. After drawing and labeling the hardware components, group them into
Input Devices, Output Devices and Storage Devices.
PERSONAL COMPUTER

Lesson 2: MOTHERBOARD

Motherboard
Alternatively referred to as the mb, mainboard, mboard, mobo, mobd, backplane board, base board, main circuit board, planar
board, system board, or a logic board on Apple computers. The motherboard is a printed circuit board and foundation of a
computer that is the biggest board in a computer chassis. It allocates power and allows communication to and between the CPU, RAM,
and all other computer hardware components.

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 Motherboard overview
A motherboard provides connectivity between the hardware components of a computer, like the processor (CPU), memory (RAM), hard
drive, and video card. There are multiple types of motherboards, designed to fit different types and sizes of computers.

Each type of motherboard is designed to work with specific types of processors and memory, so they don’t work with every processor
and type of memory. However, hard drives are mostly universal and work with the majority of motherboards, regardless the type of
brand.

Below is a picture of motherboard with labels next to each of its major components.

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 Motherboard components
1. EXPANSION SLOT (PCI SLOTS)
- Alternatively known as a bus slot or expansion port, an expansion slot is a connection or port inside a computer on
the motherboard or riser card. It provides an installation point for a hardware expansion card to be connected. For example, if you
wanted to install a new video card in the computer, you'd purchase a video expansion card and install that card into the compatible
expansion slot.

2. Back Panel Connectors

- The back panel is the portion of the motherboard that allows you to connect external devices, such as
your monitor, speakers, keyboard, and mouse.
The picture below is an example of what the connections look like on the back panel. If you've never seen a motherboard, you can identify these as the connections found on the back of every computer.

3. CPU/Processor socket
- When referring to a processor, a CPU socket or processor socket is a connection that allows a computer processor to connect to a motherboard.

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 CPU SOCKETS COMPATIBILITIES

Pin Bus Frequency

Socket CPU families Frequency (MHz)
count (MHz)

Slot 1 / SC242 242 Intel Celeron 233 - 1000 66 – 133

Intel Pentium II
Intel Pentium III

Socket 7 321 AMD K5 / K6 / K6-2 / K6-III 75 - 570 50 – 100

Cyrix 6x86, 6x86L, 6x86MX, MII
IBM 6x86, 6x86L, 6x86MX
IDT Winchip 2, Winchip C6
Intel Pentium, Pentium MMX
Rise Technology MP6
ST 6x86

Socket 370 / PGA370 370 Intel Celeron 300 - 1500 66 – 133

Intel Pentium III
VIA C3

Socket 423 / PGA423 423 Intel Pentium 4 1300 - 2000 400

Socket 462 / A 462 AMD Athlon 600 - 2333 200 – 400

AMD Athlon MP
AMD Athlon XP
AMD Athlon XP-M
AMD Duron
AMD Geode NX
AMD Mobile Athlon 4
AMD Mobile Duron
AMD Sempron

Socket 478 / mPGA478B 478 Intel Celeron 1200 - 3467 400 – 800
Intel Celeron D
Intel Embedded Celeron
Intel Mobile Celeron
Intel Mobile Pentium 4
Intel Mobile Pentium 4-M
Intel Pentium 4
Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edition

Socket 479 / mPGA479M 479 Intel Mobile Celeron 733 - 2000 133 – 533
Intel Mobile Pentium III-M
VIA C7-M

Socket 563 / PGA563 563 AMD Athlon XP-M 1000 - 1833 200 – 333

Socket 754 754 AMD Athlon 64 1000 - 2600 800 (HT)

AMD Mobile Athlon 64
AMD Mobile K8 Athlon XP-M
AMD Mobile Sempron
AMD Sempron
AMD Turion 64 Mobile technology

Socket 775 / T / LGA775 775 Intel Celeron 1600 - 3800 533 – 1600
Intel Celeron D
Intel Celeron Dual-Core
Intel Core 2 Duo
Intel Core 2 Extreme
Intel Core 2 Quad
Intel Pentium 4

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 Pin Bus Frequency
Socket CPU families Frequency (MHz)
count (MHz)

Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edition

Intel Pentium D
Intel Pentium Dual-Core
Intel Pentium Extreme Edition
Intel Xeon

Socket 939 939 AMD Athlon 64 1800 - 3000 800 (HT)

AMD Athlon 64 FX
AMD Athlon 64 X2
AMD Dual-Core Opteron
AMD Opteron
AMD Sempron

Socket 940 940 AMD Athlon 64 FX 1400 - 3000  

AMD Dual-Core Opteron
AMD Opteron

Socket 1150 / H3 / LGA1150 1150 Intel Celeron Dual-Core 1100 - 4000  

Intel Core i3
Intel Core i5
Intel Core i7
Intel Pentium Dual-Core
Intel Xeon

Socket 1151 / H4 / LGA1151 1151 Intel Celeron Dual-Core 1700 - 4200  

Intel Core i3
Intel Core i5
Intel Core i7
Intel Core i9
Intel Pentium Dual-Core
Intel Xeon
Intel Xeon E

Socket 1155 / H2 / LGA1155 1155 Intel Celeron Dual-Core 1200 - 3700  

Intel Core i3
Intel Core i5
Intel Core i7
Intel Pentium Dual-Core
Intel Xeon

Socket 1156 / H1 / LGA1156 1156 Intel Celeron Dual-Core 1867 - 3600  

Intel Core i3
Intel Core i5
Intel Core i7
Intel Pentium Dual-Core
Intel Xeon

Socket 1366 / B / LGA1366 1366 Intel Core i7 1600 - 4400 2400 (QPI) - 3200 (QPI)
Intel Core i7 Extreme Edition
Intel Xeon

Socket AM2 940 AMD Athlon 64, Athlon 64 FX, 1000 - 3200  
Athlon 64 X2, Mobile Athlon 64 X2,
K8 Sempron, Phenom X3,
Phenom X4, Second Generation Opteron

Socket FM1 905 AMD A4-Series 2100 - 3000  

AMD A6-Series
AMD A8-Series

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 Pin Bus Frequency
Socket CPU families Frequency (MHz)
count (MHz)

AMD Athlon II X2
AMD Athlon II X4
AMD E2-Series
AMD Sempron X2

Socket FM2 904 AMD A10-Series 2100 - 4100  

AMD A4-Series
AMD A6-Series
AMD A8-Series
AMD Athlon X2
AMD Athlon X4
AMD FX-Series
AMD FirePro
AMD Sempron X2

Socket FM2+ 906 AMD A10-Series 3000 - 4100  

AMD A4-Series
AMD A6-Series
AMD A8-Series
AMD Athlon X2
AMD Athlon X4
AMD FX-Series

Socket FS1 722 AMD A4-Series for Notebooks 1400 - 2300  

AMD A6-Series for Notebooks
AMD A8-Series for Notebooks
AMD E2-Series for Notebooks

Socket G1 / rPGA988A 988 Intel Core i3 Mobile 1600 - 2800  

Intel Core i5 Mobile
Intel Core i7 Mobile
Intel Core i7 Mobile Extreme Edition
Intel Mobile Celeron Dual-Core
Intel Pentium Dual-Core Mobile

Socket G2 / rPGA988B 988 Intel Core i3 Mobile 1500 - 3000  

Intel Core i5 Mobile
Intel Core i7 Mobile
Intel Core i7 Mobile Extreme Edition
Intel Mobile Celeron Dual-Core
Intel Mobile Pentium
Intel Pentium Dual-Core Mobile

Socket G3 / rPGA946B 946 Intel Core i3 Mobile 2000 - 3100  

Intel Core i5 Mobile
Intel Core i7 Mobile
Intel Core i7 Mobile Extreme Edition
Intel Mobile Celeron Dual-Core
Intel Pentium Dual-Core Mobile

Socket M / mPGA478MT 478 Intel Celeron M 1467 - 2333 533 – 667

Intel Core 2 Duo Mobile
Intel Core Duo
Intel Core Solo
Intel Pentium Dual-Core Mobile

Socket S1 (S1g4) 638 AMD Athlon II Dual-Core Mobile 1600 - 3200 1600 (HT) - 1800 (HT)
AMD Phenom II Dual-Core Mobile
AMD Phenom II Quad-Core Mobile

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 Pin Bus Frequency
Socket CPU families Frequency (MHz)
count (MHz)

AMD Phenom II Triple-Core Mobile

AMD Sempron Mobile
AMD Turion II Dual-Core Mobile
AMD V Series for Notebook PCs

4. Memory Slot
- A memory slot, memory socket, or RAM slot is what allows RAM (computer memory) to be inserted into the computer. Most motherboards have
two to four memory slots, which determine the type of RAM used with the computer.

5. Cmos /Bios Battery

- Alternatively referred to as the RTC (real-time clock), NVRAM (non-volatile RAM) or CMOS RAM, CMOS is short for complementary metal-oxide
semiconductor. CMOS is an onboard, battery powered semiconductor chip inside computers that stores information. This information ranges from the
system time and date to system hardware settings for your computer

6. Northbridge Chipset

7. Southbridge Chipset

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8. IDE slot/IDE bank/PATA slot
- Pata is the drive controller on the motherboard that supports both PATA/IDE hard drives and Pata CD-ROM and Pata dvd-rom devices.

8. SATA slot/SATA bank

- Sata is the drive controller on the motherboard that supports both SATA hard drives and SATA CD-ROM and SATA dvd-rom devices.

9. 12 volts 4 pin CPU Power Connector/ 4 pin Power Connector

10. 20/24 Pins Power Connector

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11. Front Panel Connector
The front panel header/Connector is where the connectors of hard disk drive activity lights, case speaker, reset button, power on/off button, computer
power on light, and key lock, are connected to make them function smoothly

TAKE NOTE: Motherboards have different styles/ designs.

Motherboard Form Factors

The form factor determines the specifications on how a motherboard is built, from the size, shape, casing, power supply, mounting
holes, and the overall layout.

The most common form factor is ATX, which evolved to mini-ATX, nano-ATX, pico-ATX, and further. A different type of form factor, and
smaller than the ATX is the ITX, which is significantly smaller than the micro-ATX. The ITX form factor can also be found as nano-ITX, pico-
ITX, mobile-ITX, and more.

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Motherboard Brand Names

 ASRock  Acer
 Asus  ACube Systems
 Biostar  Albatron
 EVGA Corporation  AMAX Information Technologies
 Gigabyte Technology  AOpen
 MSI (Micro-Star International)  Colorful
 Intel
Process

A. Direction: Given the different parts of the Motherboard, identify their functions as well.

1.
3.

2. 4.

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5.

C. Identify the parts of the Motherboard.

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