Aim

1. To investigate which manure is better for the cultivation of Pakchoi.

2. To investigate which manure produces a higher yield with a lower cost of production.
 Statement of problem

Manure is a substantial expense in cultivating crops. The researcher has observed that within the past

few years the cultivation of crops was difficult to accomplish due to the use of substandard

manure. The crops produced were sold at a lower cost due to the lower yield produced by

former students.

The researcher is conducting a survey to determine which manure whether organic or inorganic is

better to use to produce a high yield of crops and also to see if this factor can lower the

expenses on the students.

The Pakchoi grown will be measured weekly and have their heights compared at the end of the six

weeks and will further be analyzed and placed for easier interpretation on graphs.
 Experimental design

For the purpose of this investigation, a total of 60 Pak Choi will be planted. The researcher will

cultivate two beds “bed A” and “bed B”, both consisting of 30 Pak Choi each. On each bed

different fertilizer will be administered.

Bed “A” will be cultivated using organic manure (cow manure), while bed “B” will be

cultivated using inorganic manure (urea). Both beds will be cultivated for a period of 6 weeks

prior to reaping. Five seedlings will be selected randomly from both bed and their growth will

be measured and recorded weekly; after which a comparison and analysis will be made. The

researcher will further plot graphs using the results for easier interpretation.
 Project Budget

Income Quantity(Head) Unit Cost ($) Total ($)

Sale of crop 60 200 12000

Total projected income 12000

Expenditure Quantity Unit Cost($) Total ($)

Seeds 1 pack 200 200

Organic manure 6 bags 200 1200

Inorganic manure 5lb 80 400

Garden line 5 yards 30 150

Measuring tape 1 740 740

Packaging bag 1 pack 200 200

gloves 2 pair 80 160

knife 2 360 720

limestone 2lb 100 200

pesticide 1 700 700

file 1 500 500

Projected expenditure 5170

Projected income =total 12000-5170=683

projected income-total 0
projected expenditure
 Actual budget

Income Quantity(Head) Unit Cost ($) Total ($)

Sale of crop 60 240 14400

Total actual income 14400

Expenditure Quantity Unit Cost($) Total ($)

Seeds 1 pack 200 200

Organic manure 6 bags 200 1200

Inorganic manure 6lb 100 600

Garden line 5 yards 40 200

Measuring tape 1 760 760

Packaging bag 1pack 210 210

gloves 2 pair 100 200

knife 2 300 600

limestone 2lb 80 160

pesticide 1 600 600

file 1 480 480

Actual expenditure 5150

Actual budget=total actual
income-total actual 14400-5150=9250
expenditure
 Analysis

Comparison of projected and actual income, expenditure and surplus.

Projected Budget Total($) Actual Budget Total($)

Projected income 12000 Actual income 14400
Projected expenditure 5170 Actual expenditure 5150
Projected surplus 6830 Actual surplus 9250

In this project there was not a loss. In comparison between the projected budget and the actual

budget, the projected income was $12000 while the actual income was $14400.this is as a

result of an increase in the quantity and price of crop. This accounted for the increase in actual

profit.

The projected expenditure was $5170 and the actual expenditure was $5150 because some of

the materials on the projected budget were provided free of cost by the school.

The projected surplus was $6830 while the actual surplus was $9250. The actual surplus was

higher than the projected surplus which indicated a profit.

Upon completion of the project there was an increase of $2420 in the actual surplus, based on

what was projected, even though there was a decrease in expenditure.

 Results
The aims of this experiment support the fact to determine which type of manure is best suited

for the production of high yields of Pakchoi while maintain a low cost of production. Both bed

of Pakchoi were grown for seven (6) weeks. The results obtained are shown below:

Table showing the growth of Pakchoi using organic manure

Length of leaves in cm
Week Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 3 Plant 4 Plant 5
1 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.6
2 1.8 2.1 2.2 1.5 2.0
3 2.0 2.5 2.7 2.7 2.9
4 5.1 4.3 4.7 5.3 5.7
5 7.6 8.3 8.4 7.2 8.8
6 11.3 9.6 12.3 12.2 12.5

Table showing the growth of Pakchoi using inorganic manure

Length of leaves in cm
Week Plant 1 Plant 2 Plant 3 Plant 4 Plant 5
1 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.5
2 2.3 2.6 2.8 3.0 2.4
3 4.0 4.3 4.2 3.7 4.4
4 6.8 7.2 6.3 6.0 6.0
5 11.0 12.3 11.6 13.2 11.7
6 16.3 16.7 17.1 15.9 16.8
 Interpretation of results

Throughout week one (1) there was a fluctuation in the height of the Pakchoi for both beds of

plant. At the end of the week plants growing with inorganic manure showed higher heights.

For week two(2) there was less fluctuation in the heights when compared to week one(1).both

bed of plants had steady heights but those growing with organic manure had higher heights.

Week three (3) shows a rapid increase for plants growing with inorganic manure but a slow

increase of height for the other plant when compared to the heights recorded for week two (2)

Throughout week four (4), five (5) and six (6) there was a rapid increase in both beds of plant

when compared to the previous results. From the results it was observed that growth rate of

plants growing with inorganic manure was more rapid than those receiving organic.
 Table showing the comparison of the average growth of Pakchoi

WEEK AVERAGE ORGANIC AVERAGE INORGANIC

GROWTH/CM GROWTH/CM

1 0.62 0.58
2 1.92 2.62
3 2.56 4.12
4 5.02 6.46
5 8.06 11.96
6 11.58 16.56

Based on the results above it can be seen that the Pakchoi cultivated using inorganic manure,

grows quite faster when compared to those cultivated using organic manure. This occurred

from week 2 to week 6.

 Findings/Observations

The following findings/observations were obtained during the completion of this project:

● Plants that grew with inorganic manure had smaller leaves when compare to plants that

grew with organic manure.

● Plants that grew with inorganic manure produce a high yield when compare to plants

that grew with organic manure.

● Plants that grew with inorganic manure grew faster than those that was cultivated using

organic manure.

● Plants that grew with organic manure had larger leaves when compared to the other

plants.
 Limitations

● The following limitations were obtained during the completion of this project:

● Incorrectly applied inorganic fertilizers caused damage to the plants that they were

applied to.

● Most of the organic manure was washed away due to rainfall.

● The change in weather condition affected the growth of the crop.

● The Pakchoi were attacked by pests.

● Rain leached away the nutrients and minerals needed for the growth of the Pakchoi

● During marketing many consumers had problem with the appearance of the Pakchoi

● On sunny days transpiration exceeded absorption of water by the plant thus resulting in

wilting.
 Recommendations

Based on the results obtained in the experiment, the researcher recommends that:

● Plants should be watered daily to avoid wilting in the heat of the sun.

● A large supply of organic manure should be added to the soil.

● Avoid handling plants when wet.

● Remove and destroy infected plants.

● Plants should be kept cool when the weather is warm and should not sit in direct sun.

● Young plants should be covered during heavy rainfall

 Conclusion

Based on the results obtained it can be concluded that organic manure is better for the cultivation of

Pakchoi ​Since it produces a higher yield with a lower cost of production when compare to inorganic

manure.
 Graph displaying results

Bar graph showing a comparison between the average growth of the Pakchoi using organic and

inorganic manure