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Computer: Generations of Computer First Generation Technology: Features

This document summarizes the history and evolution of computers over five generations from the 1940s to present. It describes the progression from early vacuum tube technology to today's integrated circuits. Key points include: the first generation used vacuum tubes, punch cards and magnetic tape. The second and third generations introduced transistors and integrated circuits, making computers smaller, faster, cheaper and more reliable. The fourth generation saw the advent of microprocessors and high-level programming languages. The fifth generation utilizes nanotechnology and focuses on artificial intelligence.

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Ashraf Jamal
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102 views5 pages

Computer: Generations of Computer First Generation Technology: Features

This document summarizes the history and evolution of computers over five generations from the 1940s to present. It describes the progression from early vacuum tube technology to today's integrated circuits. Key points include: the first generation used vacuum tubes, punch cards and magnetic tape. The second and third generations introduced transistors and integrated circuits, making computers smaller, faster, cheaper and more reliable. The fourth generation saw the advent of microprocessors and high-level programming languages. The fifth generation utilizes nanotechnology and focuses on artificial intelligence.

Uploaded by

Ashraf Jamal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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History of Computers

 Early Calculating device: Abacus used in China about 2400 B.C.


 Napier Bone :
 Pascline Machine:
 Difference Engine
 Analytical Engine
 Tabulating Machine
 ABC Computer
 Mark-1 Compputer
 ENIAC
Computer:

Generations of Computer

First Generation (1946-1959 )


Technology : Vacuum tube
Features:
 Batch processing operating system was used. Punch cards, paper tape, and magnetic tape was used
as input and output devices Supported machine language only
 Very costly
 Generated a lot of heat
 Huge size
 Consumed a lot of electricity
Computers :
ENIAC EDVAC EDSAC

IBM-701 IBM-650

Second Generation (1959-1965 )


 Technology : Transistor
Features:
 Reliable in comparison to first generation computers
 Smaller size as compared to first generation computers
 Generated less heat as compared to first generation computers
 Consumed less electricity as compared to first generation computers
 Faster than first generation computers
 Still very costly
 AC required
 Supported machine and assembly languages
Computers :
IBM 1620 IBM 7094 CDC 1604 UNIVAC 1108

IBM-701 IBM-650
Third Generation (1965-1971 )
 Technology : Small Scale Integration (SSI) Integrated Chip (IC)
Features:
 More reliable in comparison to previous two generations
 Smaller size
 Generated less heat
 Faster
 Lesser maintenance
 Costly
 AC required
 Consumed lesser electricity
 Supported high-level language
Computers :
 IBM-360 series
 Honeywell-6000 series
 PDP (Personal Data Processor)

Fourth Generation ( 1971 - 1980 )


 Technology : Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) microprocessor chip.
Features:
time sharing, real time networks, distributed operating system were used. All the high-level languages like C, C++, DBASE
etc., were used in this generation
Computers :

 STAR 1000
 PDP 11
 CRAY-1(Super Computer)
 CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)

Fifth Generation ( 1980 - Onwards )


 Technology : Ultra Large Scale Integration ( ULSI) , Nano Technolgoy
Features:
All the high-level languages like C and C++, Java, .Net etc., are used in this generation.
AI includes:
 Robotics
 Neural Networks
 Game Playing
 Development of expert systems to make decisions in real-life situations
 Natural language understanding and generation
Computers :
 Desktop
 Laptop
 NoteBook
 UltraBook
 ChromeBook

Characteristics of Computer
 High Speed
o Computer is a very fast device.
o It is capable of performing calculation of very large amount of data.
 Accuracy
o Computers are very accurate.
 Storage Capability
o It can store large amount of data.
o It can store any type of data such as images, videos, text, audio, etc.
 Diligence
o A computer is free from tiredness, and lack of concentration.
o It can work continuously without any error and boredom.
 Versatility
o A computer is a very versatile machine.
o It can be used for variety of applications .
 Reliability
o A computer is a reliable machine.
o Modern electronic components have long lives
 No I.Q.
o A computer is a machine that has no intelligence.
o Each instruction has to be given to the computer.
 No Feeling
o Computers have no feelings or emotions.

Application of Computers

 Business
 Banking
 Insurance
 Education
 Entertainment
 Research and Development
 Whether forecasting
 Healthcare
 Engineering design
 Communication
Block Diagram of Computer :

Types of Computer ( On the basis of Circuitry ):


 Digital Computer
 Analog Computer
 Hybrid Computer

Types of Computer ( On the basis of its size, cost and speed ):


 Super Computer
 Mainframe Computer
 Mini Computer
 Mini Computer
 Micro Computer
 Workstation

Hardware :

 Input Device:
o Keyboard,
o Optical Input Device
 Mouse

 Processing Device
o CPU
o Parts of CPU
 MU
 CU
 ALU

 Output Device
o Soft Copy Output Device
 VDU
o Hard Copy Output Device
 Printer
 Impact Printer
o Dot Matrix Printer
o Daisy Wheel Printer
o Drum Printer
o Chain Printer
 Non-Impact Printer
o Ink Jet Printer
o Laser Printer
o Thermal Printer
o Plotter
o Speaker
o
 Storage Device
o Primary / Main Memory
o Types of Primary Memory
 Volatile
 RAM (Random Access Memory / Read Write Memory)
o Types of RAM
 Static RAM
 Dynamic RAM
o Cache Memory
 Non-Volatile
o ROM
 Types of ROM
 PROM
 EPROM
 EEPROM
 Secondary Memory / Auxiliary Memory
o Magnetic Memory
 Hard Disk
 Floppy Disk
 Zip Disk
 Magnetic Tape
o Optical Memory
 CD
 DVD
 Blue Ray Disc
o Flash Memory
 SD Card
 Pen Drive
Memory Unit :

Speed of RAM, CPU:

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