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Mathematics - Grade 10 Week 6 Division of Polynomials, Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem

This document provides examples and explanations of division of polynomials, synthetic division, the remainder theorem, and the factor theorem. It includes 10 practice problems applying these concepts, such as finding quotients and remainders using long division and synthetic division, determining remainders using the remainder theorem, evaluating polynomials for given values, and identifying factors of polynomials using the factor theorem.

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Jemil Christian G. Jolindon
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61 views4 pages

Mathematics - Grade 10 Week 6 Division of Polynomials, Remainder Theorem and Factor Theorem

This document provides examples and explanations of division of polynomials, synthetic division, the remainder theorem, and the factor theorem. It includes 10 practice problems applying these concepts, such as finding quotients and remainders using long division and synthetic division, determining remainders using the remainder theorem, evaluating polynomials for given values, and identifying factors of polynomials using the factor theorem.

Uploaded by

Jemil Christian G. Jolindon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATHEMATICS – Grade 10

WEEK 6
DIVISION OF POLYNOMIALS, REMAINDER THEOREM AND FACTOR
THEOREM

I. Division of Polynomials
In Algebra, polynomial long division is an algorithm for dividing a polynomial by another
polynomial.

1. Perform this using long division: (x3 + 4x2 + 5x + 2) ÷ (x + 2)


Solution:
x3 + 4x2 + 5x + 2 Arrange the terms in descending order

x +2 √ x 3 +4 x 2 +5 x+ 2 Set up the division problem

x2
x + 2 x3 + 4x2 + 5x + 2 x3 divided by x is x2

x2
x + 2 x3 + 4x2 + 5x + 2 Multiply x + 2 by x2
- ( x3 + 2x2) subtract
2x2 + 5x Bring down the next term 5x

x2 + 2x 2x2 divided by x is 2x
x + 2 x3 + 4x2 + 5x + 2
x3+ 2x2
2x2 + 5x
- (2x2 + 4x) Multiply x+2 by 2x
x+2 Subtract. Bring down the next term

x2 + 2x + 1 x divided by x is 1
x + 2 x3 + 4x2 + 5x + 2
x3+ 2x2
2x2 + 5x
- (2x2 + 4x)
x+2
- (x + 2) Multiply x+2 by 1
Remainder 0 Subtract

Therefore, (x3 + 4x2 + 5x + 2) ÷ (x + 2) = x2 + 2x + 1

II. Synthetic Division

It is a simplified method for dividing a polynomial by another polynomial of the first degree by
writing down only the coefficients of the several powers of the variable and changing the sign of
the constant term in the divisor so as to replace the usual subtraction by additions.

1. Perform this using synthetic division: (2 + 4x2 + x3 + 5x) ÷ (x + 2)

Solution:
Arrange the indices in descending order
2 + 4x2 + x3 + 5x x3 + 4x2 + 5x + 2
x+2 x+2

Write down the coefficients only of the dividend and change the sign of the constant in the
divisor
−2 1 4 5 2

Bring down the first coefficient of the dividend


−2 1 4 5 2

1
Multiply, Add, Repeat
−2 1 4 5 2 (1) (-2) = -2

−2 (4) + (-2) =2
1 2

−2 1 4 5 2 (2) (-2) = -4

−2 −4 (5) + (-4) = 1
1 2 1

−2 1 4 5 2 (1) (-2) = -2

−2 −4 −2 (2) + (-2) = 0
1 2 1 0
The numbers in the last row make up your coefficients of the quotient as well as the
remainder.  The final value on the right is the remainder.  Working right to left, the next number is
your constant, the next is the coefficient for x, the next is the coefficient for x squared, etc...
The degree of the quotient is one less than the degree of the dividend.

−2 1 4 5 2

−2 −4 −2
1 2 1 0
x2 + 2x + 1 remainder
Therefore, (2 + 4x2 + x3 + 5x) ÷ (x + 2) = x2 + 2x + 1

III. Remainder Theorem


If a polynomial P(x) is divided by the binomial x−c , then the remainder obtained is P(c).
Example 1:
If P(x) = x 3−2 x 2+3 x−6 divided by (x – 2).
Solution:
Equate the divisor to 0 and solve the value of x
x–2=0
x=2
then, the remainder can be determined by finding P(2)
P( x ) = x 3−2 x 2+3 x−6
P ( 2 )=(2)3−2 ¿
¿ 8−2 ( 4 ) +3 ( 2 )−6
¿ 8−8+6−6
¿ 14−14
¿0
Therefore, the remainder is 0.
Example 2:
If P(x) = 2 x3 + 4 x 2+ 3 x +1 divided by ( x +2).
Solution:
Equate the divisor to 0 and solve the value of x
x+2=0
x = −2
then, the remainder can be determined by finding P (−2 )
P ( x ) =2 x 3 +4 x2 +3 x +1
P (−2 )=2(−2)3 +4 ¿
¿ 2 (−8 ) +4 ( 4 )+ 3 (−2 )+ 1
¿−16+16−6+1
¿−22+17
¿−5 Therefore, the remainder is −5.

IV. Factor Theorem


The binomial ( x−c) is a factor of the polynomial f (x) if only if f ( c ) =0
If a polynomial P(x) divide by (x – c), then we will get a zero remainder.
Example:
Let P ( x ) =2 x 3−x 2−x +2. Show that ( x +1) is a factor of P ( x ) .
Equate the divisor to 0 and solve the value of x
x+1=0
x = −1

then, the remainder can be determined by finding P (−1 )


P ( x ) =2 x 3−x 2−x +2
P (−1 )=2(−1)3−(−1 )2− (−1 )+ 2
¿ 2 (−1 )−( 1 )−(−1 ) +2
¿−2−1+1+2
¿ 3−3
¿0
Therefore, ( x +1) is a factor of (2 x ¿ ¿3−x 2−x+ 2) ¿

A. Answer the following correctly. Write the answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Find the Quotient and Remainder of 2. Find the Quotient and Remainder of
( x ¿ ¿ 3+ x 2−5 x−2)by (x−2) ¿ using ( 3 x−2+ x 3 −6 x2 ) by ( x−1)
Long Division. using Long Division.

Q(x)=

R=

3. Find the Quotient and Remainder of 4. Use Synthetic Division to find the remainder of
(−5 x + x ¿ ¿3−2+ x 2)by (x−2)¿ using ( x 3 +3 x2 −3 ) ÷ ( x−1 ) .
Synthetic Division.

Q(x)=
R=
R=

5. Find the remainder of 6. Given P(x) = 4 x 4−3 x 3−x 2+ 2 x−10 . What is


( x 3+ 2 x 2−4 x+ 3 ¿ divided by ( x +2) the value of P(1).
using Remainder Theorem.

R= P ( 1 )=¿

7. Given P(x) =2 x3 +3 x 2−4 x−5. What is the value 8. Let P ( x ) =x3 −2 x 2−2 x−3. Show that
of P(3) ? ( x−3) is a factor of P ( x ) ?

P ( 3 )=¿

9. What is the remainder when 10. What is the other factor of


300 100
( 4 x −3 x −2 x −2 x −4 )25 22 (x – 2) to get ( x 4 + x 3−4 x2 −3 x −2)?
divided by ( x −1 ) ?
R=

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