Identification of Invertebrate Taxonomic Character

IDENTIFICATION OF INVERTEBRATE TAXONOMIC
CHARACTER
By :
Name : Muhamad Faiz Athallah
Student ID : B1B018050
Entourage :I
Group :1
Assisten : Harditya Firdhaus
ANIMAL SYSTEMATICS I LABORATORY REPORT
MINISTRY OF RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY, AND HIGHER EDUCATIO

JENDERAL SOEDIRMAN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF BIOLOGY
PURWOKERTO
2019
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Background
Taxonomies are changes that are used to classify something according to a

decision with another. In the field of science, for example, taxonomy is a means used
to classify plants and animals in a systematic and logical order (Bastable, 2002).
Systematics is defined as a scientific study of the types and diversity of living things
and some or all of their relationships occur between them (Simpson, 1961). In its
development, the word taxonomy and systematic are often used as equivalent, with
the same understanding. When in fact taxonomy and systematics have differences
that taxonomy only discusses a species into taxa, while systematics discusses the
characteristics of these species such as habitat, morphology, physiology, etc., but in
essence taxonomy and systematic learning cannot be separated. Classification of a
species requires taxonomic character (Wahid, 2012).
Taxonomic character is a unique attribute used to recognize a taxa that
distinguishes it from other taxa. These attributes serve as the basis for grouping
creatures into particular taxa. Character can be in the form of color, shape and
structure of certain organs of a taxa (Wahid, 2012).Recognize and study living things
as a whole is not easy so a classification (grouping) of living things is made. The
classification of living things is a way of sorting and grouping living things into
certain categories or units. The order of classification of living things from the lowest
level (now used) is Domain (Region), Kingdom (Phylum), Phylum or Phylum
(animal) / Division (plant), Classis (Class), Order (Nation), Family (Tribe), Genus
(genus), and Species (type) (Jasin, 1989).
Invertebrates are included in the kingdom Animalia, a large kingdom consisting
of more than one million species that are well known (Meglitsch, 1972). The
classification also seeks knowledge about kinship with other organizations.
Invertebrate animals are very numerous compared to vertebrate animals. It is
estimated that the number of these animal species is more than 1,150,000 species,
while the number of vertebrates is 42,000 species (Kekurt, 1961).
B. Objectives
The objective of tis laboratory activity are :

1. Students learn the definition and some examples of taxonomic characters in
invertebrate.
2. Students learn morphological characters of several invertebrates.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Invertebrate animals are animals with no vertebrae, and have a simpler

morphological and anatomical structure compared to groups of vertebrate animals, as
well as the digestive, respiratory and circulatory systems are simpler than invertebrate
animals, small body dimensions, nervous system. Under the digestive tract, life free,
herbivores, carnivores, parasites, predators, and there are those that are planktonic,
nekton, benthos in water. These animals range from single-celled (protozoa) to
multicellular. There are large gaps in the investigation of invertebrate taxonomy
(Djarubito, 1989).
Invertebrate animals are the types of animals that have the most species on earth.
With around 3 million species or 95% of the animal species which are invertebrate
groups, it is necessary to classify the types of animals needed to facilitate learning. Most
invertebrate animals from the order Insect. The classification also seeks knowledge
about kinship with other organizations. About being able to help improve one's kinship.
Organizing a number of species into groups that can be understood is called the
taxonomic hierarchy. Taxonomy is an important discovery in grouping animal types
based on level 5 hierarchy and naming (nomenclature) (Campbell, 2000).
Invertebrate animals play an important role in word’s entire biodiversity and
perform a wide range of crucial functional roles in ecosystems. Correct species
identification is the key that can help to overcome practical problems in creating a
conservation strategy. There are large gaps in the investigation of invertebrate
taxonomy. Unfortunately, the problems in proper identification of invertebrate species
are common and experts in the field usually are able to identify only certain groups of
species. Moreover, Linnaean taxonomy is opposed to a molecular taxonomy called
“phylogenetic taxonomy” (de Queiroz & Gauthier 1994), which has contributed to the
revolution in traditional taxonomy (Soltis & Soltis 2001). Resolving difficulties in
taxonomic determinations of species are making good platform for further studies such
as ecological, biogeographical, animal development, etc (Kur et al., 2016).
Every taxonomic group has its own standard and culture when it comes to species
descriptions, the part (together with the holotype) that connects a name with biological
entity, the species. Some of these standards are consequences of the animals themselves
— it is obviously easier, and possible, to base species descriptions on external characters
in a group like Crustacea, while it is more problematic for taxa like Platyhelminthes that
exhibit less external morphological complexity (Sundberg et al., 2016).
III. METHODOLOGY
A. Materials
The instruments used in this laboratory activity are invertebrate specimens,

70% ethanol.
The materials used in this laboratory activity are specimen tray, forceps,
magnifying glass, microscope, stereo microscope, camera, gloves, surgical mask,
and stationary.
B. Methods
The method used in this laboratory activity are:

1. Each group are observed the characters on several invertebrate specimens.
2. Students are identified some invertebrate specimens based on the morphological
characters. Each students make description based on the identification
observation.
3. Students are completed the table of characters observation and identification.
4. Students are completed the interim reports.
REFERENCES
Bastable B. S., 2002. Perawat Sebagai Pendidik. Jakarta: EGC.
Campbell, N. A., 2000. Biologi Jilid I. Jakarta: Erlangga.
De Queiroz. & Gauthier, J., 1994. Toward A Phylogenetic System of Biological

Nomenclature, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Vol. 9, pp. 27-31.
Djurubito, K., 1989. Zoologi Invertebrata. Malang: Penerbit Universitas Negeri Malang
(UM Press).
Jasin, M., 1989. Zoologi Invertebrata Untuk Perguruan Tinggi. Surabaya: Sinar Wijaya.
Kekurt, G. A., 1961. The Inverebrate. Four Edition. United Kingdom: Cambridge
University Press.
Kur, J., Mioduchowska, M. & Petkovi c, M., 2016. Trying to Solve Current Issues With
Invertebrate Taxonomy The Conceptual Web Based Application. World
Scientific News, Vol. 57, pp. 664-673.
Meglitsch, P. A., 1972. Invertebrate Zoology. Second Edition. London: Oxford

University.
Simpson, G. G., 1961. Principles of Animal Taxonomy. New York: Columbia University
Press.
Soltis P. S. & Soltis D. E., 2001 Molecular Systematics: Assembling & Using the Tree
of Life. Taxon, Vol. 50, pp. 663-677.
Sundberg, P. S., Onia, C. S. Andrade, Bartolomaeus, T., Becker P., Deohren Von J.,
Kreamer, D., Gibson, R., Giribet, G., Bachiller, A. H., Junoy, J., Kajihara, H.,
Kvist, S., Anneby, T. K., Sun, S., Thiel, M., James M., Turbeville & Strand, .M.,
2016. The Future of Nemertean Taxonomy (Phylum Nemertea) A – Proposal.
Zoologica Scripta, Vol. 46, pp. 1-4.
Wahid, A., 2012. Analisis Karakteristik Sedimentasi di Waduk PLTA Bakaru. Jurnal
Hutan dan Masyarakat, 2(2), pp. 229-236.

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IDENTIFICATION OF INVERTEBRATE TAXONOMIC

ANIMAL SYSTEMATICS I LABORATORY REPORT

MINISTRY OF RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY, AND HIGHER EDUCATIO

Taxonomies are changes that are used to classify something according to a

The objective of tis laboratory activity are :

Invertebrate animals are animals with no vertebrae, and have a simpler

The instruments used in this laboratory activity are invertebrate specimens,

The method used in this laboratory activity are:

Bastable B. S., 2002. Perawat Sebagai Pendidik. Jakarta: EGC.

Campbell, N. A., 2000. Biologi Jilid I. Jakarta: Erlangga.

De Queiroz. & Gauthier, J., 1994. Toward A Phylogenetic System of Biological

Meglitsch, P. A., 1972. Invertebrate Zoology. Second Edition. London: Oxford

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