Intro To National Security

PNPA CADET PHILOSOPHY
I am a government scholar. The Filipino nation is paying for my

education.
I was chosen from among the Filipino youth for a specific job:
law enforcement.
I belong to the security sector and I am answerable for the

security of my nation.
I will not pursue endeavors which will diminish my effectiveness as
a law enforcement officer.
I will advance the nation’s interests over mine.

I call this DUTY, and this is where I derive HONOR.
I worship GOD only, and my privileges were not meant to make me

a lord, but to serve the Filipino nation.
INTRODUCTION TO
NATIONAL SECURITY
ADMINISTRATION
CRISOSTOMO LIM UBAC

Police Lieutenant Colonel
At the end of the lesson, cadets would be able to:
• Explain the concept of national security;
• Identify the fundamental reason for the variation of

national security concepts among states/countries;
• Reflect on the foundations of the Filipino national security

consciousness; and
• Explain the underlying principles as regards the police

role in national security.
WHAT IS NATIONAL SECURITY?
“No social science concept has been more
abused and misused than national security.”
– DAVID A. BALDWIN
The Concept of Security

Review of International Studies ( 1997), 23, 5-26
Copyright © British International Studies Association
“The national security doctrine is notoriously
elusive and its definition has been debated for
centuries.”
– Donal Kearney
What does “National Security” actually mean?

May 21, 2013 (http://rightsni.org/2013/05/national-security/
“National security has come to mean different
things to different people. Today, there are all
kinds of ‘national securities.’ They include
economic security; energy security;
environmental security; and even health,
women’s, and food security.. (which are) merely
rebranding of domestic agendas to shift
resources away from the (defense
department).”
– Kim R. Holmes, PhD.
THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION

http://www.heritage.org
When modern social scientists talk of the
concept, they generally mean “the ability of a
nation to protect its internal values from
external threats.”
(http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/National Security.aspx)
“Alexander Hamilton conceived the purpose of
the Union as for ‘the common defense of the
members; the preservation of the public peace
as well against internal convulsions as external
attacks...’
If this is the purpose for which our political
structures were formed, a fundamental national
interest must be to protect the State so that it
may pursue these aims.”
– Laura K. Donohue
Associate Professor of Law,
Georgetown Law.
American Criminal Law Review. © 2012
“National security is the preservation of the
political and constitutional structures in light of
the purpose for which they were created.”
– Laura K. Donohue
“The best security for the perpetual existence of the
States is the ‘supreme authority’ of the Constitution
of the United States. The perpetuity of the
Constitution brings with it the perpetuity of the
States; their mutual relation makes us what we are,
and in our political system their connection is
indissoluble. The whole can not exist without the
parts, nor the parts without the whole. So long as
the Constitution of the United States endures, the
States will endure. The destruction of the one is the
destruction of the other; the preservation of the one
is the preservation of the other.”
– U.S. President Andrew Johnson,
First Annual Message (Dec. 4, 1865)
“National security is a guarantee that the sovereignty,
territory, citizens, constitutional values, and acquired
gains of a nation-state are protected, promoted, and
defended.”
– Dr. Ananda Devi Domingo-Almase, DPA

Professor III, National Defense College of the Philippines
“National security is a state or condition wherein
the nation’s sovereignty and territorial integrity,
the people’s well-being, core values and way of
life, and the State and its institutions, are
protected and enhanced.”
– National Security Strategy

Security and Development for Transformational Change and Well-
Being of the Filipino People
2018
National Interest of the Philippines
The Constitution of the Philippines clearly indicates
the national interest of the Republic. They include,
among others, political independence and stability,
democratic governance, socio-economic well-
being, territorial integrity, ecological equilibrium,
and cultural preservation.
- PNP Fundamental Doctrine (2013)

Philippine National Police Manual, p. 7
PNPM-D-0-1-2-13 (DHRDD)
The Preamble contains the referents of
security, which are:
• the people (the living);
• their posterity (future generation beyond the lifetime of

the living);
• their sovereign government;
• their patrimony (national territory, estates, endowments,

properties, etc.); and
• their time-honored values (democracy, rule of law,

truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace)
“Enduring peace can be attained only if we meet the
fundamental needs of every man, woman and child.”
– PRESIDENT RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE

First State of the Nation Address
25 July 2016
“It has grown into a proverb that affluence maddens nations;
and it has been said, in reference to individuals, that it is
easier to bear the trials of adversity than of prosperity.
That which applies to individuals is no less true of nations.”
– James Guthrie (1857)

U.S. Secretary of the Treasury
Abraham Maslow’s
Theory of Human Motivation (1943)
Hierarchy of Needs
National Interest, Objectives and Strategy
National Interest
National interest refers to any or all of particular ends
from which a nation finds benefits or advantages for
the welfare of its own people.
A national interest consist of an undertaking or

involvement in any particular concern which redounds
to the security and well-being of the people.

National Objectives
National objectives are the aims, goals or ends
towards which a national strategy is directed.
They support the national interests and

provide the bases for which policies are
formulated and implemented.

The national objectives of the Philippines:
• To preserve the territorial integrity of the Philippine

archipelago;
• To promote the general welfare of the people;
• To establish and maintain friendly and peaceful relations

with all nations;
• To achieve national unity; and
• To ensure internal security by maintaining a high state of

law and order.
National Strategy
National strategy is the art and science of
employing the political, economic, psycho-
social, and military/police powers of a nation
in times of peace or war to achieve national
objectives.
It is a long range plan that involves total

power and assets of a nation to realize
national ends.
Police Power
Police power refers to the power of the

government to regulate behaviors and enforce
order within its territory, often framed in terms of
public welfare, security, health, and safety.
The exercise of police power can be in the form of

making laws, compelling obedience to those laws
through physical means with the aim of removing
liberty, legal sanctions, or other forms of coercion
and inducements.
Police Power of the State
Police power depends largely, but not solely,
on the strength of the nation’s police forces.
It likewise depends on the three components
of national power — political, economic, and
psychological.
Therefore, police power is the combination of

both the strength of the psycho-social and
political components.

Police Power
Police powers become almost synonymous
to national power so that in the pursuit of
desired national ends, greater reliance is
placed on the police.
It is designated to exert legal force or

pressure.
It becomes a national tool for the

implementation of national goals and
objectives and the measure of its eﬀectivess.
The fundamental objectives of Police power:
• To uphold the sovereignty of the state from all threats;
• To suppress any violation of law that threatens the

security of the state; and
• To ensure compliance of the law by everyone.

Preliminary Examination
• Type of exam: True or False, Multiple Choice,

Enumeration, and Essay.
• Total of 100 points
• Write legibly and neatly for essay questions (30%).
• Bonus question: Memorize PNPA Cadet Philosophy.

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PNPA CADET PHILOSOPHY

I am a government scholar. The Filipino nation is paying for my

I belong to the security sector and I am answerable for the

I will advance the nation’s interests over mine.

I worship GOD only, and my privileges were not meant to make me

CRISOSTOMO LIM UBAC

• Explain the concept of national security;

• Identify the fundamental reason for the variation of

• Reflect on the foundations of the Filipino national security

• Explain the underlying principles as regards the police

The Concept of Security

What does “National Security” actually mean?

THE HERITAGE FOUNDATION

– Dr. Ananda Devi Domingo-Almase, DPA

– National Security Strategy

- PNP Fundamental Doctrine (2013)

• the people (the living);

• their posterity (future generation beyond the lifetime of

• their sovereign government;

• their patrimony (national territory, estates, endowments,

• their time-honored values (democracy, rule of law,

– PRESIDENT RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE

– James Guthrie (1857)

A national interest consist of an undertaking or

- PNP Fundamental Doctrine (2013)

They support the national interests and

- PNP Fundamental Doctrine (2013)

• To preserve the territorial integrity of the Philippine

• To promote the general welfare of the people;

• To establish and maintain friendly and peaceful relations

• To achieve national unity; and

• To ensure internal security by maintaining a high state of

It is a long range plan that involves total

Police power refers to the power of the

The exercise of police power can be in the form of

Therefore, police power is the combination of

- PNP Fundamental Doctrine (2013)

It is designated to exert legal force or

It becomes a national tool for the

• To uphold the sovereignty of the state from all threats;

• To suppress any violation of law that threatens the

• To ensure compliance of the law by everyone.

- PNP Fundamental Doctrine (2013)

• Type of exam: True or False, Multiple Choice,

• Total of 100 points

• Write legibly and neatly for essay questions (30%).

• Bonus question: Memorize PNPA Cadet Philosophy.

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