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Experiment No. 4 Objectives: All All

The document describes experiments to design optical logic gates using micro-ring resonator structures in MATLAB. It presents the MATLAB code to simulate an optical NOT gate and analyze the output signals. It then presents the MATLAB code to simulate an optical XOR/XNOR gate using a two-stage design and analyzes the output signals for different input combinations. Plots of the input and output signals over time are shown.

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Altu Faltu
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88 views9 pages

Experiment No. 4 Objectives: All All

The document describes experiments to design optical logic gates using micro-ring resonator structures in MATLAB. It presents the MATLAB code to simulate an optical NOT gate and analyze the output signals. It then presents the MATLAB code to simulate an optical XOR/XNOR gate using a two-stage design and analyzes the output signals for different input combinations. Plots of the input and output signals over time are shown.

Uploaded by

Altu Faltu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT NO.

4
Objectives
Design of All Optical NOT, XOR/XNOR logic gates using the Micro-ring resonator
structures.
MATLAB CODE of OPTICAL NOT LOGIC GATE
clc;
clear all;
close all;
k1 = 0.25;
k2 = 0.25;
alpha = 0.0005.*10.^(-6);
Aeff = 0.25.*10.^(-12);
lembda = 1.55.*10.^(-9);
gamma = 0.0005;
R = 7.08.*10.^(-6);
n0 = abs(.00000020 + 0.000174i);
n2 =-abs(-6.9998e-016 -4.3554e-015i);
L = 2.*pi.*R;
D = sqrt(1-gamma);
x = D.*exp(-alpha.*L./4);
% Generation of continuous wave signal;
t = (-10:0.001:10).*10.^(-12);
z = (-10:0.001:10).*10.^(-12);
T0 = 1e-12;
%L = 2.*pi.*5.81e-6;
c = 3e-8;
T = t;
w = ((2.*pi)./T);
LD = 500.81e-6;
w0 = (2*pi./T0);
alpha = 0.08;
% ****************************** 0
*******************************************
x0 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
X1 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
X2 = zeros(1,20001);
neff1 = n0 + n2.*(((abs(X2)))./Aeff);
kn1 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff1;
phi1 = (kn1.*L)./2;
et = (((D.*sqrt(1-k1)) - (D.*sqrt(1-
k2).*(x.^2).*(exp(j.*phi1).^2)))./(1-(sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*(x.^2).*(exp(j.*phi1).^2)))).*x0;
ed = ((-D.*sqrt(k1.*k2).*exp(j.*phi1))./(1-(sqrt(1-
k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*(x.^2).*(exp(j.*phi1).^2)))).*x0;
subplot(3,2,1);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X2));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Input logic (X)');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
subplot(3,2,3);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(et));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Output at through port');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
subplot(3,2,5);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(ed));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Output at drop port');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
% *************************** 1
***********************
x0 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
X1 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
X2 = zeros(1,20001);
neff1 = n0 + n2.*(((abs(X1)))./Aeff);
kn1 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff1;
phi1 = (kn1.*L)./2;
et = (((D.*sqrt(1-k1)) - (D.*sqrt(1-
k2).*(x.^2).*(exp(j.*phi1).^2)))./(1-(sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*(x.^2).*(exp(j.*phi1).^2)))).*x0;
ed = ((-D.*sqrt(k1.*k2).*exp(j.*phi1))./(1-(sqrt(1-
k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*(x.^2).*(exp(j.*phi1).^2)))).*x0;
subplot(3,2,2);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X1));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Input logic (X)');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
subplot(3,2,4);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(et));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Output at through port');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
subplot(3,2,6);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(ed));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Output at drop port');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
Fig. 1: Switching activity of the Micro-ring resonator structures

MATLAB CODE OF EXOR/EXNOR LOGIC GATE


clc;
clear all;
close all;
k1 = 0.25;
k2 = 0.25;
alpha = 0.0005.*10.^(6);
Aeff = 0.25.*10.^(-12);
lembda = 1.55.*10.^(-6);
gamma = 0.005;
R = 7.08.*10.^(-6);
n0 = abs(.00000017 + 0.0174i);
n2 =-abs(-6.9998e-016 -4.3554e-015i);
L = 2.*pi.*R;
D = sqrt(1-gamma);
x = D.*exp(-alpha.*L./4);
% Generation of continuous wave signal;
t = (-10:0.01:10).*10.^(-12);
z = (-10:0.01:10).*10.^(-12);
T0 = 1e-12;
L = 2.*pi.*5.81e-6;
c = 3e-8;
T = t;
w = ((2.*pi)./T);
LD = 500.81e-6;
w0 = (2*pi./T0);
alpha = 0.08;
%
*********************************************************
****************
x0 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
X1 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
X2 = zeros(1,2001);
neff1 = n0 + n2.*(((abs(X2)))./Aeff);
neff2 = n0 + n2.*(abs(X2)./Aeff);
kn1 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff1;
kn2 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff2;
phi1 = (kn1.*L)./2;
phi2 = (kn2.*L)./2;
% First stage calculation
et1 = ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))).*x0;
ed1 = (-sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi1)./(1 - sqrt(1-
k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))).*x0;
% Second stage
exor = ((-sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi2)./(1 - sqrt(1-
k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*et1) +
((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*ed1;
exnor = ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*et1 + ((-
sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi2)./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*ed1)
subplot(4,4,1);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X2));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Input logic (A = 0)');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
subplot(4,4,5);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X2));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Input logic (B= 0)');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
subplot(4,4,9);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(exor));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Ouput A xor B');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
subplot(4,4,13);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(exnor));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Ouput A xnor B');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
%
*********************************************************
****************
x0 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
X1 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
X2 = zeros(1,2001);
neff1 = n0 + n2.*(((abs(X2)))./Aeff);
neff2 = n0 + n2.*(abs(X1)./Aeff);
kn1 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff1;
kn2 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff2;
phi1 = (kn1.*L)./2;
phi2 = (kn2.*L)./2;
% First stage calculation
et1 = ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))).*x0;
ed1 = (-sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi1)./(1 - sqrt(1-
k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))).*x0;
% Second stage
exor = ((-sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi2)./(1 - sqrt(1-
k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*et1) +
((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*ed1;
exnor = ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*et1 + ((-
sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi2)./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*ed1)
subplot(4,4,2);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X2));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Input logic (A = 0)');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
subplot(4,4,6);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X1));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Input logic (B = 1)');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
subplot(4,4,10);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(exor));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Ouput A xor B');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
subplot(4,4,14);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(exnor));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Ouput A xnor B');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
%
*********************************************************
****************
x0 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
X1 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
X2 = zeros(1,2001);
neff1 = n0 + n2.*(((abs(X1)))./Aeff);
neff2 = n0 + n2.*(abs(X2)./Aeff);
kn1 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff1;
kn2 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff2;
phi1 = (kn1.*L)./2;
phi2 = (kn2.*L)./2;
% First stage calculation
et1 = ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))).*x0;
ed1 = (-sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi1)./(1 - sqrt(1-
k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))).*x0;
% Second stage
exor = ((-sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi2)./(1 - sqrt(1-
k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*et1) +
((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*ed1;
exnor = ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*et1 + ((-
sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi2)./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*ed1)
subplot(4,4,3);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X1));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Input logic (A = 1)');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
subplot(4,4,7);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X2));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Input logic (B = 0)');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
subplot(4,4,11);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(exor));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Ouput A xor B');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
subplot(4,4,15);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(exnor));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Ouput A xnor B');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
% ***************************************************
x0 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
X1 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
X2 = zeros(1,2001);
neff1 = n0 + n2.*(((abs(X1)))./Aeff);
neff2 = n0 + n2.*(abs(X1)./Aeff);
kn1 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff1;
kn2 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff2;
phi1 = (kn1.*L)./2;
phi2 = (kn2.*L)./2;
% First stage calculation
et1 = ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))).*x0;
ed1 = (-sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi1)./(1 - sqrt(1-
k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))).*x0;
% Second stage
exor = ((-sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi2)./(1 - sqrt(1-
k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*et1) +
((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*ed1;
exnor = ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*et1 + ((-
sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi2)./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*ed1)
subplot(4,4,4);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X1));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Input logic (A = 1)');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
subplot(4,4,8);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X1));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Input logic (B = 1)');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
subplot(4,4,12);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(exor));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Ouput A xor B');
axis([0 2 0 1]);
subplot(4,4,16);
plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(exnor));
xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
ylabel('Ouput A xnor B');
axis([0 2 0 1])

Figure 2: Simulated waveform of proposed all-optical XOR/XNOR gate using micro-ring


resonator

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