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    Experiment No. 4 Objectives: All All

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    Altu Faltu
    The document describes experiments to design optical logic gates using micro-ring resonator structures in MATLAB. It presents the MATLAB code to simulate an optical NOT gate and analyze the output signals. It then presents the MATLAB code to simulate an optical XOR/XNOR gate using a two-stage design and analyzes the output signals for different input combinations. Plots of the input and output signals over time are shown.

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    Experiment No. 4 Objectives: All All

    Uploaded by

    Altu Faltu
    58 views9 pages
    The document describes experiments to design optical logic gates using micro-ring resonator structures in MATLAB. It presents the MATLAB code to simulate an optical NOT gate and analyze the output signals. It then presents the MATLAB code to simulate an optical XOR/XNOR gate using a two-stage design and analyzes the output signals for different input combinations. Plots of the input and output signals over time are shown.

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    EXPERIMENT NO 4

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    The document describes experiments to design optical logic gates using micro-ring resonator structures in MATLAB. It presents the MATLAB code to simulate an optical NOT gate and analyze the output signals. It then presents the MATLAB code to simulate an optical XOR/XNOR gate using a two-stage design and analyzes the output signals for different input combinations. Plots of the input and output signals over time are shown.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    58 views9 pages

    Experiment No. 4 Objectives: All All

    Uploaded by

    Altu Faltu
    The document describes experiments to design optical logic gates using micro-ring resonator structures in MATLAB. It presents the MATLAB code to simulate an optical NOT gate and analyze the output signals. It then presents the MATLAB code to simulate an optical XOR/XNOR gate using a two-stage design and analyzes the output signals for different input combinations. Plots of the input and output signals over time are shown.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 9

    EXPERIMENT NO.

    4
    Objectives
    Design of All Optical NOT, XOR/XNOR logic gates using the Micro-ring resonator
    structures.
    MATLAB CODE of OPTICAL NOT LOGIC GATE
    clc;
    clear all;
    close all;
    k1 = 0.25;
    k2 = 0.25;
    alpha = 0.0005.*10.^(-6);
    Aeff = 0.25.*10.^(-12);
    lembda = 1.55.*10.^(-9);
    gamma = 0.0005;
    R = 7.08.*10.^(-6);
    n0 = abs(.00000020 + 0.000174i);
    n2 =-abs(-6.9998e-016 -4.3554e-015i);
    L = 2.*pi.*R;
    D = sqrt(1-gamma);
    x = D.*exp(-alpha.*L./4);
    % Generation of continuous wave signal;
    t = (-10:0.001:10).*10.^(-12);
    z = (-10:0.001:10).*10.^(-12);
    T0 = 1e-12;
    %L = 2.*pi.*5.81e-6;
    c = 3e-8;
    T = t;
    w = ((2.*pi)./T);
    LD = 500.81e-6;
    w0 = (2*pi./T0);
    alpha = 0.08;
    % ****************************** 0
    *******************************************
    x0 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
    X1 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
    X2 = zeros(1,20001);
    neff1 = n0 + n2.*(((abs(X2)))./Aeff);
    kn1 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff1;
    phi1 = (kn1.*L)./2;
    et = (((D.*sqrt(1-k1)) - (D.*sqrt(1-
    k2).*(x.^2).*(exp(j.*phi1).^2)))./(1-(sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*(x.^2).*(exp(j.*phi1).^2)))).*x0;
    ed = ((-D.*sqrt(k1.*k2).*exp(j.*phi1))./(1-(sqrt(1-
    k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*(x.^2).*(exp(j.*phi1).^2)))).*x0;
    subplot(3,2,1);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X2));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Input logic (X)');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    subplot(3,2,3);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(et));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Output at through port');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    subplot(3,2,5);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(ed));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Output at drop port');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    % *************************** 1
    ***********************
    x0 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
    X1 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
    X2 = zeros(1,20001);
    neff1 = n0 + n2.*(((abs(X1)))./Aeff);
    kn1 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff1;
    phi1 = (kn1.*L)./2;
    et = (((D.*sqrt(1-k1)) - (D.*sqrt(1-
    k2).*(x.^2).*(exp(j.*phi1).^2)))./(1-(sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*(x.^2).*(exp(j.*phi1).^2)))).*x0;
    ed = ((-D.*sqrt(k1.*k2).*exp(j.*phi1))./(1-(sqrt(1-
    k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*(x.^2).*(exp(j.*phi1).^2)))).*x0;
    subplot(3,2,2);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X1));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Input logic (X)');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    subplot(3,2,4);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(et));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Output at through port');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    subplot(3,2,6);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(ed));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Output at drop port');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    Fig. 1: Switching activity of the Micro-ring resonator structures

    MATLAB CODE OF EXOR/EXNOR LOGIC GATE


    clc;
    clear all;
    close all;
    k1 = 0.25;
    k2 = 0.25;
    alpha = 0.0005.*10.^(6);
    Aeff = 0.25.*10.^(-12);
    lembda = 1.55.*10.^(-6);
    gamma = 0.005;
    R = 7.08.*10.^(-6);
    n0 = abs(.00000017 + 0.0174i);
    n2 =-abs(-6.9998e-016 -4.3554e-015i);
    L = 2.*pi.*R;
    D = sqrt(1-gamma);
    x = D.*exp(-alpha.*L./4);
    % Generation of continuous wave signal;
    t = (-10:0.01:10).*10.^(-12);
    z = (-10:0.01:10).*10.^(-12);
    T0 = 1e-12;
    L = 2.*pi.*5.81e-6;
    c = 3e-8;
    T = t;
    w = ((2.*pi)./T);
    LD = 500.81e-6;
    w0 = (2*pi./T0);
    alpha = 0.08;
    %
    *********************************************************
    ****************
    x0 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
    X1 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
    X2 = zeros(1,2001);
    neff1 = n0 + n2.*(((abs(X2)))./Aeff);
    neff2 = n0 + n2.*(abs(X2)./Aeff);
    kn1 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff1;
    kn2 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff2;
    phi1 = (kn1.*L)./2;
    phi2 = (kn2.*L)./2;
    % First stage calculation
    et1 = ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))).*x0;
    ed1 = (-sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi1)./(1 - sqrt(1-
    k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))).*x0;
    % Second stage
    exor = ((-sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi2)./(1 - sqrt(1-
    k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*et1) +
    ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*ed1;
    exnor = ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*et1 + ((-
    sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi2)./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*ed1)
    subplot(4,4,1);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X2));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Input logic (A = 0)');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    subplot(4,4,5);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X2));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Input logic (B= 0)');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    subplot(4,4,9);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(exor));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Ouput A xor B');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    subplot(4,4,13);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(exnor));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Ouput A xnor B');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    %
    *********************************************************
    ****************
    x0 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
    X1 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
    X2 = zeros(1,2001);
    neff1 = n0 + n2.*(((abs(X2)))./Aeff);
    neff2 = n0 + n2.*(abs(X1)./Aeff);
    kn1 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff1;
    kn2 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff2;
    phi1 = (kn1.*L)./2;
    phi2 = (kn2.*L)./2;
    % First stage calculation
    et1 = ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))).*x0;
    ed1 = (-sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi1)./(1 - sqrt(1-
    k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))).*x0;
    % Second stage
    exor = ((-sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi2)./(1 - sqrt(1-
    k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*et1) +
    ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*ed1;
    exnor = ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*et1 + ((-
    sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi2)./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*ed1)
    subplot(4,4,2);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X2));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Input logic (A = 0)');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    subplot(4,4,6);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X1));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Input logic (B = 1)');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    subplot(4,4,10);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(exor));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Ouput A xor B');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    subplot(4,4,14);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(exnor));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Ouput A xnor B');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    %
    *********************************************************
    ****************
    x0 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
    X1 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
    X2 = zeros(1,2001);
    neff1 = n0 + n2.*(((abs(X1)))./Aeff);
    neff2 = n0 + n2.*(abs(X2)./Aeff);
    kn1 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff1;
    kn2 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff2;
    phi1 = (kn1.*L)./2;
    phi2 = (kn2.*L)./2;
    % First stage calculation
    et1 = ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))).*x0;
    ed1 = (-sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi1)./(1 - sqrt(1-
    k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))).*x0;
    % Second stage
    exor = ((-sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi2)./(1 - sqrt(1-
    k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*et1) +
    ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*ed1;
    exnor = ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*et1 + ((-
    sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi2)./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*ed1)
    subplot(4,4,3);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X1));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Input logic (A = 1)');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    subplot(4,4,7);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X2));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Input logic (B = 0)');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    subplot(4,4,11);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(exor));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Ouput A xor B');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    subplot(4,4,15);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(exnor));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Ouput A xnor B');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    % ***************************************************
    x0 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
    X1 = sech(100.*T./T0).*exp((z));
    X2 = zeros(1,2001);
    neff1 = n0 + n2.*(((abs(X1)))./Aeff);
    neff2 = n0 + n2.*(abs(X1)./Aeff);
    kn1 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff1;
    kn2 = ((2.*pi)./lembda).*neff2;
    phi1 = (kn1.*L)./2;
    phi2 = (kn2.*L)./2;
    % First stage calculation
    et1 = ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))).*x0;
    ed1 = (-sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi1)./(1 - sqrt(1-
    k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi1)).^2))).*x0;
    % Second stage
    exor = ((-sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi2)./(1 - sqrt(1-
    k1).*sqrt(1-k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*et1) +
    ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*ed1;
    exnor = ((D.*sqrt(1-k1) - D.*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*et1 + ((-
    sqrt(k1.*k2).*D.*exp(j.*phi2)./(1 - sqrt(1-k1).*sqrt(1-
    k2).*x.^2.*((exp(j.*phi2)).^2))).*ed1)
    subplot(4,4,4);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X1));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Input logic (A = 1)');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    subplot(4,4,8);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(X1));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Input logic (B = 1)');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    subplot(4,4,12);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(exor));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Ouput A xor B');
    axis([0 2 0 1]);
    subplot(4,4,16);
    plot(T./10.^(-12) + 1,abs(exnor));
    xlabel('Time (pico-second)');
    ylabel('Ouput A xnor B');
    axis([0 2 0 1])

    Figure 2: Simulated waveform of proposed all-optical XOR/XNOR gate using micro-ring


    resonator

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