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    Logic 2: Modal Logics Course Guide (2020/2021)

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    Marcos del Río
    This course focuses on modal extensions of logic, including propositional and predicate logic. It will introduce standard models and proofs for propositional modal logic and explore philosophical applications like the logic of knowledge, obligation, time, and conditionals. Classes will include online lectures, tasks and live tutorials. Assessment is based on three take-home tests accounting for 20%, 30%, and 50% of the final grade. The provisional syllabus covers topics like possible worlds semantics, accessibility relations, proofs, epistemic logic, deontic logic, temporal logic, and semantics for modal predicate logic.

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    Logic 2: Modal Logics Course Guide (2020/2021)

    Uploaded by

    Marcos del Río
    93 views3 pages
    This course focuses on modal extensions of logic, including propositional and predicate logic. It will introduce standard models and proofs for propositional modal logic and explore philosophical applications like the logic of knowledge, obligation, time, and conditionals. Classes will include online lectures, tasks and live tutorials. Assessment is based on three take-home tests accounting for 20%, 30%, and 50% of the final grade. The provisional syllabus covers topics like possible worlds semantics, accessibility relations, proofs, epistemic logic, deontic logic, temporal logic, and semantics for modal predicate logic.

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    This course focuses on modal extensions of logic, including propositional and predicate logic. It will introduce standard models and proofs for propositional modal logic and explore philosophical applications like the logic of knowledge, obligation, time, and conditionals. Classes will include online lectures, tasks and live tutorials. Assessment is based on three take-home tests accounting for 20%, 30%, and 50% of the final grade. The provisional syllabus covers topics like possible worlds semantics, accessibility relations, proofs, epistemic logic, deontic logic, temporal logic, and semantics for modal predicate logic.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    93 views3 pages

    Logic 2: Modal Logics Course Guide (2020/2021)

    Uploaded by

    Marcos del Río
    This course focuses on modal extensions of logic, including propositional and predicate logic. It will introduce standard models and proofs for propositional modal logic and explore philosophical applications like the logic of knowledge, obligation, time, and conditionals. Classes will include online lectures, tasks and live tutorials. Assessment is based on three take-home tests accounting for 20%, 30%, and 50% of the final grade. The provisional syllabus covers topics like possible worlds semantics, accessibility relations, proofs, epistemic logic, deontic logic, temporal logic, and semantics for modal predicate logic.

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    of 3

    Logic 2: Modal Logics

    Course Guide (2020/2021)

    Course organiser:
    Dr Wolfgang Schwarz ([email protected])
    Course administrator:
    Ann-Marie Cowe ([email protected])

    Course description

    This course is a follow-on course to Logic 1 focusing on modal extensions of classical


    propositional and predicate logic. Modal logic is used to reason about possibility and
    necessity, knowledge and belief, permission and obligation, past and future, and a variety
    of other topics. The first part of the course will introduce standard models and proofs for
    propositional modal logic, with a brief look at the meta-logical properties of soundness
    and completeness. We will then go through a range of philosophical applications, studying
    the logic of knowledge, the logic of obligation, the logic of time, and logical properties
    of ‘if-then’ constructions. Finally, we will turn to quantified modal logic. We will look
    at the choices between constant and variable domains, rigid and non-rigid names, and
    discuss whether standard predicate logic should be weakened to a “free” logic.
    Weekly classes will probably consist of online lectures and tasks, as well as a two-hour
    live tutorial, of which the first hour is compulsory.
    Due to uncertainty about the extent to which the university will be open for in-person
    classes, information about class timing and format is subject to change. Please consult
    the LEARN page for the course.
    The lecture notes with exercises are available at https://www.wolfgangschwarz.net/logic2/
    logic2.pdf. This is the only required reading.
    If you want to get a wider perspective, you may find one or more of the following books
    useful (listed in increasing difficulty):

    • Rod Girle, Modal Logics and Philosophy, 2nd edition, 2009


    • Graham Priest, An Introduction to Non-Classical Logic, 2nd edition, 2008
    • G.E. Hughes and Max Cresswell, A New Introduction to Modal Logic, 1996

    1
    Assessment

    The course is assessed by three take home tests, accounting for 20%, 30%, and 50% of
    the mark.

    Provisional syllabus

    Week 1: Modal Operators

    Reasoning with necessity and possibility. Translating from English. Different meanings
    of ‘possible’. Some logical principles.

    Week 2: Possible Worlds

    Basic possible-worlds semantics for modal propositional logic. Tree rules to establish
    validity and to find counterexamples.

    Week 3: Accessibility

    Adding an accessibility relation to possible-worlds models. Properties of the accessibility


    relation and corresponding logical systems.

    Week 4: Proofs

    Soundness and completeness for trees and axiomatic proofs. A brief look at the logic of
    provability.

    Week 5: Epistemic Logic

    The logics of knowledge and belief. Gaining information as excluding possibilities. Modal
    logics with multiple modalities. Interaction principles.

    Week 6: Deontic Logic

    The logic of obligation and permission. Ideal-worlds models. Some puzzles and paradoxes.
    Neighbourhood models. The concept of conditional obligation.

    2
    Week 7: Temporal Logic

    The logic of past, present, and future. Worlds and times. Branching time. ‘Now’.
    Two-dimensional modal logics.

    Week 8: Conditionals

    The “paradoxes of material implication”. Strict implication. Lewis-Stalnaker conditionals.


    If-clauses as restrictors.

    Week 9: Towards Modal Predicate Logic

    Modality de dicto and de re. Predicate logic recap. Predicate logic as a modal logic.
    Challenges for a modal predicate logic.

    Week 10: Semantics for Modal Predicate Logic

    Quantification and existence. Constant domain models and variable domain models. Free
    logics. Rigid and non-rigid designators.

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