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LAB 3 - New

This experiment aims to analyze power factor and complex power flow in single and three-phase AC circuits using Power World Simulator and MATLAB. Key concepts covered include: real and reactive power, power factor, power factor correction, apparent power, complex power balance, maximum theoretical power, effects of source parameters on power flow, and advantages of three-phase systems over single-phase systems in terms of power transmission. Students will perform calculations and simulations to understand these concepts and observe power balances in various circuit configurations.

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49 views5 pages

LAB 3 - New

This experiment aims to analyze power factor and complex power flow in single and three-phase AC circuits using Power World Simulator and MATLAB. Key concepts covered include: real and reactive power, power factor, power factor correction, apparent power, complex power balance, maximum theoretical power, effects of source parameters on power flow, and advantages of three-phase systems over single-phase systems in terms of power transmission. Students will perform calculations and simulations to understand these concepts and observe power balances in various circuit configurations.

Uploaded by

zaaa asdadsasda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EGE ÜNİVERSİTESİ

MÜHENDİSLİK FAKÜLTESİ
ELEKTRİK-ELEKTRONİK MÜHENDİSLİĞİ

GÜÇ SİSTEMLERİ ANALİZİ DERSİ


UYGULAMALARI

Hazırlayan: Arş. Gör. Faruk UGRANLI

EXPERIMENT 3
Power Factor and Complex Power Flow

1. Objective
The objective of this experiment is to show the concept of the flow of the power in AC
circuits for both single and three phase systems. By using Power World Simulator (PWS) and
power system toolbox in Matlab, the definition and significance of the real, reactive,
instantaneous power, power factor will be discussed.

2. Pre-Experiment

 What is the definition of leading and lagging power factor?


 Why the power factor correction is required in terms of utility and customer?
 What is theoretical maximum power condition?
 What is the advantages of the three phases systems over the single phase systems?
 What kind of informations can be observed from the instantaneous power?
 What is the meaning of complex power balance?
3. Procedure

A) Apparent power of a system is calculated as follow

Because of the conservation of energy, the real power supplied by the source should
be equal to the sum of real power absorbed by the load. And also, the reactive power
balance should be maintained.
In the circuit in Fig. 1, , Z1=30+j0 Ω, Z2=6+j18 Ω and Z3=
30-j30 Ω. Find the power absorbed by each load and total complex power by
writing a Matlab code.
Learn the rec2pol function’s property and use it in your code.
Observe from the results that the power balance.

Figure 1. Circuit for example

B) The relation between P and S can be expressed as

The term can be called as power factor (PF) because this term affect the
magnitude of active power. As can be seen in Fig.2, apparent power will be larger than
P if the power factor is less than 1.

Figure 2. Power Factor

For the lower power factor, a larger current cannot be supplied without additional cost
to the utility. So, the power factor of systems are desired to be close to the unity. For
this reason, the power factor correction is an important factor for operation of power
systems. To understand the compensation of reactive power, the following problem
will be solved.

1100 V rms, 50 Hz single phase supply and parallel loads are connected as
shown in Fig. 3 ( S1=100kVA at 0.3 power factor inductive load, S2=20 kW,
and S3=20kW+50kvar).
Figure 3. Circuit diagram for example
Find the total kW, kvar, KVA, total current and the supply power factor by
writing a matlab code using the complex power equations.
Add a new code to find the kvar rating of a parallel capacitor to improve the
power factor to 0.9 lagging.
To get visual results for power factor, start the example 2.3 in the PWS as
can be seen in Fig. 4.
Determine the value of capacitor to obtain minimum real power loss and
reactive power loss respectively.
Plot real and reactive power loss by changing the value of capacitor from 0 to
10 Mvars.

Figure 4. One line diagram of two buses circuit

C) The real and reactive power flow between two ideal voltage source as can be seen in
Fig. 5 can be expressed as follows (small R/X ratio)
| || |
( )
| |
[| | | | ( )]
Figure 5. A circuit with two ideal voltage sources

What is the maximum theoretical maximum power?


From the equation, what is the more effective parameter on active and reactive
power flow?
To analyze the complex power flow, execute the chp2ex6gui in Matlab.
To understand this demonstration, open chp2ex6 and examine programme
behind this gui.
Modify the start and end angle of source to -60 and 60 respectively. On the
other hand, modify the source voltage magnitude range to 50% of V1 and
120% of V1.
Observe the real and reactive power flow and power loss from the figures.
Set the phase angle value of V2 to -10 and 10, observe the real and reactive
power and power loss changes.
Set the voltage magnitude of V2 to 90 and 120, observe the real and reactive
power and power loss changes.
Repeat the above steps for 0+j*7 line impedance.

D) The advantages of three phases power systems over the single phase systems are so
important for operation and economic point of view to transport the power.

To show the effectiveness of three phases systems, analyze the three identical
circuit as shown in Fig. 6.

Figure 6. Three identical single phase system

The three phases total real power can be expressed as follows


| || |

Explain the relation between the real power expression and advantages of three
phases systems.
Execute the chp2ex7 in Matlab to find the current, real power, and reactive
power drawn from the supply, line voltage at the combined loads, the current
per phase in each load and total real and reactive powers in each load and the
line for circuit shown in Figure 7.

Figure 7. Three phase circuit

Draw the one line diagram and show the value of the elements.
Convert the ∆-connected load to Y-connected load.
Find the results from the program.

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