PROYECTO COZUMEL Fotovoltaica

HUNAB KU Team HUNAB KU HESS, Cozumel LIY4101
Contents
List of tables........................................................................................................................ ii
List of figures....................................................................................................................... ii
Abstract............................................................................................................................... iii
1. Introduction.................................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Energy system security.........................................................................................1
1.2 Actual situation of the energy system supply in Mexico.........................................1
1.3 Project challenges.................................................................................................4
1.4 Project perspective................................................................................................5
1.5 Structure of the report...........................................................................................6
2. Plant Location.............................................................................................................. 7
2.1 Justification of geographical location.....................................................................7
2.2 Map of the location..............................................................................................10
3. Design........................................................................................................................ 11
3.1 Energy Demand..................................................................................................11
3.2 Weather................................................................................................................... 11
3.3 Geology................................................................................................................... 12
3.4 Legal, environmental, and social framework............................................................13
3.5 Design objectives, assumptions, and specifications of the project......................14
3.5.1 Wind farm.......................................................................................................... 14
3.5.2 Solar farm.......................................................................................................... 15
3.5.3 Tesla Powerpack...............................................................................................15
3.6 Market study.......................................................................................................15
3.7 Business Model...................................................................................................18
3.7.1 Economic Viability...........................................................................................18
3.7.2 Founding Strategy.................................................................................................22
3.8 Hybrid electrical supply of the Cozumel island....................................................23
3.9 Hybrid electrical supply of the Cozumel island configuration alternatives............24
3.10 Comparison of alternatives..................................................................................26
3.10.1 Solar Farm...................................................................................................26
3.10.2 Wind Farm...................................................................................................27
3.11 Mass and energy balance...................................................................................28
4 Conclusion.................................................................................................................28
6.Bibliography................................................................................................................... 30
i
4 Annexes..................................................................................................................... 31
4.1 Gantt Chart......................................................................................................... 31
4.2 Other relevant side information...........................................................................31
List of tables
Table 1. Business Model CANVAS. (The authors)...................................................................18
Table 2. Economic Viability Farm 1 (Energy,2020)..................................................................18
Table 3.Economic Viability Farm 2 (Gonzalez,2017)...............................................................20
Table 4. Founding Strategy. (The authors)................................................................................22
Table 5. Selection of equipment solar plant. (The authors).....................................................27
Table 6. Selection of equipment wind farm. (The authors)......................................................27
List of figures
Figure 1. Map of SEN 9 regions. (PRODESEN, 2018)........................................................2
Figure 2. Diagram of SEN "Peninsular" region. (PRODESEN, 2018)..................................2
Figure 3.Diagram of the TL that supply Cozumel. (PRODESEN, 2018)..............................3
Figure 4. Energy System of HUNAB KU HESS, Cozumel. (The authors)............................5
Figure 5. Workflow Diagram. (The authors).........................................................................6
Figure 6. Map of Solar energy potential. (AZEL, 2020)........................................................7
Figure 7. Map of Wind Energy potential of Cozumel Island. (AZEL, 2020)..........................7
Figure 8. Map of Urban Biomass Energy potential of Cozumel Island (green). (AZEL,
2020)................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 9. Maps of incidence of Hurricanes from face 1 to 5. (AZEL, 2020)..........................8
Figure 10. Location of the project. (AZEL, 2020).................................................................9
Figure 11. Map of the principal roads in Cozumel. (AZEL, 2020)......................................10
Figure 12. Cozumel Island's maximum power demand. (Mendoza, 2016)........................11
Figure 13. Geomorphology of the island. (MPG Cozumel, 2012)......................................12
Figure 14. Natural protected areas (red), Federal (pink), RAMSAR areas (purple). (AZEL,
2020)................................................................................................................................. 13
Figure 15. Graphic of Electrical demand 2000 to 2050. (The authors)..............................16
Figure 16. Graphic of total pollutant emission of CO 2e (KTon) 2000 to 2050. (The authors)
.......................................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 17. Graphic of increasing cost in Electrical Centrals in SEN ("Peninsular" central
Examples). (PRODESEN, 2018).......................................................................................17
Figure 18. Horizontal Solar Radiation in Meta, Colombia. (IDEAM ATLAS,2020)..............19
Figure 19. Horizontal Solar Radiation in Cozumel (AZEL,2020)........................................19
Figure 20. Wind specifications in Cozumel (AZEL,2020)...................................................21
Figure 21. Wind specifications Libres,Puebla (AZEL,2020)...............................................22
Figure 22.Hybrid electric supply of the Cozumel Island. (The authors)..............................24
Figure 23. Process Synthesis Centralize System in the electrical substation. (The authors).
.......................................................................................................................................... 25
Figure 24. Process Synthesis, Independent solar farms. (The authors)............................26
Figure 25. Energy Balance of the HUNAB KU HESS, Cozumel........................................28
Figure 26. 3D model scale of the HUNAB KU HESS, Cozumel. (The authors).................29
ii
Abstract
HUNAB KU Hybrid Electric Supply System (HESS) is a project designed for the Cozumel
island.
Cozumel island is a well-known touristic place in the south east of Mexico for its beaches
and tropical landscapes.
With an energy consumption of 240 GWh/yr and a pick load of 45MWh/yr, the island
presents an electric problem. It has a lack of electric stability presenting blackouts of
250h/yr during the months of July to September, when there is an overload usually of
3000h/yr in the electric demand.
These blackouts do not only affect the tourism but also the habitants of Cozumel. This
added to the high prices of the energy that go from $68USD/MWh to $450USDMW/h, lead
to a poor energy system.
In order to provide clean, efficient, stable and low-cost energy, HUNAB KU HESS project
will use wind and solar energy to generate 40MW to the island with the support of a
powerpack system with a price of $68USDMW/h.
This project will not only ensure the energy in the island, but also will be able to reduce the
CO2 emissions from the energy generation by 52kTons/yr. The aim of this project is not
only to provide cleaner, cheaper, and more stable energy but also make the island self-
efficient.
Key words: Cozumel island; Solar energy; Wind energy; Clean energy
iii
1. Introduction
1.1 Energy system security
The energy transition is one of the most important aspects in the fight against climate
change, and in the energy security of communities, regions, and countries. However, the
proposed energy transition in developed countries does not necessarily apply to
underdeveloped countries, since they have different environmental, social, and economic
contexts. On the other hand, this does not mean that the energy transition is not
necessary, only that it is necessary to have a different approach and it is necessary to
apply evaluations and designs of congruent systems to the regions studied. Mexico is one
of the Latin American countries that has the third most potential for renewable
energy[ CITATION IRE20 \l 2058 ], since it has wind power with a potential of
70,000MW[ CITATION Reb20 \l 2058 ], solar with a potential of 25,000MW[ CITATION Jua19 \l
2058 ], geothermal with a potential of 10,000 MW[ CITATION Car10 \l 2058 ], biomass with a
potential of 3000 MW[ CITATION Pau14 \l 2058 ], hydro with a potential of 12,642
MW[ CITATION Izc17 \l 2058 ], and tidal with a potential of 7000 MW[ CITATION Uni20 \l 2058 ]
. Obtaining a tentative potential to exploit from 127.6 GW. Nevertheless, the current
government's approach, which is betting on re-enabling and rescuing the Mexican oil
industry, puts the development of renewable energies in a neglect situation. In addition,
the experience of renewable energies in Mexico has fallen into massive installations that
on certain occasions have lacked an approach to growth and coordination with the
Mexican electric power control centers. This phenomenon caused that in 15 th May of 2020
an adjustment1 had to be made to the regulations of the electric industry law and the
interconnection manuals, raising the standards and activities that generating plants and
large consumers must comply with[ CITATION DOF20 \l 2058 ]. Which are now responsible
for being in continuous coordination with CENACE2 and providing the technical information
related to the generation and consumption of energy. Recent events generate a more
difficult scenario for the development of renewable energies, but it does not mean that this
is something negative since the main objective of this change is to ensure the supply,
quality and viability of electricity supply in Mexico.
1.2 Actual situation of the energy system supply in Mexico

Removing a bit from the topic already discussed, it is observed in Mexico areas where
energy security is in a state of emergency. To understand this, you must know that Mexico
has the “SEN”3 (Nacional Electrical System) which is subdivided into 9 economic regions
in the country (). Each one of these regions has different energy characteristics, since
some of them have higher consumption due to the greater economic activity in them and
different installed powers and generation capacities as well as types of generators
(renewable, non-renewable)[ CITATION PRO18 \l 2058 ].
1
ACUERDO “por el que se emite la Política de Confiabilidad, Seguridad, Continuidad y Calidad en
el Sistema Eléctrico Nacional”.
2
Centro Nacional de Control de Energía, whose function is to exercise the Operational Control of
the National Electric System, Operation of the Wholesale Electricity Market, and guarantee
impartiality in access to the National Transmission Network
3
Sistema Eléctrico Nacional, integrated system that serves 128 million Mexicans, who live in two
million square kilometers, and which has reached 98.7% service coverage.
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Figure 1. Map of SEN 9 regions. (PRODESEN, 2018).
However, the most vulnerable region is the “Peninsular” region, which only has one main
distribution line, which generates overloads in the system, causing energy losses, low
quality of energy, and in extreme cases black outs. Apart from that, the “Peninsular” region
does not have the capacity to supply itself as the demand for energy is greater than the
generation capacity of the region, this can be observed in Figure 2. Diagram of SEN
"Peninsular" region. On the other hand, the main economic activity in this region is
tourism, so the demand for energy fluctuates depending on the intensity of tourists who
visit these areas, being the months of June to September the ones with more tourism in
that region[ CITATION Jav16 \l 2058 ]. Having an average annual consumption of 12,465
GW[ CITATION PRO18 \l 2058 ]. The areas furthest from the interconnections of the
“Peninsular” region to SEN are found in the Caribbean in which a group of islands are
found, the island of Cozumel is one of these.
Figure 2. Diagram of SEN "Peninsular" region. (PRODESEN, 2018).
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The island of Cozumel has similar problems if we compare it with the “Peninsular” region,
however it is in a region that already has these problems at the SEN level, so the security
and quality of the supply is even more vulnerable (Figure 3.Diagram of the TL that supply
Cozumel.). Furthermore, the participation of renewable energy on the island is
imperceptible since the island's supply depends on a combined cycle (525MW) plant
located in Valladolid (172Km away from Cozumel Island) and on three “Turbogas” 4
generating plants (C.T.G Cozumel Plants and Chankanaab) two of this plant was an
installed power of 14MW and third one has a power of 30 MW located in Cozumel, two of
which is only used during power peaks (14MW) and the other in the event of a supply cut
from the SEN “Peninsular” region caused by an overload of the system or a natural
disaster[ CITATION PRO18 \l 2058 ].
Figure 3.Diagram of the TL that supply Cozumel. (PRODESEN, 2018).
The prevailing overloads in the Cancun area occur in a range of 3000h/year that exceed
the transmission limit of the TL (825MWh / h). This phenomenon causes low-efficiency and
high-cost auxiliary plants to operate to level the synchronization of loads. In cases of
blackout, there are 250h/year in which 80MW load effects are observed, which cannot be
supplied[ CITATION PRO18 \l 2058 ].
1.3 Project challenges

The main objective of this project is to present an engineering proposal that increases the
quality and energy security of the island of Cozumel. The island's electricity consumption is
240 (GWh/yr) and the generation of greenhouse gases from this consumption is 125
(MtonCO2e). To achieve the objective, it is intended to generate 102 GWh/yr to reduce 52
4
Motor turbomachine, the working fluid of which is a gas.
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kTons CO2e using two renewable energy sources, wind and solar and a smart grid
monitoring system to interconnect the generation farms with the Cozumel load bus. The
challenges that arise to achieve this objective lie in knowing the potential of the different
types of renewable energy that exist on the island, using as a reference that the
generation of energy must be interconnected with the Transmission Lines (TL) of
Cozumel. In addition, to know what the technical state of the electrical supply of the island
of Cozumel and its consumption graphs is, in addition to the configuration of the TL of
Cozumel with the components of power systems. Also, we need to know the economic
viability of the project which will be investigated using as a reference the price fluctuations
of the MEM and the consumption curves of the island of Cozumel.
1.4 Project perspective

The project will have a social, economic, and environmental perspective. The social
perspective aims to provide good quality and secure energy in Cozumel island. By this the
habitants of the island can have access to clean energy without having to worry about a
blackout or damages by natural disasters. This way Cozumel can be self-sufficient energy
wise without depending on the electricity received from Playa del Carmen. It is planned to
produce 102 GWh per year.
For the economic part, the amount of energy that will be produced is more than 0.5MW
which makes it possible for the project to be part of the MEM (Mercado Eléctrico
Mayorista). Therefore, the energy will be sold out to CFE at a price of $68USD per MW.
An aim of this project is to be economic sustainable and viable.
Finally, the ecological aspect will be addressed by changing the main energy sources to
generate electricity. Instead of fossil fuels, wind and solar energy will be used with a power
backup package. This does not only contribute to the implementation of more renewable
energies in Mexico but also will help to reduce the CO 2 Cozumel emits by 52 kTons CO 2e
in a year.
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Eniromental responsa ble
Enriomenta l
regulations Environmental System Social System
- Natural areas reserve Law: - Habitants of Cozumel.

-SENER
- CO 2 and CH 4 -CRE Quality and security of
emissions -SEMARNAT the electric system.
Energy demand
Energy Law: Reduce costs
Reduction
Resurces Hunab Ku HESS Cenace
CO2e e missions Solar Costs:
Wind Cozumel -MEM
Technical System Economical System
- Installed Capacity. Costs : - Suppliers.

-Equipment.
-Infrastructure. -Facilities. - Clients.
- Equipment. - Operational -MEM.
- Vehicles. -USD/MWh
-Facility.
- W orkers MEM
MEM
Regulations SEN
Smartgrid
Figure 4. Energy System of HUNAB KU HESS, Cozumel. (The authors).
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1.5 Structure of the report
START
Find an energy need to supply

the equivalent of 1000
families.
Define proyect
ENERGY SYSTEM Serch the information of
prespective
the place acording to de GENERAL
NO Define Specs REVIEW
perspectives and the
principal objetive
Approved NO
YES
YES Generate Alternatives Screen For Feasibility DONE
Approved
Find Place
Iterate NO
Approved APPROVED
YES
NO
Define: costumers.
Define GO BACK TO
Market study Preducts/services CORRECT THE
Bounderies PROCESS SYNTHESIS TECNOLOGY
Suppliers.
SPECIFIC LOOP
PROCESS YES
Screen For
NO Viable UBICATION
Feasibility
YES
YES YES
PLANT/S
NO CONFIGURATIONS DOCUMENT
CANVAS
BUSINESS MODEL
PLANT/S
INSTALATION
NO APPROVED APPROVED
NO
Figure 5. Workflow Diagram. (The authors).
On this report the main topics to be addressed will be the plants location in which all the
advantages, disadvantages and the justification of the place´s selection will be explained
including its energy potential and access to the zone. The design of the project including
market study, business model, design objectives, specifications and assumptions, relevant
data about the zone like the climate, demography, ecological, social, and legal
frameworks.
Alternatives of the project will be also presented analyzing different technologies and
configurations available for the project.
Finally, the conclusion where the main results will be analyzed along with future work that
can be done to continue the improvement of the project.
2. Plant Location
2.1 Justification of geographical location
For this project, the Cozumel island has been chosen. It is located 23km east of Playa del
Carmen and it is part of the Quintana Roo state. The population of Cozumel island is 86
415 habitants. The island has three potential renewables energies, the first one is the solar
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energy with a solar potential of (5500-5749) Wh/m2 per day as an average of whole year, it
shown in Figure 6. The second one is the wind energy with the intensity of (6-7.5) m/s as
shown in Figure 7. Third one is urban biomass with the potential of 4.02-63.01TJ/a shown
in Figure 8.
Figure 6. Map of Solar energy potential. (AZEL, 2020).
Figure 7. Map of Wind Energy potential of Cozumel Island. (AZEL, 2020).
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Figure 8. Map of Urban Biomass Energy potential of Cozumel Island (green). (AZEL, 2020).
The climate of the island is tropical, hot humid, with abundant rains in summer.
The average temperature of the coldest month (January) is of 23.2 °C (74 °F), that of the
warmest month (August) is of 28.2 °C (83 °F). On average, there are around
2,510 sunshine hours per year which is nearly 7.5 hours per day. The average hourly wind
speed in Cozumel experiences mild seasonal variation over the course of the year.
The windier part of the year lasts for 7.9 months, from October 20 to June 17, with average
wind speeds of more than 8.2 miles per hour. The windiest day of the year is March 15,
with an average hourly wind speed of 9.3 miles per hour. The calmer time of year lasts
for 4.1 months, from June 17 to October 20. The calmest day of the year is August 25, with
an average hourly wind speed of 7.0 miles per hour. From June to November (but with a
higher probability from August to October), there is the risk of hurricanes the Figure 9,
describes the different intensity phases of hurricanes. (Cozumel Weather Atlas, 2020)
Figure 9. Maps of incidence of Hurricanes from face 1 to 5. (AZEL, 2020).
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2.2 Map of the location

The location of the wind and solar farm is planned to be located at 12 km from Cozumel
locality, as it is shown on Figure 9. The project will take 55 hectares.
Figure 10. Location of the project. (AZEL, 2020).
The access to the island is a criterion that was taken into consideration for the planning of
this project. The access to the island is by plane or by ferry from Playa del Carmen. As for
the roads that already exist inside the island, they surround the south and center part of it
as Figure 11 shows.
The advantage of having the roads already makes the project economic and
environmental viable because there will be no need to invest on the access to the wind
and solar farm from its construction until it starts up and the negative impact that the
construction of roads may involve will not be made.
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Figure 11. Map of the principal roads in Cozumel. (AZEL, 2020).
3. Design
3.1 Energy Demand
The activity of electricity consumption on the island of Cozumel varies according to the
time of year, with high consumption seasons being the months of July to September the
highest for energy demand with a maximum ceiling of 45 MW of load demand. However,
the average consumption of the island is around 27 MW of load[ CITATION Jav16 \l 2058 ].
This can be seen in the following Figure 12. Cozumel Island's maximum power demand.
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Figure 12. Cozumel Island's maximum power demand. (Mendoza, 2016)
With a population of 86 415 habitants (INEGI, 2015), the island is one of the most popular
truistic locations of Mexico, therefore, Figure 12 shows, the hotter months of the year (as
mentioned on chapter 3) in Cozumel (from May to August), according to the Secretaría de
Turismo (2013), are also the ones when they receive more tourists. The increase of people
on the island added to the use of electricity for example, on air conditioners due to the hot
and humid climate, elevates the power demand. On these cases, the probability of having
an overload increase.
3.2 Weather
The weather plays an important role when designing the plant considering the main energy
resources are the sun and wind.
According to the Köppen classification the climate is a Am(f) hot humid with rain during
summer (Gobierno de Cozumel, 2011). As it was already mentioned in Chapter 3: Plants
location, the island has a high wind potential (6-7.5 m/s), but it is located on a zone where
hurricanes can take place from June to November. Therefore, this weather condition is
being considered on the selection of the wind turbines in order to avoid the damage or loss
of any of them.
On the other hand, for the solar farm, considering Cozumel island has on average 7.5
sunshine hours per day and an energy potential of 5500-5749 Wh/m 2 (Chapter 3). These
weather conditions make the use of solar panels viable, considering a panel needs in
average 5 hours of sun a day (SOLEN, 2019).
3.3 Geology
The geology of the island is similar to the one found in the Yucatan´s Peninsula, being the
limestone the most abundant rock on the island. According to the Mohs´ scale, it has a
hardness of 3 being 1 the softest and 10 the hardest (Moreno e Ibáñez, s.f.).
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Besides the geology of the island another aspect is the geomorphology. In this case, a
previous study states that Cozumel is part of the geomorphological unit of the Caribbean
plains, being a practically flat relief reaching coasts, in its central part it barely exceeds 20
meters above sea level (MPG Cozumel, 2012).
Within the island, five large geomorphological units can be distinguished:
 Sandy laces
 Sandy beaches
 Rocky low shore
 Plains in the central area of the island
 Low flood plains
 Slightly sloping transitional plains into the central plain and low-lying floodplains.
As Figure 13 shows, the location of the project corresponds to plains.
The information about the geology and geomorphology supports the wind and solar farm
project because the ground it is not rocky, therefore the perforations and constructions
made on the island will not require extra work from heavy machinery. Also, the fact that the
location is plain makes the construction of the farm easier thus it is not necessary to invest
much time nor money on making the terrain even.
Figure 13. Geomorphology of the island. (MPG Cozumel, 2012).
3.4 Legal, environmental, and social framework

HUNAB KU project is planned to be done in Cozumel island which is considered a
protected natural area of Mexico since 2012 by the Diario Oficial de la Federación. It is
important to follow the laws related to the conservation and preservation of the flora and
wildlife.
Figure 14 shows in red color the protected areas of the island, the project is planned to be
done where the vertical blue line is. That location does not affect the reserve.
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Figure 14. Natural protected areas (red), Federal (pink), RAMSAR areas (purple). (AZEL, 2020)
Although the wind and solar farm will not be built on the natural reserved area it is
important to follow the law. In order to do that, a permission will be needed from CONANP
(Comisión de Áreas Naturales Protegidas) and SEMARNAT. Also, a municipal permission
for construction is needed along with an environmental feasibility.
For the wind farm and the solar farm, a permission from SENER is also needed for the
construction of high voltage lines, connection to the network, an authorization to generate
electricity and a license to participate as a generator from the MEM (Susena, 2013).
Once all the permissions are given, the principal NOMs (Normas Oficiales Mexicanas) that
will be considered for this project are the following.
For the environmental aspect, the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. On this NOM the main
purpose is the conservation of the flora and wildlife on the island. Then there is NOM-138-
SEMARNAT/SSA1-2012 which will be considered to avoid contamination in the island.
The NOM-045-SEMARNAT-2017, goes along with NOM-041-SEMARNAT-2015, being
considered for the transport of the material. All the vehicles will be checked prior to its use
and will be also checked during the time they are being use for the project.
Then for the electrical substation, the NOMs that will be considered are NOM-002-SEDE-
2010, before selecting the transformers, this NOM will be verified in order to meet all the
requirements. There is also NOM-001-SEDE-2012, in this one all the technical
specifications of the electrical installation can be found.
Because the wind turbines generate noise, the NOM-081-SEMARNAT-1994 specifies all
the maximum noise data that must be considered so the wind farm does not affect the
people nor wildlife. Also, for the workers the NOM-011-STPS-2001 is about all the security
conditions the workers need to have when working on a noisy place.
Also, the NOM-009-STPS-Vigente.This NOM mentions all the security measures when
working on high places, this applies to the wind farm.
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Continuing with some of the NOMs that are obligatory to follow in Mexico NOM-017-STPS-
2008, this NOM is about the personal protection equipment that will be needed. There is
also NOM-002-STPS-2010, which is about the prevention and protection in case of a fire.
For the solar farm, all the NOMs mentioned above will be also considered except the
NOM-081-SEMARNAT-1994 and NOM-009-STPS-Vigente.
3.5 Design objectives, assumptions, and specifications of the project

Taking into consideration the climate, geography, demography, electric demand, and
energy potential of the island, the amount of energy the project will have to fulfill is
calculated.
As it was mentioned, the peak energy demand of the island is 45MWh/yr, but in order to
get the average energy demand of every month, it was calculated with the information
from Table 11, obtaining 27MWh per month. Considering an error factor of 30%, the result
is 35.1MWh, but to have a bigger storage when the peak demand is presented, the energy
the project will provide is 40MW, considering that amount may not be used completely
every month, it will be stored on a storage system. Therefore, there will always be a
backup in case of a peak demand, a natural disaster or any problem that may be
presented related to the supply.
The technology and size of the farms were decided to fulfill this energy demand of the
island. Therefore, the solar and wind farm will generate 40MW, 20MW each farm. The
area will take 55 hectares considering the wind farm will take 4.5 hectares, the powerpack
1 hectare and the solar farm 40 hectares.
3.5.1 Wind farm

The wind turbines will be provided by SIEMENS GAMESA using the model SG 2.6 114.
This is an onshore wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 114 m, a swept area of 10.207 m 2
and rated power of 2.625 MW. In order to generate 20MW, nine turbines will be installed
on the farm.
The selected model offers different tower options from 63 to 125 m, for this case the tower
is considered to be 100 m. For the blades, they are 56 m long made of fiberglass
reinforced with epoxy or polyester resin and it can be used with the type of wind IEC
IA/IAA/S, this wind is about 50 m/s(Borja, 2009), being able to survive even category 4
hurricanes.
The standard operative temperature goes from -20ºC to 35ºC, which is also suitable for the
weather conditions of the island already mentioned at the beginning of this chapter and on
chapter 3.
It is important to mention that the rated power can go up to 2.9 MW depending on site
conditions and the machine can adapt to high or low temperatures and saline or dusty
environments, which is a good option considering the project is on an island.
For the generator, it is a double fed type, with a voltage of 690 V AC, 50 Hz / 60 Hz
frequency and a power factor 0.95 CAP-0.95 IND over the entire power rang, meaning this
power factor is the one on the output of the generator before it goes into the transformer
(SIEMENS GAMESA, 2020).
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As it was already mentioned, it is planned to install nine wind turbines. The number of
turbines was selected not only to fulfill half of the energy demand on the island but to have
an extra energy supply of 3MW in case one wind turbine gets damaged or needs
maintenance.
The wind farm will occupy 4.5 hectares, the number of hectares were selected taking into
consideration the nine turbines, the diameter of each one that is 114m and a distance
between each wind turbine of 1 km.
3.5.2 Solar farm

In order to provide the remaining 20MW, a solar farm will be built with 50,000 panels.
The company that will provide the panels is SHARP Mexico. Some of the main
characteristics of the solar panel: maximum voltage of 1.500 V, monocrystalline silicon,
performance in shadow conditions, less risk of hot spots, minimum internal loss, tested for
dust and sand, for ammonia and salt fog (SHARP, 2020).
The performance in shadow conditions is a relevant characteristic because of Cozumel´s
weather during summer, considering the high probabilities of rain the weather can be
gloomy. Therefore, a solar panel that could have a good performance no matter the
weather was an important aspect when selecting the panels.
Also, the material of the panel is proved to work with dust and sand conditions which is
also suitable for the island.
The number of solar panels were calculated considering one panel provides 400W.
For this category, the main characteristics that were considered for the selection was the
material, power, and resistance. As well as the solar potential of the island and the number
of solar hours.
3.5.3 Tesla Powerpack

For the backup system, a Tesla Powerpack was selected. Each powerpack has a capacity
of 3MWh, therefore, 250 modules will be used with a capacity of 750 MWh and a
maximum power of 45 MW.
3.6 Market study

The market study of the electricity supply of Cozumel will be based on three important
aspects. The first aspect is the demand for annual electricity consumption, the second is
the amount of greenhouse gas emissions released into the atmosphere, and the third is
the current price for generating electricity from the plants that supply Cozumel. Based on
three sources one that is Rapid Assessment of Energy Use made by SENER 5 with The
Global Bank6 applying the analysis model of ESMAP7 and TRACE8. The second source is
article that is based in the design of generation systems in island and his application to
5
SENER: “Secretaria de Energia” It is the office of the federal executive power in charge of the
administration and regulation of the country's energy resources.
6
The Global Bank With 189 member countries, staff from more than 170 countries, and offices in
over 130 locations, the World Bank Group is a unique global partnership: five institutions working for
sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and build shared prosperity in developing countries.
7
ESMAP is a partnership between the World Bank and 18 partners to help low and middle-income
countries reduce poverty and boost growth through sustainable energy solutions.
15/32
Cozumel. The third source is the PRODESEN 2019-2033 what is the program for the
development of the national electrical system.
It´s estimated that the electricity demand of the island of Cozumel will increase annual
growth rate of 4.34% (2000-2050) according to the economic growth and the increase in
tourism in the area this can be seen in Figure 15. Graphic of Electrical demand 2000 to
2050[ CITATION Jav16 \l 2058 ].
Electrical demand 2000 to 2050

1400
1200
Electrcal Demand GWh
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Year
Figure 15. Graphic of Electrical demand 2000 to 2050. (The authors).
In addition, it was found that CO2e emotions will continue to increase at annual rate of
7.77% between 2000 and 2050, this can be observed in the Figure 16. Graphic of total
pollutant emission of CO2e (KTon) 2000 to 2050. As mentioned above, the safety and
quality of the supply in the “Peninsular” region is in a state of emergency, for this reason
the final generation costs of $USD/GWh are up to 7 times higher than in the other sectors
of the SEN in the MEM [ CITATION PRO18 \l 2058 ]. For this, a graph has been found that
shows the increase and the difference in the cost of $ USD / GWh that each plant has in
SEN and thy revel the specific central that operates in Cancún zone (Figure 16. Graphic of
total pollutant emission of CO2e (KTon) 2000 to 2050.).
8
TRACE The Tool for Rapid Assessment of City Energy (TRACE) is a decision-support system
designed to help cities quickly identify and harness EE opportunities.
16/32
Total pollutant emissions of CO2 (kton) 2000 to

2050
1400
CO2e Emissions kTons 1200

1000
800
600
400
200
0
1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060
Year
Figure 16. Graphic of total pollutant emission of CO2e (KTon) 2000 to 2050. (The authors)
Figure 17. Graphic of increasing cost in Electrical Centrals in SEN ("Peninsular" central Examples).
(PRODESEN, 2018)
17/32
3.7 Business Model

The business model of the HUNAB KU HESS, Cozumel project is based on three aspects,
the Energy System, the location of the plant, and the market study. In addition, to consider
the proposed technologies and the engineering solution, so the main partners and our
clients will be included in the business model, all this can be seen in Table 1.
Table 1. Business Model CANVAS. (The authors)
Key Partne rs Key Activitie s Value Propositions Custome r Relat ionships Custome r s egments
Tec hnology
Sma rt Grid Mana gment the Sma rt grid Provide e nergy se curity to - Sma rt grid CFE
ETAP - Tec hnica l s pe cs (Qua lity the is la nd of Cozume l us ing -High s ecurity supply.
Bus ines s of the cha rge s yste m) rena wa ble e nergies a nd a -High quality Efficie ncy.
- Inves tors - Meteorologica l bac k up stora ge s ystem . - Low cost of ene rgy
-85 % The Global Ba nk. conditions. - Envirom entaly
-15 % Priva t e inves tors . - Economical spec s (Offe r res ponsible .
Gove rnme nt and s oc ial a nd dema nd MEM) - Ba ck up s ys te m.
res ponsibilities - Ge nerator Pla n (Type C)
- SENER
- CFE Key Re suorces Channels
- CENACE
- MEM Wind re surces CFE
-SMN Sola r res urce s - MEM
Ke y suppliers Stora ge bac k up sys t em - CENACE
- SIEMENS GAMESA Big da ta of the sys tem
- TESLA Méxic o Meteorologica l Ce nte r
- SHARP Mé xico
Cost Structure Reve nue Streams
Opera tiona l cost of Sma r grid Se lling The e ne rgy in MEM

Big da ta . Se lling the big data
Equipment (wind a nd s ola r farm, s torage sys te m).
Fa cilitie s.
Employee s .
Adm inistrative depart ment MEM
3.7.1 Economic Viability

Table 2. Economic Viability Farm 1 (Energy,2020)
Farm 1 (Solar Panels, 400 watts each)

Price per MWh 68 USD for sale
Installed capacity (MWh) 20
Landfield required (Hectares) 40
Number of panels 50,000
Number of employees required 10
Budget for disasters (USD) 2,500,000
Profit per year (USD) 3,655,680
Total Investment (USD) 14,188,201
Payback period (Years) 4
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To calculate the economic viability of Farm 1, a solar project that aims to generate the
same amount of MWh that is wanted to achieve in this project was taken as a reference,
said solar farm is located in the eastern plains of Colombia and not in Mexico , due to the
fact that a project with viable economic data was not achieved within the national territory,
that is why it was decided to use a Colombian project, located in the Meta municipality
since it not only has similar technical characteristics but also the horizontal solar irradiation
on This area is very similar to that of the island of Cozumel, which is why it was decided to
collect the technical-economic data to blend it with ours.
Figure 18. Horizontal Solar Radiation in Meta, Colombia. (IDEAM ATLAS,2020).
Figure 19. Horizontal Solar Radiation in Cozumel (AZEL,2020).
As can be seen, the general radiation of the Meta municipality is approximately 5-5.5
KWh/m2, which is very similar to the different radiations per month that the island of
Cozumel has, having a general average horizontal solar radiation of 5.45 KWh/m 2 , making
it possible for us to take this foreign project as a reference.
19/32
Table 3.Economic Viability Farm 2 (Gonzalez,2017).
Farm 2 (Wind Turbines, 2.6MW each)

Price per MWh 68 USD for sale
Installed capacity (MWh) 23.4
Landfield required (Hectares) 4.5
Number of turbines 9
Number of employees required 15
Budget for disasters 2,500,000
Total Investment (USD) 37,600,000
Profit per year (USD) 6,415,718
Payback period (Years) 6
Table 4.Economic Viability for Tesla Megapack (The authors).
TESLA Megapack(3MW)
Installed capacity 270MWh
Power Capacity (MW) 27
Number modules 90
Total, Investment (USD) 54,000,000
With respect to tables 2, 3 and 4, the budgets and established profits are calculated based
on 68 USD per MWh. For the case of Table 2, the generation calculations are taken based
on 8 hours of average sun per day and for Table 3, with 12 hours of potential wind per day.
Tables 2 and 3 have a budget against natural or industrial disasters of 50% of the value of
each farm (percentage agreed by consensus) with which it will be dealt with in the event of
unforeseen claims. This fund, which represents almost 22,000,000 USD, will be created
from an initial 5,000,000 USD which will be submitted to an investment fund of 7% with
monthly capitalization, in order to obtain the desired budget in 22 months.
Table 5.Investment Fund for Disaster Budget. (The authors).
Investment Fund,7% monthly

capitalization
Investment Month
5,000,000 0
5,350,000 1
5,724,500 2
6,125,180 3
6,553,942 4
7,013,101 5
7,504,018 6
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8,029,299 7
8,591,349 8
9,192,743 9
9,836,235 10
10,524,771 11
11,261,504 12
12,049,809 13
12,893,295 14
13,795,834 15
14,761,542 16
15,794,849 17
16,900,488 18
18,083,522 19
19,349,368 20
20,703,823 21
22,153,090 22
To obtain data from Farm 2, a Mexican project was sought that would use the same
2.6MW wind turbines that we are proposing for our project, this project on which we rely is
much more ambitious and aims to supply the electricity demand of a recognized brewery
in the country, the location of the model project is in the municipality of Libres, Puebla.
As can be seen in the figures below, the wind characteristics in both places are very
similar, although Cozumel, as it is at sea level, will always receive higher wind speeds, but
for the economic purposes that are needed, this project works at perfect for collecting this
kind of data.
Figure 20. Wind specifications in Cozumel (AZEL,2020).
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Figure 21. Wind specifications Libres,Puebla (AZEL,2020).
3.7.2 Founding Strategy
Table 6. Founding Strategy. (The authors)
FOUNDING STRATEGY
FINANCIN QUANTIF INTERES SINGLE ANNUAL PAYBAC
G% Y (USD) T PAYMEN PAYMEN K
RATE(%) T (USD) T FOR 14 PERIOD
YEARS (YEARS)
(USD)
GREEN 85 87,406,39 3.5 3,059,223 At the
BONDS 9 end of
the work
PRIVATE 15 15,424,65 15 2,313,698 6.7
INVESTM 8
ET
Investor 3 3,084,931 3 462,739 6.7
#1
Investor 3 3,084,931 3 462,739 6.7
#2
Investor 3 3,084,931 3 462,739 6.7
#3
Investor 3 3,084,931 462,739 6.7
#4 3
Investor 3 3,084,931 3 462, 6.7
#5 739
22/32
The total investment assumes the investment price of the Tesla Powerpacks, the
investment cost of Farm 1 and 2 (not counting the disaster budget) and the 5,000,000
USD needed to grow the investment fund.
The strategy selected to finance the two energy farms will consist of the distribution of
percentages under two main schemes: The first, called "Green Bonds" which are credit
titles issued by public or private institutions that are qualified to handle them, that is, they
are liquid and fixed-income assets that seek to finance sustainable green projects to
ultimately return the return on their investment [ CITATION Her15 \l 2058 ]. The purposes that
can be given to these bonds can be public or private, that is, a state can issue green
bonds as a strategy to achieve the nation's energy transition objectives, supporting with
resources projects that contribute to Energy. Country mix. And, on the other hand, the
private financier only seeks a real economic interest, to make a capital investment based
on interest and royalties.
This project seeks to finance 85% of the total investment through a “Bono Verde
Soberano” from the Secretary of Finance and Public Credit of the Mexican state, where we
will obtain a total of 87,406,399 USD with an approximate interest rate of 3.5% [ CITATION
Gia19 \l 2058 ]. The interest rate must be paid upon completion of the work and the
borrowed money must be justified month after month to the Secretary of the Treasury on
its use and investment. Finally, the remaining 15% will be obtained from private investors,
with which it is expected to obtain 15,424,658 USD from 5 capital contributors, with whom
an annual economic remuneration for 14 years of 15% will be agreed (distributed among
the 5 investors ) on the estimated annual income of the project that represents 10,071,398
USD, that is, for an investment of 3,084,931 USD after 14 years they will have obtained a
return of two times the invested value and managing to recover their money in
approximately 6.7 years after the implementation of the project.
3.8 Hybrid electrical supply of the Cozumel island.

The process synthesis of the hybrid electrical supply of the Cozumel island it consists of
four main systems. The first is the generation system that has two energy sources (wind
and solar) and two energy transform technologies (PV solar panel and horizontal axis wind
turbine). The second process is the storage energy system, this is designed to store the
excess of energy that coms form the generators and release the energy when they cannot
provide the required demand or to compensate the quality of the supply. The third process
is interconnection of the hybrid system to the electric system of Cozumel, through of an
electrical substation composed of transformers and power capacitors. The four process is
the monitoring and control system that is compound of the smart grid, that control and
monitoring the generators and storage system, and the control center that monitoring all
the process of the hybrid electrical supply of generators to the interconnection. This las
process has a unit that collect all the data of the hybrid system in a data base that can be
used in the future to predict scenarios and predispose the configuration of the smart grids
in order to maximize the energy generation and his quality ( Figure 22.Hybrid electric
supply of the Cozumel Island).
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Big data base M&C

MONITORING &
CONTROL CENTER
M&C 24h/365d/yr
O.C
G.P
Solar panels POWER

DCc SMARTGRID S
5500-5749 Wh/m2 SYSTEMS S
M&C
M&C
C.F
O.C
C.F
Cozumel
Storage energy
POWER Electrical ACc (34.5kV) Electrical Grid
system SMARTGRID P
SYSTEMS P Subestation Load: 27MW-
1GWh- 45MW
45MW
M&C
G.F
M&C
C.F
Wind Turbines POWER

ACc SMARTGRID W
8-10.5m/s SYSTEMS W
G.P
O.P
M&C
Figure 22.Hybrid electric supply of the Cozumel Island. (The authors).
3.9 Hybrid electrical supply of the Cozumel island configuration

alternatives.
The four main processes of the hybrid system can have different configurations, which
enter different characteristics and control loops that can adapt to the island of Cozumel.
The first configuration propose is the centralize system on a smart grid (P), the energy
generation and storage systems have a smart grid system that monitors and regulates the
power systems according to the wind / solar generation range and the demand of
Cozumel, the excess of energy will be sent from the smart grid S and W to the storage
system, on the other hand if the system identifies a decrease in generation or a peak in
demand, the storage system will provide energy the extra supply. The Smart grid P will be
the physical connection of the generation and storage systems and the electrical
substation. This entire process will be controlled by the control and monitoring systems of
the control center, the configuration diagram can be observed in Figure 22.Hybrid electric
supply of the Cozumel Island.
The second configuration propose is a centralize system on the electrical substation by a
independent energy network, the difference of this configuration with the previous one is
that the one of the smart grids (S, W, P) are independent and that each one supply the
storage system or the electrical substation in the case of S and W but the P only to the
substation. This configuration gives more control of the energy network and gives the
possibility to operate each smart grid independently and to have the generators plants and
the storage system in different areas of the island (Figure 23).
24/32
Big data base
M&C
Operative conditions
MONITORING &
Generation profiles M&C
CONTROL CENTER
5500-5749 Wh/m2
POWER
Solar panels DCc SMARTGRID S
SYSTEMS S
M&C
Correction Factors
ACc
ACc
Electrical Cozumel
ACc (34.5kV)
Subestation Electrical Grid
Correction factors
POWER
Wind Turbines ACc SMARTGRID W
SYSTEMS W
8-10.5m/s
M&C
Generation profiles
Operative conditions M&C
M&C
ACc
ACc
POWER Storage energy POWER

DCc DCc SMARTGRID P
SYSTEMS P system SYSTEMS P
ACc
Figure 23. Process Synthesis Centralize System in the electrical substation. (The authors).
The third configuration is the independent system. In this system the wind farm and the
storage system are separated but connected in the same node (electrical substation), but
the solar plant can be separated in parts and can be installed in the roof of the biggest
buildings and free areas in Cozumel island and each solar arrangement will have a
storage system. Each Building would be a G.D and can sell the excess of electricity to the
CFE and consume electricity. The solar plans will have an installed power no greater than
0.5 MW in order to enter in the schemes of “New Net Metering” 9. The monitoring and
control of the solar system will be made by the control center. This process synthesis can
b observe in the next Figure 24.
9
It is part of the three low-power interconnection schemes for G.D less than 0.5MW, precedent in
the CRE regulations [ CITATION Jon18 \l 2058 ]
25/32
M&C
Correction factors
MONITORING &
POWER Big data base
Wind Turbines ACc SMARTGRID W CONTROL CENTER
SYSTEMS W
8-10.5m/s
Generation profiles
Operative conditions M&C
M&C
ACc
ACc Electrical Cozumel
ACc (34.5kV)
Subestation Electrical Grid
Storage energy POWER ACc

DCc ACc SMARTGRID P ACc
system SYSTEMS P
DCc ACc
M&C
M&C M&C
ACc
Operative conditions
M&C
Generation profiles
POWER Storage energy ACc Cozumel

Solar panels DCc DCc SMARTGRID S
SYSTEMS S system Buildings
5500-5749 Wh/m2
Correction Factors ACc
M&C
Figure 24. Process Synthesis, Independent solar farms. (The authors).
3.10 Comparison of alternatives

In order to select the best equipment for the project, a research was made, and the two
best models of a wind turbine were analyzed along with two types of mechanism for the
solar panels.
For a better comparison and a more accurate selection, the main characteristics for both
options are placed on Tables 5 and 6. Even though all the characteristics included on the
tables were important for the selection, the economical specs played a bigger role
considering one of the main perspectives of the project is economic.
3.10.1 Solar Farm.

The solar farm could be done with two different types of mechanisms for the solar panels.
As it is shown on Table 5, the options are between having fixed solar panels or use a
single axis solar track for each panel.
Analyzing the options, the capacity of generation of a panel is 400W, this data will remain
the same for both options. The main difference between them is if that the fix panels will
receive sunlight only during the period that they are directly exposed to the sun.
Meanwhile the solar track option as its name calls will follow the sun from left to right on a
single axis, being able to receive sunlight more time compared to the fix one.
Then the economical specs, the price of the solar track will add extra money than the one
considered for the fix solar panels. Since the project aims to provide the best for less, it
was decided not to make that extra investment for the solar track.
Finally, considering the construction of the farm, the fix panels take up more space
compared to the one a panel with a solar track need.
26/32
Table 7. Selection of equipment solar plant. (The authors).
Equipment Generating Use of the sun Economical Installation

characteristic specs Construction
s
PV Fix 400W Only during the Cheaper, less Takes up more
SHARP hours, the solar maintenance space than with
panel receives needed. the solar track.
sunshine.
PV single axis 400W Will follow the Doble cost Takes up less
solar track sunshine on a compared to space than a
single axis (left the fix panels. normal solar
to right). panel because
of its vertical
position.
Datasheet.
The selected equipment for the solar plant is a solar panel of 400w of the brand Sharp NU-JB
series the model selected is the NU-JB395. The general data of this solar panel is shown in the next
Table 8.
Table 8. Datasheet General Data NU-JB395(Sharp).
Table 9. Datasheet Electrical Data (STC) NU-JB395(Sharp)
27/32
Table 10. Datasheet Electrical Data (NMOT) NU-JB395(Sharp).
Table 11. Datasheet, adisional operational data. NU-JB395(Sharp).
3.10.2 Wind Farm.

For the wind farm, two different models from the same supplier, which is SIEMENS
Gamesa, were considered.
Once again, just like the method used for the selection of solar panels, the two wind
turbine models shown on Table 6 were compared, giving a priority to the data related to
the economical specs.
The model SG 5.8 155 has a higher generating potential compared to the SG 2.6 114
model, it also has a larger diameter by 41m, and the tower is taller too. It also endures
hurricanes, this being an important criterion when selecting the wind turbine due to the
hurricanes presented on the location. But it has two main issues. The first one is that it is
an experimental model and second one the price is higher compared to the price of the SG
2.6 114 model.
With a more experimented and used wind turbine and a lower cost, the model SG 2.6 114
was selected.
28/32
Table 12. Selection of equipment wind farm. (The authors)
Equipment Generating Wind Economical Installation

characteristic conditions specs Construction
s
SG 2.6 114 2.6 MW IEC IIA10/IIIA/SIEC 1.5 million Experimented
SIEMENS 690V Acc IIA/IIIA/S USD/MW wind turbine
GAMESA 50Hz/60Hz #>wind turbines
0.95 CAP/0.95 Tower Size:
IND (all rage of 68m to 156m.
potential) Diameter 114m
SG 5.8 155 5.8 MW Middle & higher >1.5 million Experimental
SIEMENS 690V Acc USD/MW Wind turbine
GAMESA 50Hz/60Hz #<wind turbines
Tower Size:
90m to 165m.
Diameter:
155m
Datasheet
For the wind farm the wind turbine SG 2.6 114 was selected to be installed in the plant of Hunab
Ku HESS, this turbines are produce by Siemens Gamesa and the datasheet of the equipment’s is
shown in the next Table 13.
Table 13. Datasheet of SG 2.1-114 wind turbine (Siemens Gamesa).
Also is present the power curve of the wind turbine with the change of wind speed in the next
Figure 25.Datasheet of SG 2.1-114 Power Curve (Siemens Gamesa).
10
Wind clases defned by an International Electotechnical Commissions Stardard (IEC 61400-1) IEC
II 5o years gust 59.5m/s.
29/32
Figure 25.Datasheet of SG 2.1-114 Power Curve (Siemens Gamesa).
3.10.3 Tesla Megapack.

As mention earlier the storage system of Hunab Ku HESS, is going to be powered by a Tesla
Megapack with storage power of 270MWh for that we select the modular units of 3MWh storage
capacity.
Datasheet Tesla Megapack.
30/32
3.11 Mass and energy balance

For the mass and energy balance, the configuration shown on Figure 26 was selected
considering this can be the best configuration for the project.
On the energy balance, the inputs for the solar and wind potential are considered, while
the output is the generated energy.
Big data base M&C

MONITORING &
CONTROL CENTER
M&C
O.C 24h/365d/yr
G.P
Solar panels
58.4GWeh/yr POWER
DCc SMARTGRID S
5500-5749 Wh/m2 SYSTEMS S
2920h/yr M&C
M&C
C.F
O.C Acc
C.F 58.4GWh/yr
Cozumel
Storage energy ACc (34.5kV)
POWER Acc Electrical Electrical Grid
system SMARTGRID P 160.9Wh/yr
SYSTEMS P 160.9gWh/yr Subestation Load: 27MW-
1GWh- 45MW 20-45MW
45MW
M&C
G.F ACc
102.5GWh/yr
M&C
C.F
Wind Turbines
102.5G Wh/yr POWER
ACc SMARTGRID W
8-10.5m/s SYSTEMS W
4380h/yr
G.P
O.P
M&C
Figure 26. Energy Balance of the HUNAB KU HESS, Cozumel
Plant Layout
ISO 50001 Application

The ISO 50001, according to Norms ISO, is a recently published International standard, developed
by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) in which the requirements for energy
management in an organization are determined. https://www.normas-iso.com/iso-50001/
For this project, the ISO certification will be applied considering the diagram shown on Figure 27.
Iso 50001 diagram application
31/32
-Energy
- Maps of Ducument
efficiency of -EnPIs
Activities. Energy -Table of
the systems E.B*system
- Chain Policy O&T
-E.B. -SEUs
comand ISO 50001
1- General requirements
Scope:
- Wind and Solar Farm. 2-Managment 3-Energy Policy 4-Energy Planning
- Megapack. responsibility Energy consumption of
- Control center. TopMang: Improve the operative the system.
Wind team: efficiency of the systems SEUs: Action plans
- Maintenance labors.
Solar Team: of electricity generation - Wind turbines.
Boundaries: Hunab Ku HESS Megapack Team: and maximize the - Megapack.
plant. Control center Team: storage of energy. - Control Center.
7-Mangment Review 6-Checking Performance 5-Implementation &

Top Manager Audit Operation.
Feedback Training
Semanal Meetings. - Demostrate de
corrections package for
Mensual Audits. performance of the
to O&T or employees
operative efficience.
add new
- Identify CSFs
ones.
- Energy-
Efficiency - Energy
Check List -E.B Communications Training Team
- Change in Channels matrix plan - Energy
EnPIs Champion
Figure 27. Iso 50001 diagram application.
General requirement
Breve description del HESS
Provide 40MW/h to Cozumel locality with a solar and wind farm along with a Tesla power package.
Management responsibility
In order to divide the responsibilities of the project, there will be a strategic council which will be
formed by four main teams: wind team, solar team, megapack team and control center team.
The wind team will be in charge of the wind farm and therefore, responsible of all the activities
related to the wind turbines going from performance to maintenance.
The solar team will be in charge of the solar farm, taking part on the solar panels´ supervision.
The megapack team will take care of the backup while the control center team will be in the
control center all the time attending all the needs of the plant in general.
Because someone has to supervise all of the teams, a top manager will be selected along with a
manager for each team.
- The top manager of the Hunab Ku HESS Cozumel.

- Strategic Council: wind, solar, Megapack, control center, teams.
o Maps of the activities in each energy system shown in chapter 3.8 “Hybrid
electrical supply to Cozumel” (page 23).
32/32
Energy Policy
Stablish a stable electrical supply to the island of Cozumel with renewable energy and conserve the integrity
and the longevity of the plant. Improving with the operative efficiency of the systems of electricity
generation and maximize the storage of energy.
15 mayo 2020 DOF electrical stuff
NOMS
NMX
For the project, the NOMs (Normas Oficiales Mexicanas) that will be considered for this
project are the following.
For the environmental aspect, the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010. On this NOM the main
purpose is the conservation of the flora and wildlife on the island. Then there is NOM-138-
SEMARNAT/SSA1-2012 which will be considered to avoid contamination in the island.
The NOM-045-SEMARNAT-2017, goes along with NOM-041-SEMARNAT-2015, being
considered for the transport of the material. All the vehicles will be checked prior to its use
and will be also checked during the time they are being use for the project.
Then for the electrical substation, the NOMs that will be considered are NOM-002-SEDE-
2010, before selecting the transformers, this NOM will be verified in order to meet all the
requirements. There is also NOM-001-SEDE-2012, in this one all the technical
specifications of the electrical installation can be found.
Because the wind turbines generate noise, the NOM-081-SEMARNAT-1994 specifies all
the maximum noise data that must be considered so the wind farm does not affect the
people nor wildlife. Also, for the workers the NOM-011-STPS-2001 is about all the security
conditions the workers need to have when working on a noisy place.
Also, the NOM-009-STPS-Vigente.This NOM mentions all the security measures when
working on high places, this applies to the wind farm.
Continuing with some of the NOMs that are obligatory to follow in Mexico NOM-017-STPS-
2008, this NOM is about the personal protection equipment that will be needed. There is
also NOM-002-STPS-2010, which is about the prevention and protection in case of a fire.
For the solar farm, all the NOMs mentioned above will be also considered except the
NOM-081-SEMARNAT-1994 and NOM-009-STPS-Vigente.
Energy Planning
SEUs
- Wind Turbines: orientation of the edge of attack and rotation of the blades.
- Clean Solar panels.
- Megapack: Refrigeration.
- Control Center refrigeration, computer equipment and illumination:
33/32
- Maintenance of the equipment, mobility cost and labor.

- Workers transportation.
EnPIs (Energy efficiency of the systems)

- Wind turbines: 102GWh/yr = 100% Energy efficiency (EE).
- Solar panels: 58.4GWh/yr= 100%EE.
- Megapack: 270MWh 100%EE.
- Control center: area
- Operation costs: 30 workers 8 vehicles.
Objectives
- Improve the interaction between the generator plants the storage system and the
Cozumel demand in order to maximize the efficiency of Hunan Ku HESS.
- Maximize the energy storage in the Megapack to have a biggest reserve for eventualities.
- Record, process analyze, the data of the Hunab Ku HESS 24/365/yr.
o Weather conditions.
o Generate conditions of wind and solar plants.
o Energy demand of Cozumel.
o Megapack storage conditions capacity.
Targets
- Elevate the time of 800 hours of a stable system, providing a power supply of 40MW(+-5MW).
- Have the always 50% of the storage capacity and have a 100% near to hours of not energy
generation.
Actions Plants
- Energy Balance of the Energy (EB) systems and report them (day cuts, and week reports).
- Electric cars and share ride with workers, (control charge of the cars).
- Thermal buildings, Close doors and windows.
- Turn off equipment and lights.
- Respect the schedules.
- Elaborate check list.
Implementation & Operation.

- Energy Team:
o Managers of the wind, solar, megapack, control center managers.
- Energy Champion
o Top manager of the Hunab ku HESS Cozumel.
- Training in ISO 50001.
o Training package for the employees teaching by the energy team and with all the
information and tools of the iso 50001 of the Hunab Ku HESS.
- Communication Channels.
o Company Email.
o Weekly reports.
o Memorandums.
o Suggestions and complaints mailbox.
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o Social Networks: Faceboock, Whatsapp, Instagram, LinkedIn.

o Energy systems team meetings guided by the managers of the teams.
Checking Performance
- Evaluate the weekly reports of the EB and compare the EnPIs.
- Identify the critical success factors CSFs.
Management Review
- Weeky meeting with the energy team and the energy champion.
- Energy team audit (mensual).
- Energy champion Audit (spontaneous).
- Feedback.
o Correction to the O&T or add new ones.
4 Conclusion
The main goal was to supply electricity by increasing the quality and energy security for
Cozumel island. Current electric consumption of the island was 240 (GWh/yr) with the
carbon emissions of 125 (MtonCO2e). Our objective is intended to generate 102 GWh/yr to
reduce 52 kTons CO2e using two renewable energy sources, wind and solar and a smart
grid monitoring system to interconnect the generation farms with the Cozumel load bus.
Cozumel island is abundant in wind potential and the average wind intensity ranges
between (6-7) m/s with an estimated wind of 12 h/day. whereas the solar potential ranges
between (5500-5749) Wh/m2 with an estimation of 7.5 of sunshine per day.
Electric consumption demand varies mostly in the months of July to September which is
high like 45 MW of load demand. Other than that, on average the demand is 27 MW of
load. Considering an error factor of 30%, the result is 35.1 MWh, but to have a bigger
storage when the peak demand is presented, the energy the project will provide is 40MW.
The technology and size of the farms were decided to fulfill this energy demand of the
island. Therefore, the solar and wind farm will generate 40MW, 20MW each farm. The
area will take 55 hectares considering the wind farm will take 4.5
hectares, the powerpack 1 hectare and the solar farm 40 hectares.
An onshore wind turbine provided by SIEMENS GAMESA using the model SG 2.6 114 is
used in order to generate 20MW, nine turbines will be installed on the wind farm. On the
other hand, to provide the remaining 20MW, a solar farm will be built with 50,000 panels
provided by SHARP Mexico. For the backup system, a Tesla Powerpack was selected.
Each powerpack has a capacity of 3MWh, therefore, 90 modules will be used with
a capacity of 270 MWh and a maximum power of 27 MW (Figure 28).
The economic organization of the project provides a successful panorama in the
generation, financing, and sale of the energy to be produced. The Tesla Powerpacks are a
fundamental piece in the economic generation scheme, since it will be possible to sell
100% of the load produced regardless of the time of day it is required for distribution, this
not only represents technical efficiency but also a total economic efficiency, since the eight
hours a day will be fully productive.
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On the other hand, taking into account all the costs of implementation, technology and
applied engineering for this project, a real way of financing it has been found from the
growing energy awareness of the countries in the world, the so-called "green bonds" we
They will allow obtaining 85% of the necessary investment in exchange for a small
percentage of scheduled interest, the remaining 15% will be obtained through a private
investment model with a very lucrative return on investment that can be paid as soon as it
is started the project.
Figure 28. 3D model scale of the HUNAB KU HESS, Cozumel. (The authors).
6.Bibliography
AZEL. (2016). Atlas Nacional de Energias Renovables. Obtenido de SENER:
https://dgel.energia.gob.mx/azel/mapa.html?lang=es
Carlino, H. (8 de junio de 2015). Finanzas Carbono. Obtenido de
https://web.archive.org/web/20160304085231/http://finanzascarbono.org/noticias/b
onos-verdes-una-fuente-de-recursos-en-rapida-expansion-para-el-financiamiento-
climatico/
DOF. (15 de may de 2020). ACUERDO por el que se emite la Política de Confiabilidad,
Seguridad, Continuidad y Calidad en el Sistema Eléctrico Nacional. Obtenido de
https://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5593425&fecha=15/05/2020
Energy, N. (2020 de octubre de 2020). naturaenergy.net. Obtenido de
https://naturaenergy.net/2020/10/13/trina-solar-inaugura-en-colombia-una-de-tres-
plantas-fotovoltaicas-de-20-mw/
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Gonzalez, V. (28 de marzo de 2017). economíahoy.mx. Obtenido de

https://www.economiahoy.mx/empresas-eAm-
mexico/noticias/8254464/03/17/Iberdorla-invertira-300-mdd-en-parque-eolico-en-
Puebla.html
IRENA. (22 de October de 2020). IRENA. Obtenido de IRENA:
https://www.irena.org/IRENADocuments/Statistical_Profiles/North
%20America/Mexico_North%20America_RE_SP.pdf
JavierMendoza-Vizcaino a, n. A.-A. (2016).
Renewabletechnologiesforgenerationsystemsinislandsandtheir. ELSEVIER, 348-
361.
Londoño, J. J. (28 de Agosto de 2019). Global Energy. Obtenido de
https://globalenergy.mx/noticias/alternativas/mexico-uno-de-los-cinco-paises-con-
mayor-potencial-de-energia-solar-en-el-mundo/
Martínez, I. (4 de abril de 2017). Cancham Mexico. Obtenido de
https://www.canchammx.com/energia-hidroelectrica-en-mexico/#:~:text=En%20M
%C3%A9xico%20hay%2086%20centrales,generaci%C3%B3n%20total
%20durante%20ese%20a%C3%B1o.&text=Una%20planta%20hidroel
%C3%A9ctrica%20genera%20electricidad,por%20el%20movimiento%20de%20ag
Mena, C. (5 de septiembre de 2010). Transparencia.energia.gob.mx. Obtenido de
https://transparencia.energia.gob.mx/estudios_opiniones/archivos/CAP%20VI.pdf
Ortega, P. (13 de enero de 2014). Expo Biomasa. Obtenido de
https://expobiomasa.com/content/el-alto-potencial-en-mexico-del-
aprovechamiento-con-biomasa-de-los-rsu
Oxford, R. (20 de Julio de 2020). evwind.com. Obtenido de
https://www.evwind.com/2020/07/01/mexico-y-su-gran-potencial-de-energia-eolica/
PRODESEN. (2018). PRODESEN. Obtenido de PRODESEN:
https://www.cenace.gob.mx/Docs/Planeacion/ProgramaRNT/Programa%20de
%20Ampliaci%C3%B3n%20y%20Modernizaci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20RNT
%20y%20RGD%202019%20-%202033.pdf
Risari, G. (5 de agosto de 2019). BID. Obtenido de
https://blogs.iadb.org/sostenibilidad/es/bonos-verdes-soberanos-5-razones-para-
tomar-nota-en-lac/#:~:text=Con%20una%20colocaci%C3%B3n%20de
%20USD,fue%20pionero%20en%20varias%20formas.
Silva, J. V. (Agust de 2018). Cre. Obtenido de Cre:
https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/368023/03_Merida_CRE.pdf
UNADE, U. (14 de enero de 2020). UNADE. Obtenido de https://unade.edu.mx/energia-
mareomotriz/#:~:text=En%20M%C3%A9xico%2C%20el%20potencial%20de,hasta
%207%20gigavatios%20(GW).
Cozumel Weather Atlas retrieved on October 15, 2020 from:

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https://www.weather-mx.com/en/mexico/cozumel-climate#:~:text=The%20warmest
%20month%20(with%20the,December%20(28.6%C2%B0C).&text=The%20month
%20with%20the%20highest,June%20(23.8%C2%B0C).
38/32
4 Annexes
4.1 Gantt Chart
4.2 Other relevant side information.

Tesla Powerpack additional information
https://cleantechnica.com/2020/10/05/tesla-megapack-powerpack-powerwall-battery-storage
prices/#:~:text=The%20Tesla%20Megapack%20now%20comes,Musk's%20comments%20to%20me%20today
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PROYECTO COZUMEL Fotovoltaica

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HUNAB KU Team HUNAB KU HESS, Cozumel LIY4101

1.2 Actual situation of the energy system supply in Mexico

Figure 1. Map of SEN 9 regions. (PRODESEN, 2018).

Figure 2. Diagram of SEN "Peninsular" region. (PRODESEN, 2018).

Figure 3.Diagram of the TL that supply Cozumel. (PRODESEN, 2018).

1.3 Project challenges

1.4 Project perspective

Eniromental responsa ble

- Natural areas reserve Law: - Habitants of Cozumel.

Technical System Economical System

- Installed Capacity. Costs : - Suppliers.

Figure 4. Energy System of HUNAB KU HESS, Cozumel. (The authors).

1.5 Structure of the report

Find an energy need to supply

Figure 5. Workflow Diagram. (The authors).

Figure 6. Map of Solar energy potential. (AZEL, 2020).

Figure 7. Map of Wind Energy potential of Cozumel Island. (AZEL, 2020).

Figure 9. Maps of incidence of Hurricanes from face 1 to 5. (AZEL, 2020).

2.2 Map of the location

Figure 10. Location of the project. (AZEL, 2020).

Figure 11. Map of the principal roads in Cozumel. (AZEL, 2020).

Figure 12. Cozumel Island's maximum power demand. (Mendoza, 2016)

Figure 13. Geomorphology of the island. (MPG Cozumel, 2012).

3.4 Legal, environmental, and social framework

3.5 Design objectives, assumptions, and specifications of the project

3.5.1 Wind farm

3.5.2 Solar farm

3.5.3 Tesla Powerpack

3.6 Market study

Electrical demand 2000 to 2050

Figure 15. Graphic of Electrical demand 2000 to 2050. (The authors).

Total pollutant emissions of CO2 (kton) 2000 to

CO2e Emissions kTons 1200

3.7 Business Model

Cost Structure Reve nue Streams

Opera tiona l cost of Sma r grid Se lling The e ne rgy in MEM

3.7.1 Economic Viability

Farm 1 (Solar Panels, 400 watts each)

Figure 18. Horizontal Solar Radiation in Meta, Colombia. (IDEAM ATLAS,2020).

Figure 19. Horizontal Solar Radiation in Cozumel (AZEL,2020).

Table 3.Economic Viability Farm 2 (Gonzalez,2017).

Farm 2 (Wind Turbines, 2.6MW each)

Table 4.Economic Viability for Tesla Megapack (The authors).

Investment Fund,7% monthly

Figure 20. Wind specifications in Cozumel (AZEL,2020).

Figure 21. Wind specifications Libres,Puebla (AZEL,2020).

3.7.2 Founding Strategy

Table 6. Founding Strategy. (The authors)

3.8 Hybrid electrical supply of the Cozumel island.

Big data base M&C

Solar panels POWER

Wind Turbines POWER

Figure 22.Hybrid electric supply of the Cozumel Island. (The authors).

3.9 Hybrid electrical supply of the Cozumel island configuration

Big data base

POWER Storage energy POWER

Storage energy POWER ACc

POWER Storage energy ACc Cozumel

Figure 24. Process Synthesis, Independent solar farms. (The authors).