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Ecg Circuit

1) An ECG circuit measures the electrical signals of the heart to provide objective health information. 2) The basic components needed to build an ECG circuit are a breadboard, operational amplifiers, resistors, capacitors, wires, diodes, and electrodes. 3) The circuit design includes stages for protection, instrumentation amplification, isolation, notch filtering, high-pass filtering, low-pass filtering, and an isolated power supply to measure the heart's electrical signals while protecting the user.

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Abdullah Afifi
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744 views12 pages

Ecg Circuit

1) An ECG circuit measures the electrical signals of the heart to provide objective health information. 2) The basic components needed to build an ECG circuit are a breadboard, operational amplifiers, resistors, capacitors, wires, diodes, and electrodes. 3) The circuit design includes stages for protection, instrumentation amplification, isolation, notch filtering, high-pass filtering, low-pass filtering, and an isolated power supply to measure the heart's electrical signals while protecting the user.

Uploaded by

Abdullah Afifi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Circuit
Electrocardiogram (ECG) Circuit

Many electrical devices are used to measure and record biological activity in
the human body. One such device is the electrocardiogram, which measures
the electrical signals produced by the heart. These signals give objective
information about the structure and function of the heart. The ECG was first
developed in 1887 and gave physicians a new way to diagnose heart
complications. ECGs can detect heart rhythm, heart rate, heart attacks,
inadequate blood and oxygen supply to the heart, and structural
abnormalities. Using simple circuit design, an ECG can be made that could

monitor all of these things.


Basic materials needed to build the circuit They

include:
1- Breadboard

2- Operational amplifiers (Lm741)

3- Resistors

4- Capacitors

5- Wires

6- diodes

7- Stick-on electrodes

Design Steps

1- protection circuit
the proposed circuit successfully limits the high voltage surges
and current spikes to 1.5 TO 2.5 Volts and 50 to 150
microamperes respectively and generates negligible leakage
current.
The low pass filter at input stage with cut-off frequency of 3.48
KHz provides electrosurgical RF unit noise cancellation and also
avoids phase distortion of ECG signal

2-Instrumentation Amplifier :
We will use the next values for sitting up the Instrumentation
op amp parameters
R1= 1.8 kΩ, R2=8.2 kΩ, R3 = 1.5 kΩ, and R4 =15 kΩ.
K1 is the gain of the first stage (OA1 and OA2), and K2 is the
gain of the second stage (OA3). Equal capacitance bypass
capacitors are used on the power supplies of the operational
amplifiers to remove noise.

3- Isolation stage:
[

This stage provides a physical separation between the patient


and the power supply but serves as a bridge which enables the
signal to travel through a 2pF capacitive barrier.
The ISO124 has a unitary gain so the signal is not amplified as it
passes through but has a maximum leakage current at 60 Hz of
0.5 μA and a barrier impedance of 1014Ω (at 60Hz) which
makes it adequate.
This isolation stage consists of:
1- ISO124
2-4 Batteries of capacitors

Or we can use an optocoupler and isolation Op-Amp (buffer )


4- Notch Filter
We will use a notch filter to remove the 50 Hz noise present in
power supplies

5- High-pass Filter
The high-pass filter is used so that frequencies below a certain
cut-off value are not recorded, allowing a clean signal to be
passed through. The cut-off frequency is chosen to be 0.5 Hz (a
standard value for ECG monitors).
How to build it:
The resistor and capacitor values needed to achieve this are
seen below. Our actual resistance used was 318.2 kΩ
R = 1/(2*pi*f*C)
set f = 0.5 Hz, and C = 1 uF
Calculate R. Our value is 318.310 kΩ

6- low-pass Filter:
The last stage of the device is an active low-pass filter. The ECG
signal is made of many different waveforms, which each have
their own frequency. We want to capture all these, without any
high-frequency noise. The standard cutoff frequency for ECG
monitors of 150 Hz is selected. (Higher cutoffs are sometimes
chosen to monitor for specific heart problems, but for our
project, we will use a normal cutoff.)
If you would like to make a simpler circuit, you could also use a
passive low-pass filter. This will not include an op amp, and will
consist of just a resistor in series with a capacitor. The output
voltage will be measured across the capacitor.
7-Driven Right Leg
The DRL is an inverter operational amplifier with a gain of -10
that is connected to the patient via the 3rd electrode. As
commented before, this stage reduces the common mode
effect and the value of its resistances was obtained using the
following equation:

G = −R2\ R1 = −10

The values chosen for the resistances of this amplifier were


R1=1kΩ and R2=10kΩ
8- isolation power supply:

Isolated power supplies transfer power from one circuit to


another without a direct connection between the two circuits.
Power isolation protects electronic loads and equipment
operators from exposure to high voltages. Power isolation also
prevents ground loops, which produce parasitic currents that
can disrupt the output voltage regulation and can introduce
galvanic corrosion of the conducting traces. Isolated power
supplies are routinely utilized in industrial, consumer, and
telecom applications concerned with the protection of sensitive
loads and the long-term reliability of the equipment.

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