University of Human Development

College of Science and Technology

Department of Information Technology

Class 1

Cloud Computing
 Course Administration and Policies
n You have to contact me through UHD email!
n [email protected]

n Put “Cloud Computing” in subject title when

you send me emails.

n Course Notes (Class Slides), Labs and

Solutions, Question Bank, Course Book and all

other martials will be available weekly on the
website at:
http://sites.uhd.edu.iq/dana-abd/teaching/
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 Course Administration and Policies
n During live class, please:
n No speak with classmate.

n You have quiz every week (TH+P) if you do

not have paper and pen I will get you out.

n If you have questions please raise your hand.

n Not get out during class.

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 Course Administration and Policies
n Turn off mobile devices before you sit.
n Be in class before I come to class if you late

more than 10 minutes please do not come in to

class.
n Lecture break is 10 Minutes, more late do not

come in.
n Group change or need permission will be done

by head of department.

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 Marking
n Grade Components:
n 60% Pre-final and Quizes
n 20% - Theory Exam
n 10% - Practical Exam
n 20% - Mini-Exam (Quiz), every week
n 10% - Presentation (By Group)

n 40% Final Exam

n 40% - Theory Exam

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 Content
§ Introduction to Data Center
§ Introduction to Cloud Computing
§ Trends of Computing
§ Essential Characteristics of Cloud Computing
§ Benefits of Cloud Computing System
§ Service in Cloud Computing
§ Security in Cloud Computing
§ Accessing to Cloud computing
§ Cloud Computing Technologies
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 What is a data center?
n A data center is a secure physical space that houses Mainframes,
Servers, Disks, Routers/Switches and other computer related
hardware.
n Data centers are simply centralized locations where computing
and networking equipment is concentrated for the purpose of
collecting, storing, processing, distributing or allowing access to
large amounts of data.
n Data centers are construed in two ways. One is in-house data
center where the IT is maintained and managed by the
organization's technical professionals.
n The second form where an organization houses the IT at a third-
party data center and utilize their servers and other infrastructure
to make their data accessible to consumers.
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Introduction to SDN

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Introduction to SDN

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Introduction to SDN

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 Data Center vs Cloud
n Until recently, the traditional data center model was
of a secure location inside an organization's
headquarters run by a dedicated staff of computer
professionals who assure that everything is
functioning, as it should.
n The organization owned, and managed the entire data
center operation. For many organizations, the job of
running a data center is an expensive and complicated
burden.
n The cloud stores your data in the public cloud, while
a data center stores your data on your own hardware.11
 Data Center vs Cloud
n Cloud' computing is the latest form of data center and
computer services outsourcing.
n Cloud services providers setup data centers for use by their
clients. Companies can lease the computer resources they need
from a provider who will manage a shared, secure, data center
for other companies.
n Most providers offer redundancy by creating multiple data
centers. Cloud service providers keep current with industry
standards and understand the need for privacy and security.
n Cloud services providers market cloud computing as a utility
or a service. This utility model allows customers to purchase
only what they need and to scale up or down their services as
needed. 12
 The Next Revolution in IT
The Big Switch in IT
Classical Computing Cloud Computing
Buy & Own Subscribe
Hardware, System Use
Software, Applications
often to meet peak needs.
Every 18 months?

Install, Configure, Test,

Verify
Manage
..
Finally, use it n $
$$$$....$(High CapEx)
- pay for what you use,
based on QoS
Introduction to SDN

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 Creating an Economic Model of the Data Center

§ List of the possible costs

n Server costs
n Storage costs
n Network costs
n Backup and archive costs
n Disaster recovery costs
n Data center infrastructure costs

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 The “Cloud”
§ The term “cloud” is often used as a metaphor for the Internet.
§ A simplified way to represent the complicated operations in the
network
§ Currently, the term “cloud” is further used as an abstraction of
complexities
§ E.g., servers, applications, data, and platforms

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 Computing in Computer Science
§ Computing includes
§ Designing and building hardware and software systems for a wide range
of purposes
§ Processing, structuring, and managing various kinds of information
§ Doing scientific studies using computers
§ Making computer systems behave intelligently
§ Creating and using communications
• …

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 Trends of Computing:
§ A computer system in which several interconnected
computers share the computing tasks assigned to
the system

§ Trends of Computing:
§ Utility computing
§ Cluster computing
§ Grid computing
§ Autonomic Computing

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 Phases of Computing Paradigms

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 Cluster Computing (Cont.)
§ A cluster is a type of parallel and distributed system,
which consists of a collection of inter-connected stand-
alone computers working together as a single integrated
computing resource

§ Generally two or more computers (nodes) connected together

§ refer to a group of machines that work together that perform a
similar function.
§ the resources are centrally managed, typically by a single
system.
§ usually located in a single physical space (such as a LAN).

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Cluster Computing

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 Grid Computing (Cont.)
§ Grid computing (also called "distributed computing") is
a collection of computers working together to perform
various tasks.

§ distributes the workload across multiple systems, allowing

computers to contribute their individual resources to a
common goal.
§ similar to a cluster, but each system (or node) on a grid
has its own resource manager.
§ often incorporates systems in several different locations
(such as a WAN).

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Grid Computing

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Introduction to SDN

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 Utility Computing
§ Utility computing is a computing business model in
which the provider owns, operates and manages
the computing infrastructure and resources.
§ the subscribers accesses it as and when required on a rental or
metered basis.
§ Provide the basic level of computing service that is considered
essential to meet the everyday needs
§ Users access services based on their requirements without
regard to where the services are hosted or how they are
delivered.

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 Cloud Computing – A New
Paradigm
§ An IT service delivered to users that provides:
§ A simple user interface that automatically provisions IT
resources
§ Capacity on demand with massive scalability 2009
§ Innovative service delivery models for applications

Cloud Computing
1990 Software as a Service
• Anytime,
anywhere
Utility Computing • Network-based access to
Grid Computing subscriptions to resources
• Offering computing
applications delivered
• Solving large resources as a
metered service dynamically as
problems with
a service
parallel computing

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 Autonomic Computing
n Develop computer systems capable of self-management
n to overcome the rapidly growing complexity of computing
systems management
n Improve systems by decreasing human involvement in their
operation.
n Four functional areas :
n Self-Configuration
n Automatic configuration of components.
n Self-Healing
n Automatic discovery, and correction of faults.
n Self-Optimization
n Automatic monitoring and control of resources.
n Self-Protection
n Proactive identification and protection from attacks.

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Roots of Cloud Computing
 What is cloud computing?
n Cloud is a parallel and distributed computing system consisting of a
collection of inter-connected and virtualized computers that are
dynamically provisioned and presented as one or more unified computing
resources based on service-level agreements (SLA). - Buyya

n Data center hardware and software that provide services. - Armbrust

n Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—servers, storage,

databases, networking, software, analytics, and more—over the Internet
(“the cloud”). – Microsoft

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 Introduction to SDN

n Cloud computing allows anyone with a credit card to provision

virtual hardware, runtime environments, and services
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Cloud Computing

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Cloud Computing: In a Glance
 Essential Characteristics of Cloud
Computing (Cont.)
§ On-demand self-service:
§ computer services (applications, network service)can be
provided without requiring human interaction with each
service provider.
§ Broad network access:
§ access over the network through standard mechanisms
that used by client platforms (mobile, laptops, tablet …).

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 Essential Characteristics of Cloud Computing
§ Resource pooling:
§ resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers .
§ resources include among others storage, processing, memory,
network bandwidth, virtual machines and email services.

§ Rapid elasticity:
§ expanded automatically (more cpu power, additional users).
§ seamless and responsive to customer changing requirements.

§ Measured service:
§ resource usage can be measured, controlled, and reported
§ providing transparency for both the provider and consumer.

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Introduction to SDN

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Benefits of Cloud Computing

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 Consumer’s benefits
§ Users do not care about how the works are done
§ instead, they only concern about what they can get
§ Users do not care about what the provider actually did
§ Instead, they only concern about their quality of service
§ Users do not want to own the physical infrastructure
§ Instead, they only want to pay as many as they used

§ What dose user really care ?

§ They only care about their “Service”

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 Cloud Computing Players …

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 Service in Cloud Computing
§ Service is what you connect together using
§ Web Service
§ self-describing modules that perform
§ discrete units of work and are available
§ over the network.
§ Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
§ a collection of services which communicate with
each other
§ HTTP, XML
§ Common mechanism for delivering service

§ Quality of Service (QoS)

§ a set of technologies for managing network
traffic in a cost effective.
§ A service-level agreement (SLA)
§ a contract between a network service provider
and a customer that specifies, usually in
measurable terms (QoS).
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 Billing System in Cloud Computing

§ Billing System in Cloud

§ Users pay as many as they used.
§ Cloud provider determine the list of service usage price.
§ Cloud provider record the resource or service usage of each
user.
§ How can cloud provider know users’ usage ?
§ Get information by monitoring system
§ Physical and virtual hardware state, Resource performance
metrics and Network access
§ Automatically calculate the total amount of money which user
should pay and request money from use’s banking account

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Introduction to SDN

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Introduction to SDN

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 System Security in Cloud Computing(Cont.)
§ Security issue in Cloud Computing :
§ Cloud security is an evolving sub-domain of computer security,
network security, and information security.

§ refers to set of policies, technologies, and controls deployed to

protect data, applications, and infrastructure of cloud
computing.

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 System Security in Cloud Computing
§ Important security and privacy issues :
§ Data Protection:
§ protected data from one customer from that of another.
§ Identity Management:
§ use enterprise identity management system to control access to
information and computing resources.
§ Application Security:
§ ensure that applications available as a service via the cloud are secure.
§ Privacy:
§ ensure that all critical data are only authorized users have access to
data in its entirety.

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 Cloud Computing Features
n Scalability and on-demand services
n Cloud computing provides resources and services for
users on demand. The resources are scalable over several
data centers.
n User-centric interface
n accesses by interfaces (Web services and Internet
browsers).
n Guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS)
n for users (hardware/CPU performance, bandwidth, ..)
n Autonomous system
n managed transparently to users
n software and data can be automatically reconfigured
n Pricing
n Users pay for services and capacity as they need them.

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 Cloud Computing Platforms
n Pricing for cloud platforms and services is based on:
n Storage is typically measured as average daily amount of

data stored in GB over a monthly period.

n Bandwidth is measured by calculating the total amount

of data transferred in and out of platform service

n Compute is measured as the time units needed to run an

application, or machine to servicing requests.

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 Cloud Computing Challenges
n Cloud computing challenges:
n Performance

n Security and Privacy

n Control

n Bandwidth Costs

n Reliability

n ….

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 Accessing to Cloud computing
n Clients
n Clients are, in a cloud computing architecture, the exact
same things that they are in a plain, old, everyday local
area network (LAN).
n They are, typically, the computers that just sit on your
desk. But they might also be laptops, tablet computers,
mobile phones, or PDAs—all big drivers for cloud
computing because of their mobility.

n Anyway, clients are the devices that the end users interact
with to manage their information on the cloud.

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 Accessing to Cloud computing
n Clients generally fall into three categories:

n Mobile Mobile devices include PDAs or smartphones, like a

Blackberry, Windows Mobile Smartphone, or an iPhone.
n Thin Clients are computers that do not have internal hard drives, but
rather let the server do all the work, but then display the information.
n Thick This type of client is a regular computer, using a web browser
like Firefox or Internet Explorer to connect to the cloud.
n Some thin clients require an application program or a web browser to
communicate with the server.

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Introduction to SDN

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 Cloud Computing Technologies
n The following platforms are key examples of technologies available
for cloud computing.
n Google AppEngine is a scalable runtime environment mostly devoted to
executing Web applications. These take advantage of the large computing
infrastructure of Google to dynamically scale as the demand varies over
time.

n Amazon web services (AWS): AWS offers comprehensive cloud IaaS

services ranging from virtual compute, storage, and networking to
complete computing stacks.

n AWS is mostly known for its compute and storage-on demand services,
namely Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple Storage Service (S3).

n Microsoft Azure is a cloud operating system and a platform for developing

applications in the cloud. It provides a scalable runtime environment for Web
applications and distributed applications in general.
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Introduction to SDN

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