User Guide: Siemens PLM Software
User Guide: Siemens PLM Software
EHP
User Guide
Version
12.04 www.siemens.com/mdx
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EHP v12.04 | User Guide
Contents
EHP (Estimating Hull Performance) is an add-on to STAR-CCM+ that provides a dedicated user interface to
guide you through simulations of ship hull motion in calm water. EHP is designed for analyses of displacement
hulls with no appendages.
EHP helps you set up and run a hull performance simulation. In EHP, you create a testing matrix for your
simulation that consists of a range of hull speeds. The process runs through the entire range of hull speeds
whereby each subsequent simulation uses the previous simulation results as its initial condition. On
completion, EHP provides a PowerPoint report that contains marine-specific graphs and images of the results
for each hull speed.
You do not require a detailed knowledge of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in order to use the tool.
However, you still have access to the full functionality of STAR-CCM+ if you want to modify your model or
move to simulating more complex scenarios.
The EHP user interface consists of several panels that you work through sequentially in setting up a simulation.
In the background, EHP defines the models and parameters that are required for the analysis in the STAR-CCM+
simulation tree.
Inside EHP
EHP sets up many aspects of the hull performance simulation based on best practices such as:
• Extents of the geometrical domain
• Refinements of the volume mesh near the water surface and around the hull
• Transient simulation and time-step
• Wave damping
• Physical runtime
Geometry
The computational domain is defined by a virtual towing tank. You import the hull geometry and EHP
creates a block—the virtual towing tank—around it.
The extents of the computational domain are determined automatically and depend on the hull's length
between perpendiculars (Lpp). The parameter LFar is defined as a function of the Froude number and wake
wave lengths, as given in the formulae below.
There are three volumetric refinements to resolve the free surface. In the vertical direction, these
refinements are sized to be approximately equal to the stagnation height of water at Fn = 0.15, 0.275, and
0.4. The stagnation height is the highest possible height that the water can reach due to the speed. The
volumetric free surface refinements are centered around z = 0. The mesh spacing within the refinements is
determined such that an even number of cells result. With an even number of cells, there is one cell above
and one cell below the calm water-line during initialization. This arrangement results in a volume fraction of
1 for water and 0 for air in these cells, thus giving a distinct discontinuity at the free surface. A distinct
discontinuity of volume fraction avoids numerical diffusion.
Time-Step
EHP defines the simulation as a transient turbulent multiphase simulation. EHP uses the Volume of Fluid
(VOF) method in order to solve for the development of the free surface (that is, the phase interface
between water and air). The k-ϵ model accounts for turbulence. The implicit unsteady solver uses a time-
step that is automatically calculated as:
C ⋅ ΔxHull
Δt = (1)
vHull
where C is the Courant number, ΔxHull is the cell size at the hull, and vHull is the velocity of the hull.
where:
LB = 0.4925 ⋅ Fn−0.8 ⋅ λ Buffer length—the distance between the hull and the location where
damping ends
2π
λ= g
⋅ v2s Deep water wake wave length
2π
λmax = g
⋅ v2s Wake wave length at maximum allowed ship speed
max
vs
Fn = Froude number
g ⋅ LWL
LWL
ts = vs
Ship convective time scale
vs Ship speed
Froude Scaling
EHP can simulate ship hulls in model scale or in full scale. When you perform a simulation in model scale,
EHP applies the Froude scaling procedure to scale up results for drag and estimated power to full scale.
These scaled full scale results are then output to the PowerPoint report.
The Froude scaling method is analogous to the industry best practice that is promulgated by the
International Towing Tank Convention (ITTC) without the Prohaska form factor correction.
The method assumes that the residuary drag coefficient of the ship at model scale and of the ship at full
scale are equal:
DRM
CRS = CRM = 1
(3)
ρ v2 S
2 M M M
With Eqn. (3), the pressure drag at full scale can be obtained as:
1
DRS = CRS ρSv2SSS (4)
2
The frictional drag coefficient ITTC-57 flat plate friction line is given by:
0.075
CFS = 2
(5)
log Re S − 2
Using Eqn. (5), the frictional drag at full scale can be computed as:
1
DFS = CFS ρSv2SSS (6)
2
The total drag coefficient at full scale is the sum of the frictional and pressure drag coefficients:
CTS = CRS + CFS (7)
The estimated hydrodynamic power at full scale can then be calculated as:
PE = EHP = DTSvS (9)
where:
LS
λ= L
Model scale factor
M
Physical Runtime
The physical runtime of the simulation is determined automatically. For each hull speed, EHP monitors the
average resistance of the hull. If the average resistance oscillates less than 0.5% over the last 500 time-
steps, the run stops. If the stopping criterion is never fulfilled, the simulation stops after a maximum
number of time-steps of 7500 for the first hull speed, and after 3500 time-steps for each additional hull
speed.
Contents:
Installing EHP
Launching EHP
Setting up a Hull Performance Simulation
Hull Parameters Reference
Results Type Reference
Installing EHP
Estimating Hull Performance (EHP) is provided as a separate plugin to STAR-CCM+ that you download from the
Steve Portal. EHP requires a separate license.
If you do not have your account information, contact your account manager.
To install EHP:
1. In a web browser, log in to the Steve portal and click next to Tools.
Launching EHP
To launch EHP:
The EHP license feature is checked out and the EHP user interface appears.
Note: Ensure that no unrelated STAR-CCM+ simulation files are loaded before starting EHP as this will
cause errors.
4. Enter the project name, which will also be used for naming the .ehp and .sim files by default (with any
spaces removed).
You set up a hull performance simulation by going through the panels of EHP from first to last. Each panel
represents a major step of the workflow for setting up the simulation.
Contents:
Importing and Orienting the Hull Geometry
Positioning the Hull Geometry
Checking the Hull Geometry
Defining Hull Parameters
Reporting Results
Specifying Test Parameters
You can import the hull geometry in several different formats. These formats can either be tessellated surface
information or CAD-based geometry. If the geometry is not appropriately aligned with the axes of the
coordinate system, reorient the hull.
This scale factor is defined as the ratio of the full-scale hull to the imported model-scale hull.
Consequently, specify the scale factor as greater or equal to one. EHP does not use the scale factor to scale
up the model geometrically. EHP applies the scale factor to adjust the model-scale results to full-scale ship
results based on the Froude scaling method.
4. Click Import Geometry, navigate to the geometry file to import, then click Open.
The hull geometry is imported and plotted in the output window in the default orientation.
The imported geometry must be aligned with the axes of the coordinate system such that the bow points in
the +X direction, the port points in the +Y direction, and the deck points in the +Z direction. If the orientation
of the imported geometry does not conform to the expected directions, reorient the geometry.
5. Depending on how the imported hull geometry is oriented in the output window, do one of the following:
Corresponds to one of the three alternative 1. Select the option that represents the imported
orientations, [Bow +x, Deck -z, Port +y], [Bow orientation.
-x, Deck +z, Port -y], or [Bow -x, Deck -z, Port 2. Click Reorient Geometry, then Next.
+y].
Does not correspond to the default or 1. Activate Manually select directions and set the
alternative orientations. Deck and Bow directions.
2. Click Reorient Geometry, then Next.
EHP requires that the imported hull geometry is positioned with the aft-perpendicular located at x=0, the
centerline at y=0, and the design water line (DWL) at z=0. If the imported geometry is not in the correct
position, you can use the x 1 and x10 buttons to shift the geometry incrementally in certain coordinate
directions.
If you import a half-hull geometry, make sure to position all centerline vertices of the geometry at y=0 or
slightly below (y<0). This positioning is important for the subsequent surface check to close the half-hull
geometry off correctly. To avoid any issues with this surface repair step, you are advised to import a full-hull
geometry.
EHP gives you an estimate of the geometric extents of the imported hull with respect to the coordinate system
that is displayed in the STAR-CCM+ Output window. The geometric values are:
• Hull Beam
• Hull Depth
• Draught
You can use these values to verify that the hull is in the correct position.
EHP automatically estimates the value for Reference Length to correspond to Lpp. This reference length is
used to compute related values, such as the geometric coefficients in the Hull Parameters panel or the position
of the wave cut plots in the Report panel.
1. (Optional) To specify a reference length other than Lpp, set Reference Length to a user-defined value and
activate Freeze.
This reference length is fixed even when you reposition the hull. The fixed reference length value is used
for the computation of related values.
2. Set the Unit that applies to the center distance value.
The scale in the Output window remains in m.
3. Select the direction in which to adjust the hull position:
Direction Steps
Before a volume mesh of the computational domain is created, the surface mesh of the imported geometry
must be closed and error-free. EHP checks the surface geometry and runs a surface repair tool automatically to
prepare or fix the imported hull geometry. If EHP finds errors that the automatic surface repair cannot fix,
repair the surface manually.
Note: EHP detects whether the hull geometry is a full hull or an open half-hull and prepares the
generation of the volume mesh accordingly. EHP requires a half-hull model to be open about the
symmetry plane.
Surface Steps
Check Result
No Errors • Click Next.
found!
Found errors 1. Click Start Surface Repair Tool.
in surface
The surface repair tool runs the surface diagnostics and appears over the simulation
tree of STAR-CCM+. The hull geometry is displayed in the Output window with the
errors highlighted.
2. Use the surface repair tool to fix the marked errors in the surface.
3. Click Close.
4. Bring the EHP window back to the foreground and return to the Prepare Hull panel.
5. (Optional) Click Export Geometry.
The surface repair tool is not part of EHP, but starts within STAR-CCM+. For more information on how to
use it, see the STAR-CCM+ User Guide, section User Guide > Modeling Geometry > The Surface Repair Tool
> Repairing Surfaces.
After the hull geometry is error-free, you can optionally specify an initial trim for the hull. If the geometry has a
superstructure, you can also choose to omit the superstructure by clipping the geometry along a height that
you define. EHP calculates weight by initial sinkage. Therefore, the superstructure is not needed to calculate
weight and, if included, would slow down the simulation. Make sure that the clip height is above the designed
maximum water level for the speeds that you plan to run.
Note: First, clip the superstructure and commit this setting, then set the initial trim and commit. You can
use Reset to revert any entered values to default. Make sure that you reset the values in the
opposite order from setting them.
To clip a superstructure:
In EHP, you set fluid properties for water such as density and dynamic viscosity. EHP estimates and displays
parameters for hull geometry, basic intact hydrostatics, and inertia.
Reporting Results
EHP creates a report in PowerPoint format at the end of the simulation. You select the plots and scenes to
include in the report.
The plots that EHP generates for the report correspond to an internal format. To analyze the underlying plot
data with an external spreadsheet software of your choice, you can optionally activate the output of tabular
plot data in .csv format.
To report results:
1. (Optional) To use a customized PowerPoint template, for example, with the logo of your company, click
Load Template (Optional).
Valid formats are .pot, .potm, .potx.
2. Activate the plots and scenes to include in the report.
See Results Type Reference for details on available plots and scenes.
3. (Optional) To export tabular plot data, activate Create CSV File? next to the corresponding plot.
4. Click Next.
In the Test Parameters tab, you specify the settings for the overall testing matrix. You specify the hull speeds,
the degrees of freedom on motion of the hull, and the mesh resolution. When the settings are complete, you
generate the volume mesh.
1. Specify the nominal cell size of the volume mesh by setting the BaseSize.
Specify the Mesh Size on Hull, either by setting the Denominator, or the Base Size values (setting one
will change the other accordingly).
2. (Optional) Set up the simulation without generating the mesh:
a) Activate Do Not Generate Mesh
b) Set the velocity range and units using the procedure detailed in Step 5.
The simulation (physics, boundary conditions, and mesh settings) is set up, but the volume mesh is
not generated. Experienced STAR-CCM+ users may choose this option in order to modify the default
mesh settings manually in the simulation tree (for example, the extent and position of the volumetric
refinements).
Note: The Morpher meshing feature is a Beta version and only works for the interactive single
velocity calculation. It does not currently work in batch mode.
Note: To solve for one velocity in batch mode, set the Minimum and Maximum velocities as
equal. The value of Delta is ignored in this case.
The test velocity set is updated with the specified values. Any previous test velocity set is
overwritten.
5. Click on an entry in the Velocity Table. Right-click to obtain options for adding, deleting or
copying a test velocity directly within the table.
Note: Click the Reset Velocities button to reset the table with the new velocity range (this
will be highlighted only if the Minimum, Maximum or Delta values have been
changed and will overwrite any manually input velocities).
Batch Run with a range 1. Retrieve the BatchScript.java file from your working directory (on
of Velocities or a single Linux), or from [Local Disk]\Users\[User]\Documents (the
velocity default for Windows 10), or another specified location on Windows.
2. For Windows, change the Start-in folder to [Local Disk]
\Users\[User]\Documents within the Command Window or set
within Shortcut Properties
3. Run STAR-CCM+ in batch mode from the command line:
Note: Ensure to match case sensitvity for all folders and file names.
Physics Parameters
Temperature Specifies the temperature of the water, which you can set as a value in the range 0 to
30 °C (32–86 °F).
Water Defines the water type. The Density and Dyn. Viscosity are automatically adjusted
accordingly.
COG The center of gravity. Estimated to be aligned with the COB to have a zero-
pitch moment that maintains the current hull orientation. Placed vertically
at the current waterline.
Wetted Surface The wetted surface area. Used as a basis for normalizing drag components.
cB The block coefficient. Defined as the ratio of the immersed volume to the
volume of a box that is fitted to the length, the beam, and the maximum
draft at the specified waterline. Gives a sense of the fullness of the
immersed hull.
cM The midship coefficient. Defined as the ratio of the immersed midship cross-
sectional area to the area bounded by the draft and the maximum beam at
LOA The overall length of the entire ship including the freeboard.
LWL The waterline length. Length of the intersection of the hull and the specified
waterline, which is usually the design waterline (DWL).
In the Report panel, you can select various plots and scenes to include in the PowerPoint report.
Plots
Total Resistance vs Time Creates a plot to analyze the
total resistance (pressure and
shear resistance) of the hull
for all hull speeds as a
function of time.
15%/25%/50% of the
reference length in Y
direction. This height is with
respect to the design water
line DWL (z = 0 m).
Scenes
Transverse Wake Cut @ 10%/ Creates a scalar scene
100% LRef Scene per displaying a contour plot of a
Velocity normalized velocity that is
defined as velocity
component in X direction
divided by the specified hull
speed. This contour plot is
displayed on a section at a
distance of 10%/100% of the
reference length in X
direction for each hull speed.
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