K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum

Technical Vocational Livelihood Education

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES (CSS 2)

Number of Sessions (Time Allotment): 60 Hours (1st Quarter)

INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE SYSTEMS

SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES (LO):

➢ LO 05: Basic Data Modeling Concepts

➢ LO 06: Database Management System
➢ LO 07: Data Dictionary
 TANAUAN INSTITUTE, INC.
Senior High School Department
Modified Learning Scheme: Workbook
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES (CSS 2)
1st Semester, S.Y. 2020-2021
Subject Teacher: LORENA A. AVILLANOZA

Name: ___________________________________ Score: ________________

Section: __________________________________ Date: _________________

Module 02: INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS

Topic : Lesson 01: Basic Data Modeling Concepts Session :

Lesson 02: Database Management System WEEK 02
Lesson 03: Data Dictionary 2 hrs.

Objectives of the Lesson :

At the end of the lesson, the student should be able to:
• Define data models,
• Identify the three data models based on the degree of abstraction,
• Define database management system and identify its function and
• Define data dictionary and identify its types and classifications.

Values Integration:

Nowadays, programming is already a large part of daily life-from games in gadgets to mainstream
movies, they are anywhere, However, a few decades ago, animation is very limited. Animation came a long way
before getting to gadgets, televisions and big screens. The industry of animation began less than 150 years ago,
but it has developed into multiple platforms and became very accessible to everyone.

Today, Database plays a big part in modern content. Can be used to strengthen all and productions. It comes
anywhere and it can go anywhere from a large production team working in a highly specialized studio to an
individual who’s working out in businesses or to a mobile phone.

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 Questions
1. What are the Database?

2. What are the importance of Database?

3. What are contributions of Database nowadays?

Discussion :

Lesson 01: BASIC DATA MODELING CONCEPTS

WHAT IS A DATA MODEL?

In this sub-topic, we will be examining the aspect of the first step in database design which is data-
modeling. Data modeling serves as a connection between real-world objects and the database model that
resides in the computer.

✓ is the relatively simple representation of a more complex real world object

✓ ANSI/SPARC
• stands for American National Standard Institute/Standards Planning and Requirements
Committee
• defined three different data models based on their degree of
abstraction:
o Conceptual model
o Internal model
o External model

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A data model is the relatively simple representation of a more complex real-world object. The model’s
main function is to help us understand the complex real-world environment. Also, it represents data
structures and their characteristics, relations, constraints, and transformations within the database
environment. Without an appropriate data model, you will not be able to create a good database.

The American National Standard Institute/Standards Planning and Requirements Committee

(ANSI/SPARC) defined three different data models based on their degree of abstraction. These are the
conceptual model, the internal model, and the external model.

The external model is the end-user’s view of the data environment. By ‘end-user, we refer to those
people who use application programs to manipulate data and generate information. The conceptual
model is used to integrate all external views into a single view. It represents a global view of the entire
database and is graphically represented by an ERD. It integrates the entities, relationships, constraints,
and processes into a single global view of the entire data in the enterprise. Lastly, the internal model
represents the database as ‘seen’ by the DBMS. In other words, it requires the designer to match the
conceptual model’s characteristics and constraint to those of the selected implementation model.

Lesson 02: DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (DBMS)

• Database management system is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and
controls access to the data stored in the database.

Database Management Systems:

is a collection of programs that manages the database structure and controls access to the data stored in
the database.
Examples:
o MS SQL
o Oracle
o DB2

Functions of a DBMS:
✓ Data dictionary management
✓ Database access languages and application programming
Query language:
– Data Definition Language (DDL)
– Data Manipulation (DML)

✓ Data storage management interfaces

✓ Data transformation and presentation
✓ Security management
✓ Multiuser access control
✓ Backup and recovery Language management
✓ Database communication interfaces
✓ Data integrity management

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Data dictionary management - All programs that access data in the database work through the DBMS
because of its data dictionary where the definition of data elements and their relationships
are stored. The DBMS uses the data dictionary to look up the required data component
structures and relationships, therefore preventing too much coding for such complex
relationships in each program. DBMS provides data abstraction, and removes structural
and data dependency from the system.

Data storage management - DBMS creates the complex structures required for data storage, therefore
eliminating the need to define and program the physical data characteristics.

Data transformation and presentation - DBMS provides application programs with software
independence and data abstraction. It transforms the entered data to conform to the data
structures that are required to store the data. This eliminates the need to make a distinction
between the data logical format and the data physical format.

Security management - DBMS has a security system that enforces security and data privacy within the
database. This is important for a database system accessed by several users of different user
access level since control of how data can be viewed, updated, and deleted by different users
can now be implemented.

Multiuser access control - users can now share with data contained within the database without
compromising data integrity and data consistency because of the sophisticated algorithm
used by the DBMS.

Backup and recovery management - DBMS provides backup and data recovery procedures to ensure
data safety and integrity.

Data integrity management - DBMS eliminates data integrity programs and minimizes data
redundancy by promoting and enforcing integrity rules, and using the data relationships stored
in the data dictionary.

Database access languages and application programming interfaces - DBMS provides data access
via query language which is a non-procedural language or one that lets the user specify what
must be done without having to specify how it is to be done. Its query language has two
components: the data definition language (DDL) which defines the structures in which the
data are housed, and the data manipulation language (DML) which allows end users to extract
the data from the database. DBMS also provides data access to programmers via procedural
(3GL) languages.

Database communication interfaces - data communications capabilities are an essential feature of

the DBMS. Current-generation DBMS provide special communication routines designed to
allow the database to accept end user requests within a computer network environment.

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Lesson 03: DATA DICTIONARY

Data Dictionary - is a centralized repository of information about data such as meaning, relationships to
other data, origin, usage, and format.

Has two main types:

o Integrated o standalone

Can be classified as:

o Active Data Dictionary o Passive Data Dictionary

As defined in the IBM Dictionary of Computing, a data dictionary or metadata repository is a

centralized repository of information about data such as meaning, relationships to other data, origin,
usage, and format.

The two data dictionary types are the integrated data dictionary which is included in the DBMS, and the
stand-alone data dictionary which is a third-party data dictionary and is a separate system from the
DBMS.

Also, data dictionaries can be classified as active or passive. An active data dictionary is automatically
updated by the DBMS by every database access, thus, keeping its access information updated. While a
passive data dictionary is not automatically updated and usually requires batch processing to run.

Activity :

ACTIVITY 1: What you need to know?

At the end of the exercise, the students should be able to:
• learn more about their new classmates, and
• familiarize with the rules and regulations in using the computer
laboratory, the safety precautionary measures.

Materials:
-Pen -A sheet of paper

Procedures: Getting to know you

1. Look for a partner whom you don’t know that much. Interview your partner for twenty minutes.
Get to know your partner’s likes and dislikes, high school classmates, family, hobbies, favorite
sport, etc.
2. After the interview, introduce your partner to other groups for thirty minutes.
Activity 2: Getting to know the Computer Laboratory
3. Follow you instructors as he/she lets you familiarize with the layout of the laboratory and the

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location of the following (if present):
a. All exits
b. Circuit breakers

Equipment set-up:
d. Fire extinguisher
e. First-aid Kit
f. Telephone
g. Instructor’s working table

References :
• Department of Technology Education at The University of Southern
Mississippi. (2007, February 26). Retrieved from
Dragon.ep.usm.edu/~it365/module/Basics/system.htm

• Hoffer J., George G., & Valacich J. (2008). In 5 Ed., Modern systems
analysis and design. Pearson Prentice Hall.

• Parsons J. J., & Oja D. (2010). In 8 Ed., Computer concepts Illustrated

Introductory. Cengage Learning.

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