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Pascal-Programming Info

The document provides information about useful Pascal functions from the CRT library. It summarizes a sample Pascal program that uses several CRT functions like ClrScr, GotoXy, Textbackground, Textcolor, Readkey, and Delay to create a more user-friendly program for calculating fuel costs. The CRT library contains functions for clearing the screen, moving the cursor, setting text and background colors, getting keyboard input, and pausing execution. A table is provided listing some common CRT functions and their descriptions.

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Andrew
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41 views

Pascal-Programming Info

The document provides information about useful Pascal functions from the CRT library. It summarizes a sample Pascal program that uses several CRT functions like ClrScr, GotoXy, Textbackground, Textcolor, Readkey, and Delay to create a more user-friendly program for calculating fuel costs. The CRT library contains functions for clearing the screen, moving the cursor, setting text and background colors, getting keyboard input, and pausing execution. A table is provided listing some common CRT functions and their descriptions.

Uploaded by

Andrew
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Before you learn how to use if statements and for loops, I would like to give you

an idea of some pascal functions which are quite useful.

You may safely skip this lesson since this library has become obsolete. It is
still used but, nowadays, the standard input and output has been shifted to more
modern GUI's.

These functions belong to a library (or 'unit' as it is called in Pascal) called


CRT and thus this would require your program to include the library 'crt.tpu'. To
include a library in the program, one should use the reserved word 'uses', because
it is used to call a library of functions and procedures. Note that a reserved word
is a word used in the syntax of programming language and cannot be used as an
identifier such as variable name or function name. Here is the program of lesson 2
(program 3) which is better handled and more user-friendly:

Program lesson3_Program1;

Uses Crt; {We will make use of the crt library}

Var PD, Dname, Cmodel : String;


CostPD, TCostPD, Distance : Real;
{real is a decimal (described later on)}

Begin
textbackground(brown); {background colour}
ClrScr; {Clear screen with a brown colour. Try run the program without
this..}
TextColor(lightgreen); {text colour}
TCostPD := 0;
Writeln('This program prompts you to ' +
+ 'input the cost per litre of');
Writeln('the petrol/diesel you spend in and ' +
+ 'the average distance you travel');
Writeln('with your car every week. Then, ' +
+ 'the computer calculates the total cost');
Writeln('you spend in fuel every week.');
Readkey; {program move on as soon as a key is pressed}
ClrScr; {short for clear screen}
GotoXy(28,3); {move to a position on the screen: x (horizontal), y
(vertical)}
Write('Diesel or Petrol? Type p or d: ');
PD := Readkey; {as soon as a key is pressed, it is stored in the variable
'PD'}
GotoXy(30,4);
Write('Name Of Driver: ');
Readln(Dname);
GotoXy(30,5);
Write('Car Model: ');
Readln(Cmodel);
GotoXy(29,6);
Write('Cost of Diesel/Petrol: (£) ');
Readln(CostPD);
GotoXy(8,7);
Writeln('Average distance you travel with ' +
+ 'your car every week: (kilometres) ');
Readln(Distance);
ClrScr;
GotoXy(28,3);
Writeln('Name of Driver:',Dname);
GotoXy(31,4);
Delay(500);
Writeln('Car Model:',Cmodel);
GotoXy(32,5);
Delay(500);
Writeln('Diesel/Petrol:',PD);
GotoXy(8,6);
Delay(500);
Writeln('Average distance covered '+
+ 'every week: ',Distance:1:2,'Km');
GotoXy(25,7);
Delay(500);
Writeln('Cost of ',PD,' per litre: £',CostPD:1:2,'/litre');
Writeln;
Delay(500);
Writeln;
TCostPD := Distance * CostPD;
GotoXy(21,10);
Writeln('Total cost of ',PD,' per week:£',TCostPD:1:2);
TCostPD := 0;
GotoXy(21,12);
Writeln('Total cost of ',PD,' per week:' +
+ '£',(Distance * CostPD):1:2);
GotoXy(18,14);
Writeln('Total cost of ',PD,' per week:£',Distance * CostPD);
Readln;
End.
(if you want to see the difference of the 2 programs then you should run them) What
is the difference between this program and the program which is program 3 in lesson
2? The 'CRT' (short for cathode-ray tube) library has a wide range of functions and
procedures that you will use very frequently. Some of them are listed in the table
below. There are many similar libraries, such as 'Strings' (you will be learning
something on this later on) and 'Dos'.

Back To Top ⇧
Description of the CRT Functions
Below is a table of the new words:

Reserved Word

Crt: Yes/No

Description

Clrscr Yes Clears the screen; can be combined with a background colour
Gotoxy(int,int) Yes Takes the cursor to the specified x,y position
Textbackground(word/int) Yes Background colour
Textcolor(word/int) Yes Colour of text
Readkey Yes Reads a key; Can be assigned to a variable
Delay(int) Yes Suspends execution for the specified time in milliseconds
Halt(parameter) No Terminates program execution
int - integer (-32768 to 32767), word - 0 to 65535.

Examples:

• Clrscr: (clear screen)

Writeln('When you press enter, the screen would be cleared!');


Readln;
ClrScr;
• Gotoxy(int,int): (Go to position x and y);

GotoXY(10,10);
Writeln('The position is 10 pixels from the left of the screen, and ten pixels');
Writeln('from the top of the screen.');
Readln;
• Textbackground(word/int): (Background colour);

Textbackground(red); {word - red}


Writeln('Note the difference');
Textbackground(5); {integer - 5}
ClrScr;
Writeln('Note the difference');
Readln;
• Textcolor(word/int): (Text colour);

Textcolor(red); {word - red}


Writeln('Text colour');
Textcolor(5); {integer - 5}
Writeln('Text colour'); Readln;
• Readkey: (Reads a key-press);

Example 1:

Writeln('Press ANY key!!!');


Readkey;
Example 2:

Writeln('Press ANY key');


Keypress := Readkey; {keypress is a DECLARED string variable(can be an integer
variable)}
Writeln(Keypress);
• Delay(int): (Holds for some time in milliseconds);

Writeln('1');
Delay(1000); {1000 milliseconds}
Writeln('2');
Delay(1000);
Writeln('3');
Readln;
• Halt(int): (Program terminates with an exit code);

Writeln('Press enter and the program terminates!);


Readln;
Halt(0);
Note that instructions following 'halt' are not executed since the program
terminates when halt is encountered.

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