CE Correl 3
CE Correl 3
Geotechnical
Engineering
Module 3
3.2 Hydraulics
Duration: 30 hours
Introduction
This module will serve as a reviewer for the Civil Engineering Licensure Examination. It
Hydraulics, Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. It is worth noting that this
Correlation, contains all the topic discussed in the whole Civil Engineering course,
therefore the sheer amount of topics if it is not summarized, will make this unnecessarily
long.
Objectives
subjects of;
2. Mechanics of Fluids,
3. Hydraulics,
5. Foundation Engineering
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Engineering Correlation
CE Department – College of Engineering Compiled by: Engr. Marbel Perez
Pre-Test
SITUATION 1: Two footings rest in a layer of sand 2.7 m thick. The bottom of the
footings are 0.90 m below the ground surface. Beneath the sand layer is a 1.8 m clay
layer. Beneath the clay layer is a hard pan. The water table is at a depth of 1.8 m below
Compute the stress increase at the center of the clay layer assume that the pressure
Determine the size of footing B so that the settlement in the clay layer is the same
SITUATION 2: A 600 mm pipe connects two reservoir whose difference in water surface
elevation 48 m. The pipe is 3500 m long and has the following pipe fittings: 2 globe
valves, 4 short radius elbows, 2 long radius elbows, and one gate valve half open. The
values of loss factors for pipe fittings are given (see Gillesania’s Fluid Mechanics and
Hydraulics).
Using the equivalent length method, assuming f = 0.015, calculate the actual length of
the pipe.
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Engineering Correlation
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a. 55 m b. 51 c. 48 d. 40
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3.2 Hydraulics
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Post Test
Mechanics of Fluids
SITUATION 1: A hollow cylinder 1.0 m in diameter and 2.8 m long weighs 3.84 kN.
Determine the weight of lead (unit weight = 110 kN/m3)must be fastened to the outside
bottom to make the cylinder float vertically with 2.3 m submerged in fresh water.
Determine the weight of lead must be placed inside the cylinder to make the cylinder
Calculate the additional load assuming the lead is placed inside the cylinder to make the
SITUATION 2: An open cylindrical tank having a radius of 0.30 m and a height of 1.20
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How fast will it be rotated about its vertical axis if half of its volume is spilled out?
Find the speed of rotation about its vertical axis so that no water will be spilled out?
Determine the speed of rotation about its vertical axis to produce zero pressure with
expanded isothermally to 30 m^3, use k = 1.40 and constant = pV^k for an isentropic
condition.
a. 75 kPa b. 50 c. 45 d. 30
If K = 2.2 GPa is the bulk modulus of elasticity of water, what pressure is required to
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SITUATION 4: In the figure shown below after the question, Find the draft of the
cylinder.
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SITUATION 5: The canal shown in cross section in the figure runs 40 m into the paper.
Determine the horizontal hydrostatic force. Use unit weight = 9.79 kN/cu m
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Find the volume displaced by the block if a 1000 N block of wood is floated in the oil.
Find the rise in free surface of the water in contact with air?
SITUATION 7: A tank contains oil (s = 0.80), gasoline (s = 0.90) and sea water (s =
1.03). If the depths of the liquids are 0.5 m ,0.8 m and 1 for oil, gasoline, and sea water
respectively.
SITUATION 8: The buoy in figure shown has 80 N of steel weight attached. The buoy
has lodged against a rock 2 m deep. Assume the weight of water is 45.62 N,Determine
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Determine the angle with the horizontal at which the buoy will lean assuming the rock
Hydraulics
below the water surface. The diameter of the tube gradually increases from 150 mm at
Neglecting friction, determine the maximum possible rate of discharge through this tube.
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SITUATION 2: For the pump shown in the figure, the total friction head loss is 6 m. If the
Benzene flows through a 100 mm pipe at a mean velocity of 3 m/s. Find the volume flow
rate.
SITUATION 3: A 25 mm long smooth brass pipe 300 m long drains an open 1.2 m
cylindrical tank which contains oil having density = 950 kg/m^3 and dynamic viscosity of
0.03 N.s/m^2. The pipe discharges at elevation 30 m. The liquid surface of oil is at
elevation of 36 m.
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Determine the time required in hours for the oil level to drop from elevation 36 to
elevation 32.5 m.
when oil (s = 0.90) flows at 0.057 m^3/s. Assume viscosity of oil is 0.0389 Pa.s
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SITUATION 5: A 600 mm pipe connects two reservoir whose difference in water surface
elevation 48 m. The pipe is 3500 m long and has the following pipe fittings: 2 globe
valves, 4 short radius elbows, 2 long radius elbows, and one gate valve half open. The
values of loss factors for pipe fittings are given (see Gillesania’s Fluid Mechanics and
Hydraulics).
Using the equivalent length method, assuming f = 0.015, calculate the actual length of
the pipe.
a. 55 m b. 51 c. 48 d. 40
What would be the depth of the canal in meters using the more economical proportions
Water from a reservoir through a non-rigid 600 mm pipe with a velocity of 2.5 m/s is
completely stopped by a closure of a valve situated 200 m from the reservoir. Assume
that the pressure increases at a uniform rate and that there is no damping of the
pressure wave. The pipe has a thickness of 20 mm, bulk modulus of water is 2.2 x 10^9
Pa and modulus of elasticity of steel is 1.4 x 10^11 Pa. Compute the celerity of pressure
wave.
Soil Mechanics
SITUATION 1: A uniform soil deposit has a dry unit weight of 15.6 kN/m3 and a
saturated unit weight of 17.2 kN/m3. The ground water table is at a distance of 4 m
below the ground surface. Point A is at depth of 6 m below the ground surface.
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In comparison to 1 and 2, what will happen to the effective stresses at A if the ground
SITUATION 2: A soil sample was determined in the laboratory to have a liquid limit of
Chamber confining pressure: 138 kPa Deviator Stress = 258 kPa Compute the friction
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3 m and z = 3 m.
Find the vertical stress increase at point A due to first line load.
Find the vertical stress increase at point A due to the second line load.
SITUATION 5: A certain soil deposit has a liquid limit of 47% and a plastic limit of 24%.
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Compute the coefficient of earth pressure at rest of this soil deposit. Hint: Ko = 0.19 +
0.223log(PI)
Compute the total stress at rest lateral earth pressure a depth of 5 m. in a dense sand
deposit where this soil was obtained. Unit weight of sand is 18.4 kN/m3.
Compute the total stress at rest lateral earth pressure at a depth of 5 m in the same
sand deposit but a water table is located at a ground surface. Saturated unit weight of
compacted at 95% of its standard Proctor maximum dry density. Tests indicate that the
maximum is 19.5 kN/m3 with 12% moisture. The borrow material has a void ratio of
Find the required minimum volume of borrow soil required to fill one cubic meter.
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figure.
Foundation Engineering
SITUATION 1: Two footings rest in a layer of sand 2.7 m thick. The bottom of the
footings are 0.90 m below the ground surface. Beneath the sand layer is a 1.8 m clay
layer. Beneath the clay layer is a hard pan. The water table is at a depth of 1.8 m below
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Compute the stress increase at the center of the clay layer assume that the pressure
Determine the size of footing B so that the settlement in the clay layer is the same
sand having a unit weight of 20 kN/ cu m. The pile has a length of 12 m. Coefficient of
friction between the sand and pile is 0.4. Bearing capacity factor Nq = 80. The shaft
lateral pressure factor K is equal to 0.90. Allowable load of the pile is 170 kN.
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SITUATION 3: A 7 m deep braced cut in sand is shown in the figure. In the plan the
struts are placed at a spacing of 2 m center to center. Using Peck’s empirical pressure
diagram,
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unit weight of 1570 kg/m3. The cohesionless soil has an angle of fricrion of 34° and a
Compute the Rankine active force on the wall if water logging occurs at a depth of 3 m
Compute the location of the resultant active force from the bottom.
SITUATION 5: A cantilever sheet pile is 8.2 m long with a depth of embedment of 3.2 m.
Angle of friction of the soil supported by the sheet pile is 34° and has a unit weight of
1.91 g/cc. There is water table below the base of the sheet pile. Use γwater = 9.81
kN/m3.
Compute the theoretical passive force that must be mobilized to ensure stability.
SITUATION 6: In the soil profile shown, the clay layer is normally consolidated and the
ground water location maybe assumed to remain constant. The raft foundation is 15 m x
Compute the initial effective stress at the midpoint location of clay layer.
Cengage Learning.
Knappett, J., & Craig, R. F. (2020). Craig's soil mechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press,
Potter, M. C., & Wiggert, D. C. (2008). Schaum's outline of fluid mechanics. Dubuque,
Streeter, V. L., & Wylie, E. B. (1985). Fluid mechanics. New York: McGraw Hill.
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References
Cengage Learning.
Knappett, J., & Craig, R. F. (2020). Craig's soil mechanics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press,
Potter, M. C., & Wiggert, D. C. (2008). Schaum's outline of fluid mechanics. Dubuque,
Streeter, V. L., & Wylie, E. B. (1985). Fluid mechanics. New York: McGraw Hill.
Various Engineers. (2019). Civil Engineering Board Exam Review Group. Retrieved
Answer will be provided later, the post test part of this module will serve as your Plate
no. 3, to be submitted to an agreed upon date. The plate shall contain the full solution
to the problems given in the Post Test. For more information kindly contact Engr Marbel
Perez.
Email: [email protected]
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