Performance of R.C. Frames Coupled With Exponential Dampers Under Seismically Triggered Condition

IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2018.0712003 Received: 01-10-2018, Accepted: 10-11-2018, Published: 03-12-2018
PERFORMANCE OF R.C. FRAMES COUPLED WITH EXPONENTIAL

DAMPERS UNDER SEISMICALLY TRIGGERED CONDITION
Firdous Patel Anjum1, L.G. Kalurkar2

1
PG student, Department of Civil engineering, J.N.E.C, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
2
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, J.N.E.C, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
In the seismically activated areas and in seismically activated conditions, the structure is liable to many forces driving the
structure into motion. These forces are large in magnitude and may cause dreadful harm to the structure. Some structural
mechanism which reduces the forces acting in such condition and improves the response of these structures by dissipating the
forces are called as dampers. In this study effects of use of exponential damping mechanism coupled with structure is studied.
Also the response of various finite element models have been shown. It was seen that the response improved by the use of
exponential dampers.
Keywords: - Dampers, Earthquake, Response, Seismic activity, Time history finite element modelling, ETABS.
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1. GENERAL
1.1 Introduction
Natural hazards such as earthquakes proves to be fatal
especially due to damage or collapse of manmade structures
such as building bridges and other such infrastructures. This
is due to the fact that earthquake carries enormous forces
with them which when strikes to the structures results in
damage or complete destruction of the structures. There has
been many detailed methods which can be used to minimise
the destruction caused by such hazards. One of which is the
use of mechanical dampers. Dampers proves to be very
effective in minimising the magnitude of striking forces.
The dampers are explained below:
 Dampers: A device which is used to dissipate the

energy induced due to lateral forces resulted because of
Fig 1: Arrangements of dampers
earthquake are termed as dampers. Every structure
have some amount of damping capacity with itself. But
 Objective: The objective of this study is to check the
it is very difficult to determine the capacity of a
influence of exponential dampers in seismically
structure to dissipate this energy. Hence, Dampers
activated condition over the performance of Reinforced
provide more precised and controllable damping for
concrete frames. For this purpose various models were
this energy dissipation. Dampers are used in machines,
prepared in ETABS 2016 and analysed for time
car suspension system and clothes washing machine.
history.
Damping system in a building uses friction to absorb
some of the forces from vibrations. A damping system
is much larger and is also designed to absorb the 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
violent shocks of an earthquake. The behaviour of  Hyun-Su Kim1, Young-Jin and Kim [1]: Made a study
dampers is dependent on the type of damper used in a on controlled performance of a shared tuned mass
structure and the position of its application. damper (STMD) so as to reduce the activated response
of buildings. For this study two eight storied adjacent
building structures were considered. These structures
were analysed by using Multi-objective genetic
algorithm so as to make an optimal design of the
stiffness and damping parameters of the STMD. Time
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Volume: 07 Issue: 12 | Dec-2018, Available @ www.ijret.org 17
history data of two earthquakes being, El Centro Number of damper to be used will be kept constant,
(1940) and Kobe (1995) were used for structural and performance of the structure will be check. Based
analyses. Pounding effects of adjacent buildings has on result efficient location of damper will be selected.
also been considered for this study purpose. Based on For the analysis Etabs 2013 software is used. behaviour
their numerical solutions and study it was concluded of RC frame building with and without damper under
that STMD shows similar control performance as the Equivalent static and non-linear response spectra
TMD although the STMD uses only half mass analysis in ETABS – 2013 software. Model-1 building
compared to the conventional TMD system. Also the without dampers Model-2 building with dampers at
STMD can reduce relative displacement between two base Model-3 building with dampers at storey-1
example buildings more effectively in comparison with Model-4 building with dampers at storey-2 Model-5
the TMD building with dampers at storey-3 Model-6 building
 Shubham Mishra, Learin Mathew [2]: Did an with dampers at storey-4 Model-7 building with
investigation on gyroscopic dampers and made a dampers at storey-5 Model-8 building with dampers at
validation of their previous study based on the same. storey-6 Model-9 building with dampers at storey- 7
For their study purpose a case study for Taipei 101 was Conclusions of papers that I had referred 1. Damper
taken where a huge gyroscopic damper, one of its kind help in reducing the effect of lateral deflection. 2.
has been used. In this case study it was shown that the Seismic performance of building after application of
Taipei 101 which stands only 660ft from a major fault damper is much better when we provide dampers. 3.
has been designed for major seismic activities and The frame is safer when damper is provided as
major wind pressures. To compensate the huge compare with other arrangements. 4. Application of
vibrations of winds and earthquakes this gyroscopic Visco-elastic damper reduces large amount of
damper has been used which was tuned mass damper displacement of the structure. 5. Story drift gets
with a heavy mass hanging from the roof of top floors reduced considerably as story displacement is reduced
by suspension cables to make a pendulum system. It after application of Visco-elastic damper in the
was lastly concluded that when a gyroscopic damper is building. 6. Base shear reduction one can make the
used in a structure during lateral activity due to the structure cost effective.
momentum conservation analogy the building reacts in
a compensating manner resulting into stability of the 3. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
structure.
In this study, three models were modelled in the FEM
 Shashank R. Bedekar, Prof. Rakesh Shinde [3]:
program ETABS. The plans of all the models were kept to
Performed time history analysis of high rise structures
be simple rectangles with total length of building 70 m in X
using different accelerograms. In this work an attempt
direction and total width of building as 50m in Y direction.
was made to analyse high rise structures with the help
The bays of the building were kept to be 7m long and 5m
of E-tab software. For analysis purpose a high rise
wide. Each side consisted of 10 no. of bays. The material
structure with G+25 stories was used. Time history
used were M30 grade of concrete and Fe-415 Grade of steel.
data of Bhuj and Koyna earthquakes was used for
The other material properties has been shown in the
analysis of selected high rise structure. Comparative
subsequent pages in table. The three models were having the
study was made between two selected places without
variation as
& with provision of visco- elastic dampers. Lastly it
was concluded that in previous research papers we can  Structure-1: G+10 building without dampers
see comparative study between any two types of  Structure-2: G+10 building with exponential dampers
dynamic analysis. Also we can find specific analysis of weight = 10kN
for selected building plan with changes in various  Structure-3: G+10 building with exponential dampers
locations, type, shapes of shear wall. In this proposed of weight = 1kN
work we will analyse high rise structure for two
different Accelerograms (Bhuj & Koyna). Comparative The height of the structures and height of each floor were
study between two time histories can be made without kept constant. The effect of exponential dampers of 10 KN
application & with application of visco- elastic damper and 1 KN has been checked. The results of which has been
at various levels. stated in subsequent pages. The plans and extruded views
 Ankit Jain1, R. S. Talikoti [4]: published a Survey has been shown below:
Paper on Study the Performance of High Rise Structure
with Dampers at different Location .This thesis
describes the results of a study on the seismic
behaviour of a structure (G+7) with and without
damper. Equivalent static and non-linear response
spectra analysis will be performed on model.
Maximum storey deflection, storey drift, maximum
moment in column has to be calculated. A RCC G+7
storey building is to be consider for the analysis.
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Fig 2: Plan of the building modelled
Fig 3: Extruded Sectional View of model with Dampers
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Fig 4: 3D Extruded View of model with dampers
Fig 5: Time history function
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Table 1: Material Properties

1. Grade of concrete M30
2. Grade of reinforcing steel Fe-415
3. Grade of steel Fe 345
4. Density of concrete 25 KN/m3
5. Density of brick masonry 19 KN/m3
6. Damping ratio 5%
Table 2: General Specification of the Building

1. Plan Dimensions 70 m X 50 m
2. Height of the structure 46.20
3. Height of storeys 4.20 m
4. Thickness of Slabs 150 mm
5. Internal Wall thickness 150 mm
6. External wall thickness 150 mm
7. Depth of footings 2.5 m
8. Type of Support Fixed
Table 3: Structural Specifications

1. Type of sections R.C.C.
2. Structure G+10
Sizes of Column sections
2. Columns (C1) 600 X 600
Sizes of beam sections
3. Beams (B1) 300 X 500
4. Dampers Used None
Table 4: Loading Specifications

1. Floor load 1.0 KN/m2
2. Live load 3.0 KN/m2
4. External wall load 18 KN/m
5. Internal wall load 12 KN/m
6. Code for RCC IS 456 (2000)
7. Code for Earthquake analysis IS 1893 (2002)
8. Zone III
9. Zone factor (Z) 0.16
10. Importance factor 1.0
11. Moment resisting frame type OMRF
12. Response reduction factor 5.0
13. Site soil type Soft Soil (III)
Non-Linear
14. Analysis Method
T.H.A.
Table 5: Load Combinations

Sr. No Combination Sr. No Combination
1. 0.9DL+1.5EQX 8. 1.5(DL+EQX)
2. 0.9DL-1.5EQX 9. 1.5(DL+EQY)
3. 0.9DL+1.5EQY 10. 1.5(DL+LL)
4. 0.9DL-1.5EQY 11. 1.5(DL-EQX)
5. 1.2(DL+LL+EQX) 12. 1.5(DL-EQY)
6. 1.2(DL+LL+EQY) 13. 1.2(DL+LL-EQY)
7. 1.2(DL+LL-EQY
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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION displacement, Storey Shear and overturning moments has
been considered for this study. All the seismic parameters
The modelling and analysis of the all the RCC structures has which were necessary for the analytical purpose were
been done finite element based software ETABS 2016. For considered from IS 1893-(1984).
comparative study of various parameters total three RCC
structures were modelled. The parameters such as storey
4.1 Time History Plots
Fig 6: Time History plot for Structure-I
Fig 7: Time History Plot for Structure-II
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Fig 8: Time History plot for structure-III
The time history plots for all the three structures i.e.
structure without damper, structure with damper of
capacity/weight 1KN and structure with dampers of weight
10KN has been shown in figure 6, 7 and 8 respectively. The
enormous difference can be clearly seen in all the three
plots.
4.2 Storey Displacements

The story displacements of all the three structures are further
compared to check the performance of the structure. All the
displacement graphs has been shown below:
_______________________________________________________________________________________
Fig 9: Storey Displacement for Structure-I Fig 10: Storey Displacement for Structure-II
Fig 11: Storey Displacement for Structure-III
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4.3 Storey Shear
Fig 12: Storey Shear for Structure-I Fig 13: Storey Shear for Structure-II
Fig 14: Storey Shear for Structure-III
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4.4 Overturning Moments
Fig 15: Overturning Moments for Structure-I Fig 16: Overturning Moments for Structure-II
Fig 17: Overturning Moments for Structure-III
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. CONCLUSION
This comparative study has been carried out so as to show
the difference between the structures without dampers, with
exponential damper of weight 1KN and with exponential
damper of weight 10KN. Based on the study of all the
results the following conclusions has been drawn:
 The maximum storey displacements for structure-1,
structure-2 and structure-3 were 16mm,7mm and
14mm with the provision of dampers, the storey
displacement was reduced by 56.25% (structure-2) and
12.5% (structure-3) when compared with structure-1
 Storey shear and overturning moments at base of the
structures are constant for structure-1, structure-2 and
structure-3.
 Provision of dampers increases time period of the
structures, time period for structure-1, structure-2 and
structure-3 are 2.5sec, 3.5sec and 4.7sec respectively.
 Time period was increased by 40% (structure-2) and
88% (structure-3) when compared with structure-1.
 Base reaction MY, for seismic zone-5 for (EL+X) max
load in structure-I, structure-II and structure-III were
87411.98 KN-m, 86348.98 KN-m and 86240.15 KN-
m.
 Base reaction MY was decreased by 12.16% in
structure-II and 13.4% in structure-III, when compared
with structure-1
REFERENCES
[1] IS 1893:1984,"Criteria for earthquake resistant
design of structures", Bureau of Indian Standards,
New Delhi, India.
[2] IS 456: 2000,"Plain reinforced concrete-code of
practice", Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi,
India.
[3] Hyun-Su Kim, Young-Jinn, Kim, “Control
Performance Evaluation of Shared Tuned Mass
Damper”, Advanced Science and Technology
Letters, Vol.69 (Architecture and Civil Engineering
2014), pp.1-4
[4] Shubham Mishra, Learin Mathew, “Case study of
tuned mass damper and modelling of gyroscopic
damper for corresponding effect”, International
Journal of Applied Research 2015, Volume-9,Issue-
1, PP-219-221.
[5] Shashank R. Bedekar, Prof. Rakesh Shinde, “Time
History Analysis of High Rise Structure using
Different”, IJSRD - International Journal for
Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 3, Issue 04,
2015
[6] Ankit Jain1, R. S. Talikoti 2” Survey Paper on Study
the Performance of High Rise Structure with
Dampers at different Location”.
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IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2018.0712003 Received: 01-10-2018, Accepted: 10-11-2018, Published: 03-12-2018