Charlene M.

Garnace
Eirene Piah D.C. Evangelista

Under Australian Laws, transactions involving the sale of real property are covered
under the “Sale of Land Act.” Pertinent provisions of this act require the owner to execute a
Vendor’s Statement, which will be prepared by a lawyer, and to provide relevant information to
a buyer before they enter into a sale transaction.

Moreover, this document is a mandatory requirement. There are certain penalties for
sellers who fail to supply this information, or who supply false information.

In conducting our research, we were able to discover the following:

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What is the Section 32?

The Section 32 is a document provided by the seller of real estate (vendor) to an intending
purchaser.

In general terms, if the vendor fails to provide the information required by the Act before the
contract is signed, the purchaser will be able to cancel the contract. Of course, there are
exceptions to this rule, and purchasers should not assume that any “technicality” will allow
them to end the contract.

In recent years, the information required in a Section 32 has been expanded and extended.
Interpretation of the Section 32 requirements, particularly those relating to building works
undertaken by an “owner-builder”, can be quite confusing. In addition, failure to comply with
some of the rules can attract huge monetary penalties.

Who prepares the Section 32?

The Section 32 should always be prepared by a qualified lawyer. While this is not stated in
the Sale of Land Act, the fact that it is a legal document means that a vendor must be given
competent legal advice by a qualified lawyer in order to understand the responsibilities
associated with the preparation of the Section 32.

Criminal offences in Section 32

For example, a vendor who knowingly or recklessly provides false information, or fails to
provide ALL of the information required by Section 32 commits a CRIMINAL OFFENCE, and can
be fined.
A vendor who commits a criminal offence because they were not properly advised by a real
estate agent or conveyancer (both of whom routinely prepare the Section 32 for uninformed
consumers) will be told by the estate agent or conveyancer “I am not allowed to give you legal
advice, because only a qualified lawyer can give legal advice or perform legal work”.

How the Section 32 is provided

Usually, the Section 32 is prepared by the vendor’s lawyer, and delivered to the real estate
agent. The agent then makes the Section 32 available to purchasers.

Where the vendor is selling without the involvement of an agent, the vendor’s lawyer will
usually provide the Section 32 direct to the purchaser, or send it to the purchaser’s lawyer.
These days it is most common for the Section 32 to be combined with a blank contract, and
provided electronically.

Who must sign the Section 32?

The vendor is the only person who is required to sign the Section 32. The vendor may sign
personally, or through their legal representative.

Most real estate agents will tell purchasers that they too must sign the Section 32. This is not
necessary. It is only to protect the estate agent. By having the purchaser sign the Section 32 the
agent is able to prove that a copy of the Section 32 was delivered to the purchaser BEFORE the
contract was signed. This is the one and only reason why purchasers are asked to sign the
Section 32. But be careful, as we have seen numerous instances where the Section 32 was
delivered after the contract was signed with both the contract and the Section 32 being back-
dated by the real estate agent to make it appear that the Section 32 had been delivered before.

Can digital signatures be used to sign a Section 32?

The simple answer is yes. Electronic and digital signatures have been found to be acceptable for
the signing of both the Section 32 Vendor Statement and the Contract of Sale, so long as it is
done correctly.

A distinction needs to be made between a digital signature and an electronic signature. A digital
signature involves an encryption device and implies the existence of an authentication network
standing behind the signature. This is the process used in electronic conveyancing for execution
of the transfer and involves a trusted third party signing the transfer of land on behalf of the
parties. This no doubt satisfies the requirements of the Statute of Frauds.

An electronic signature, on the other hand, stands alone and acts purely as a representation of
the signature of the party. It is not made by hand, as is the case of a traditional signature, but
rather is formed by the placing of the hand on a key, or even conceivably by voice recognition
software generating the appropriate keystrokes.
 When must the Section 32 be provided?

The Section 32 must be provided to a purchaser BEFORE the contract is signed.

Sometimes an agent will have the purchaser sign a contract first, and include a special condition
in the contract stating that the sale is subject to the vendor providing the purchaser with a copy
of the Section 32. In such circumstances the sale is fatally flawed, and the purchaser is entitled
to cancel it.

What is in the Section 32?

The following is a list of the basic information found in a Section 32. Further information may be
required -it depends on the property being sold.

Basic information in the Section 32:

 Statutory warnings to the purchaser

 Vendor’s details
 Title details
 Information regarding building permits issued in the past 7 years
 Particulars of owner-builder warranty insurance
 If the vendor is the owner-builder who completed building works there should be a
written inspection report (which lists any defects) in the Section 32
 Particulars of any mortgages or “charges” over the land (i.e. debts charged against the
land)
 Information regarding covenants, easements and any other restrictions on title
(whether or not they appear on the title)
 Planning information, particularly where zoning restricts land use
 Information regarding outgoings payable by the owner of the property
 Disclosure of any notices or orders issued by the authorities, regarding fencing, road-
widening, sewerage etc…
 If there is access to the property by road
 Information on services connected to the property

When does a Section 32 expire?

The industry rule of thumb is that a Section 32 remains valid for 3 months, and then it should
be updated. However, the situation is not really that simple.

The Section 32 will usually contain a set of certificates (also known as Section 32 “searches”)
obtained from various authorities, including the local council, water authority, State Revenue
Office, VicRoads etc. These certificates confirm or “certify” as correct the information they
contain, giving a person who relies on this information certain rights if the information is
incorrect. These certifications usually have a stated time limit of 90 days, which is where the 3
month “lifespan” of the Section 32 comes from.
So, while there is no expiry date per se, the information in the Section 32 may be regarded as
stale after 90 days. Of course, this does not mean that the Section 32 is invalid, but it does
mean that information contained in the certificates should be relied upon without further
verification. A vendor is always advised to check the Section 32 statement just before entering
into a contract of sale, to ensure that the information it contains remains complete and correct
as at the day of sale. If there is any uncertainty about the information being complete or
accurate then the Section 32 should be updated, either by amending or by adding or replacing
certificates.

Why is the section 32 vendor statement important for the seller?

The section 32 vendor statement is required by law and failure to provide it may give the buyer
the option to walk away or invalidate the sale entirely. The statement is a disclosure document
that contains a range of attachments that provide information to the buyer about the condition
of the property. Such information includes title search, statutory warnings, mortgages as well as
other charges on the property and zoning requirements.

Being a compulsory document, it is in the interests of the seller to ensure the section 32 vendor
statement is complete and accurate. A section 32 vendor statement that meets the
requirements of the law will bind the buyer to the purchase and will give the vendor the basis
to retain the total deposit should the buyer wish to rescind the contract after the cooling off
period.

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SALE OF LAND ACT 1962

No. 6975 of 1962

Authorized Version incorporating amendments as at

22 April 2015

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Division 2—Section 32 statement

32 Statement of matters affecting land being sold

(1) A vendor under a contract for the sale of land must give to a purchaser, before the
purchaser signs the contract, a statement signed by the vendor that contains the
matters and attaches the documents specified in this Division.
 (2) For the purposes of subsection (1), a vendor may sign the statement to be given to a
purchaser under this section by electronic signature.

32A Financial matters in respect of the land to be disclosed in section 32 statement

A section 32 statement must contain the following financial matters in respect of the land—

(a) particulars of any mortgage (whether registered or unregistered) over the land, which is
not to be discharged before the purchaser becomes entitled to possession or to the
receipt of rents and profits, including the particulars specified in Schedule 1;
(b) particulars of any charge (whether registered or not) over the land imposed by or under
an Act to secure an amount due under that Act, including the amount owing under the
charge;
(c) in any case—
(i) the amount of any rates, taxes, charges or other similar outgoings
affecting the land and any interest payable on any part of those rates,
taxes, charges or outgoings which is unpaid including any rates, taxes,
charges or outgoings for which the purchaser may become liable in
consequence of the sale and which the vendor might reasonably be
expected to have knowledge of; or
(ii) a statement that the total amount of those rates, taxes, charges or other
similar outgoings and interest does not exceed the amount specified;
(d) in the case of a terms contract where the purchaser is obliged to make 2 or more
payments to the vendor after the execution of the contract and before the purchaser is
entitled to a conveyance or transfer of the land, the information set out in Schedule 2.

32B Insurance details in respect of the land to be disclosed in section 32 statement

A section 32 statement must contain the following insurance details in respect of the land—

(a) if the contract for the sale of the land does not provide for the land to remain at the risk
of the vendor until the purchaser becomes entitled to possession or receipt of rents and
profits, particulars of any policy of insurance maintained by the vendor in respect of any
damage to or destruction of the land;
(b) if there is a residence on the land which was constructed within the preceding 6 years
and section 137B of the Building Act 1993 applies to the residence, particulars of any
required insurance under that Act applying to that residence.

32C Matters relating to land use to be disclosed in section 32 statement

A section 32 statement must contain the following matters in relation to the use of the land—
 (a) a description of any easement, covenant or other similar restriction affecting the land
(whether registered or unregistered) and particulars of any existing failure to comply
with the terms of that easement, covenant or restriction;
(b) if the land is in a designated bushfire prone area within the meaning of regulations
made under the Building Act 1993, a statement that the land is in such an area;
(c) if there is no access to the property by road, a statement that there is no such access;
(d) in the case of land to which a planning scheme applies a statement specifying—
(i) the name of the planning scheme;
(ii) the name of the responsible authority;
(iii) the zoning of the land;
(iv) the name of any planning overlay affecting the land.

32D Notices made in respect of land to be disclosed in section 32 statement

A section 32 statement must contain the following details in respect of any notices made in
respect of the land—

(a) particulars of any notice, order, declaration, report or recommendation of a public

authority or government department or approved proposal directly and currently
affecting the land, being a notice, order, declaration, report, recommendation or
approved proposal of which the vendor might reasonably be expected to have
knowledge;
(b) whether there are any notices, property management plans, reports or orders in respect
of the land issued by a government department or public authority in relation to
livestock disease or contamination by agricultural chemicals affecting the ongoing use of
the land for agricultural purposes;
(c) particulars of any notice of intention to acquire served under section 6 of the Land
Acquisition and Compensation Act 1986

32E Building permits issued in respect of land to be disclosed in section 32 statement

If there is a residence on the land, a section 32 statement must contain particulars of any
building permit issued under the Building Act 1993 in the preceding 7 years in relation to a
building on the land.
32I Evidence of title required to be disclosed in section 32 statement

The following documents must be attached to a section 32 statement—

(a) in the case of land under the Transfer of Land Act 1958, a copy of the Register Search
Statement and the document, or part of the document, referred to as the diagram
location in the Register Search Statement that identifies the land and its location;

(b) in any other case, a copy of—

(i) the last conveyance in the chain of title to the land; or
 (ii) any other document which gives evidence of the vendor's title to the
land;

(c) if the vendor is not the registered proprietor of the land or the owner of the estate in
fee simple in the land, evidence of the vendor's right or power to the sell the land;

(d) in the case of land that is subject to a subdivision—

(i) if the plan of subdivision has not been registered, a copy of the plan of
subdivision which has been certified by the relevant municipal council; or
(ii) if the plan of subdivision has not yet been certified, a copy of the latest
version of the plan;

(e) in the case of land that is part of a staged subdivision within the meaning of section 37
of the Subdivision Act 1988—
(i) if the land is in the second or a subsequent stage, a copy of the plan for
the first stage; and
(ii) details of any requirements in a statement of compliance relating to the
stage in which the land is included that have not been complied with; and
(iii) details of any proposals relating to subsequent stages that are known to
the vendor; and
(iv) a statement of the contents of any permit under the Planning and
Environment Act 1987 authorising the staged subdivision;

(f) in the case of land that is subject to a subdivision and in respect of which a further plan
within the meaning of the Subdivision Act 1988 is proposed—
(i) if the later plan has not been registered, a copy of the plan which has
been certified by the relevant municipal council; or
(ii) if the later plan has not yet been certified, a copy of the latest version of
the plan. xxx

32J Information required for a section 32 statement contained in a certificate, notice, policy
of insurance or other document

(1) If any information required to be contained in a section 32 statement is specified in a

certificate, notice or other document issued by a relevant authority, the vendor may
attach that certificate, notice or other document (or a copy of that certificate, notice or
other document) to the section 32 statement for the purpose of complying with the
relevant provision of this Division requiring the information.
(2) If the information required under section 32B is contained in a policy of insurance, the
vendor may attach a copy of the policy or an extract of the policy to the statement for
the purpose of complying with that section.

32K Supply of false information or failure to supply information in section 32 statement or

failure to supply section 32 statement may result in rescission
 (1) This section applies if a vendor—
(a) supplies false information to a purchaser in a section 32 statement or in any
certificates, notices, policies or other documents attached to a section 32 statement
for the purposes of complying with the requirements of this Division; or
(b) fails to supply all the information required to be supplied to a purchaser, either in a
section 32 statement or attached to the section 32 statement, as required by this
Division; or
(c) fails to give a purchaser a section 32 statement signed by the vendor before the
purchaser signs the contract for the sale of land.

(2) The purchaser may rescind any contract for the sale of land which has been entered into
on the basis of information contained in the section 32 statement or attached to the
section 32 statement at any time before the purchaser accepts title and becomes
entitled to possession or to the receipt of rents and profits.

(3) The purchaser may rescind any contract for the sale of land where the vendor fails to
give the purchaser a section 32 statement before the purchaser signs the contract at
any time before the purchaser accepts title and becomes entitled to possession or to
the receipt of rents and profits.

(4) Despite subsection (2) and (3), the purchaser may not rescind a contract for the sale of
land if the court is satisfied that—

(a) the vendor has acted honestly and reasonably and ought fairly to be excused for the
contravention; and
(b) the purchaser is substantially in as good a position as if all the relevant provisions of
this Division had been complied with.

32L Offence to provide false or incomplete information in section 32 statement or fail to

provide statement

A vendor must not knowingly or recklessly—

(a) supply false information to the purchaser in a section 32 statement or any certificate,
notice, policy or other document attached to the section 32 statement that is required
to be given under this Division; or
(b) fail to supply all the information required to be given under this Division in the section
32 statement or any certificate, notice, policy or other document attached to the section
32 statement; or
(c) fail to give a purchaser a section 32 statement signed by the vendor before the
purchaser signs the contract for the sale of land.

Penalty: 300 penalty units in the case of a body corporate;

60 penalty units in any other case.
Sources:

https://www.lawyersconveyancing.com.au/faq/section-32-2/?
fbclid=IwAR1PSsLVjVy00IOa5S2sZ3ZXj-UIw4TmrGvOjdqCSbr0z1IgAG7DbKu3XCY#1

http://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/Domino/Web_Notes/LDMS/LTObject_Store/LTObjSt9.nsf/DD
E300B846EED9C7CA257616000A3571/2A6FECAAB09C3C1ECA257E2F001CD29D/$FILE/62-
6975aa155%20authorised.pdf

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