Name: Date: Score:

MICROBIOLOGY-PARASITOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM

COLLEGE OF NURSING

I. Multiple Choices. Directions: Circle or darken the letter/s that

corresponds to the BEST answer/s on the answer sheet. Use
pen only. No erasures.
1. Osmosis is one of the processes in the passive transportation. What is the movement
of water when there's high solute concentration outside the cell?
A. Water move from inside to outside cell
B. Water move from outside to inside cell
C. There's no net movement of water molecules
D. None of the above
2. Chemical growth requirement essential for the microorganism growth are?
A. Water only
B. Environmental waste
C. Product from other bacterial waste
D. Water, carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur and trace element
3. Microorganisms obtain their carbon source in many different ways. Those that able to
get the carbon source from the organic compound are called?
A. Autotroph
B. Chemotroph
C. Heterotroph
D. Organotroph
4. Microorganism obtained their carbon source from the carbon dioxide are called?
A. Chemotroph
B. Autotroph
C. Heterotroph
D. Saprophyte
5. The term facultative anaerobe refers to an organism that .
A. Doesn't use oxygen but tolerates it
B. Is killed by oxygen
C. Uses oxygen when present or grows without oxygen when oxygen is absent
D. Requires less oxygen than is present in air
E. Prefers to grow without oxygen
6. The term obligate anaerobe refers to an organism that .
A. Doesn't use oxygen but tolerates it.
B. Is killed by oxygen
C. Uses oxygen when present or grows without oxygen when oxygen is absent.
D. Requires less oxygen than is present in air.
 E. Prefers to grow without oxygen.
7. A microbiology student noticed that a culture broth tube was very turbid at the
surface but clear throughout the rest of the tube. She can conclude that the .
A. Organisms are aerobes.
B. Organism should be grown in an anaerobic chamber.
C. Organism cannot produce superoxide dismutase and/or catalase.
D. Organism cannot tolerate oxygen.
E. Broth is sterile.
8. Organisms do not increase significantly in number and produce large quantities of
energy in the form of ATP. Which of the phase in the exponential growth curve explains
these statements?
A. Lag phase
B. Stationary phase
C. Log phase
D. Decline phase
9. The removal or destruction of ALL forms of microbial life is called .
A. sterilization
B. disinfection
C. pasteurization
D. sanitization
10. The destruction of vegetative pathogens is called .
A. sanitization
B. commercial sterilization
C. disinfection
D. antisepsis
11. What treatment is intended to lower microbial counts on eating and drinking utensils to
safe public health levels?
A. sanitization
B. sterilization
C. pasteurization
D. antisepsis

12. The absence of significant contamination is called .

A. sepsis.
B. Bacteriostasis
C. Asepsis
D. antisepsis
13. Commercial sterilization is a limited heat treatment to destroy .
A. Streptococcus pyogenes
B. Clostridium tetani
C. Staphylococcus aureus
D. Clostridium botulinum endospores
14. Damage to which structure causes cellular components to leak into the surrounding
medium?
A. cell wall
B. plasma membrane
C. cytoplasm
D. glycocalyx
15. Which method kills microorganisms primarily by the coagulation of
proteins (denaturation)?
A. filtration
B. radiation
C. desiccation
D. moist heat
16. Flaming is one of the simplest methods of .
A. pasteurization
B. dry heat sterilization
C. moist heat desiccation
D. desiccation
17. Which of the following is the MOST useful for disinfecting medical instruments?
A. quats
B. chlorine
C. phenol
D. benzoic acid
18. Which of the following is/are used to mechanically remove microbes through scrubbing?
A. alcohol
B. biguadines
C. detergents
D. quats
19. Which chemical agents cause a disruption of the plasma membrane and denaturation of
enzymes?
A. phenolics
B. biguanides
C. heavy metals
D. halogens
20. The birth of modern chemotherapy is credited to the efforts of .
A. Alexander Fleming
B. Paul Ehrlich
C. Robert Koch
D. Louis Pasteur
21. What was the first antibiotic discovered?
A. tetracycline
B. erythromycin
C. streptomycin
D. penicillin
22. More than half of our antibiotics are produced by species of .
A. Mycobacterium
B. Streptomyces
C. Clostridium
D. Bacillus
23. Which of the following are the easiest to treat with antimicrobial agents?
A. viruses
B. fungi
C. bacteria
D. protozoa
24. One disadvantage to using broad-spectrum antibiotics is .
A. Superinfection
B. Selectively toxicity
C. Toxicity
D. inhibition
25. Practically all antibiotic-producing microbes have the ability to produce a(n)
A. exotoxin
B. spore
C. endotoxin
D. capsule
26. If a microbial drug prevents microbes from growing, its action is termed
A. bactericidal
B. selectively toxic
C. bacteriostatic
D. toxic
27. Bacteria that are resistant to large numbers of antibiotics are popularly termed .
A. superbugs
B. superinfections
C. MRSA
D. Synergism
28. Which of the following is NOT a method of antibiotic abuse?
A. prescribing antibiotics for the common cold
B. adhering to the dose regimen
C. using outdated antibiotics
D. using antibiotics in animal feed
29. The treatment of bacterial endocarditis is much more effective when both penicillin
and streptomycin are used together than when taken alone. This is an example of .
A. symbiosis
B. commensalism
C. synergism
D. antagonism
30. All of the following represent new and future targets for antimicrobial activity EXCEPT;
A. use of protein synthesis inhibition
B. use of antimicrobial peptides
C. targeting virulence factors
D. use of phage therapy
31. In Gram-staining, iodine is used as a .
A. fixative
B. mordant
C. Solublizer
D. stain
32. What chemical is responsible for the acid fast property of mycobacterium?
A. Heat drives the carbolfuschin stain into the cells and once penetrated they are not
easily decolorized by acid alcohol.
B. Stains different bacteria that react different to diff dyes able to distinguish
between bacteria.
C. The absence of lipids (mycolic acids) in cell walls.
D. Mycolic acid, High lipid content.
33. What makes an organism non acid fast
A. Stains different bacteria that react different to diff dyes able to distinguish
between bacteria
B. Mycolic acid, High lipid content.
C. The absence of lipids (mycolic acids) in cell walls.
D. Tuberculosis, leprosy and other bacteria that have cell walls with lipids that stop
dyes from readily binding to the cells.
34. What are two methods of killing cells for staining purpose?
A. Heat fixation
B. Methanol fixation
C. Both
D. Neither
35. All of the followings are true with simple stain except;
A. it enters cell and stains everything
B. useful for determining morphological features
C. provides no info on presence or function of specific cell structures
D. basic and acidic dyes may be used
E. All of the above
36. Why is petroleum jelly used in the hanging-drop procedure?
A. Reduces the evaporation of the suspended drop of fluid.
B. Increases the magnification
C. Smoothens the surface of the slide
D. Adds color to the bacteria
37. Which of the following statements about blood is false?
A. As it circulates throughout the human body, blood is usually sterile.
B. Following centrifugation, the layer of leukocytes and platelets is referred to as the
buffy coat.
C. Bacteremia and septicemia are synonyms
D. Plasma constitutes about 55% of whole blood.
38. Which of the following statements about CSF specimens is false?
A. They are collected only by clinicians
B. They are treated as STAT (emergency) specimens in the laboratory
C. They should always be refrigerated
D. They should be rushed to the laboratory after collection.
E. None of the above
39. Which of the following is not one of the three parts of a urine culture?
A. Isolation and identification of the pathogen
B. Performing a colony count
C. Performing a microscopic observation of the urine specimen
D. Performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing

II. True or False. Directions: Read each statement below carefully.

Encircle A if you think the statement is True. Encircle B if you
think the statement is FALSE. Use pen only. No erasures.

40. Thermophile is a microorganism with a growth optimum around 20 to 45°C, a minimum

of 15 to 20°C, and a maximum about 45°C or lower.
41. Blood agar is unable to cultivate the fastidious microorganisms
42. Tolerance referring to the survival of bacteria under condition in which they cannot grow.
43. Selective media contain agents that inhibit the growth of certain bacteria while permitting
the growth of other.
44. Extremophiles are microorganisms that grow under harsh or extreme
environmental conditions such as very high temperatures or low pHs.
45. Generation time is the time required for a microbial population to double in number.
46. Lag phase is a period following the introduction of microorganisms into fresh culture
medium when there is no increase in cell numbers or mass during batch culture.
47. If you develop a bacterial infection in a hospital, it will likely be resistant to at least one
antibiotic.
48. If your doctor prescribes antibiotics, you should keep taking the pills until you feel better.
49. If you use antibacterial soaps for everyday cleaning, you could unwittingly be creating
super-germs that are resistant to antibiotics.
50. If you have some antibiotics in your medicine cabinet, it's all right to share them with a
sick friend. True or false?