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This document describes 3 types of boring methods for cohesive and cohesionless soils: 1. For cohesive soils, auger boring uses simple equipment for soft to stiff soils. Wash boring uses water pressure to bore holes up to 10m depth in soft to rigid cohesive soils. Displacement boring uses a closed sampler to collect undisturbed samples as it is pushed into the ground. 2. For cohesionless soils, percussion drilling uses a hammering bit for unconsolidated formations like sand and gravel up to 25m depth. Hollow flight auger uses a continuous spiral to remove cuttings and allow sampling. Rotary drilling uses circulating water or drilling mud to remove rock fragments for identifying rock str

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alisa nazira
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66 views

Assignment Foundation (A)

This document describes 3 types of boring methods for cohesive and cohesionless soils: 1. For cohesive soils, auger boring uses simple equipment for soft to stiff soils. Wash boring uses water pressure to bore holes up to 10m depth in soft to rigid cohesive soils. Displacement boring uses a closed sampler to collect undisturbed samples as it is pushed into the ground. 2. For cohesionless soils, percussion drilling uses a hammering bit for unconsolidated formations like sand and gravel up to 25m depth. Hollow flight auger uses a continuous spiral to remove cuttings and allow sampling. Rotary drilling uses circulating water or drilling mud to remove rock fragments for identifying rock str

Uploaded by

alisa nazira
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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a) Explain 3 types of boring for cohesive and cohesion less soil (include picture for

your explanation)
1. Cohesive soil
i. Auger boring

This method is quick and economical, using simple, light, durable and low-cost instruments for
large to small holes. It is very suitable for cohesive soils that are soft to stiff and can also be used
to assess the table of ground water. Soil is disturbed by this removal, but it is better than dull
washing, percussion or rotary drilling. For very hard or cemented soils, very soft soils, as then
the flow into the hole will occur; this boring approach is not suitable. This method is also not
suitable for fully saturated cohesion less soil.

ii. Wash boring


This is a common method due to the use of limited equipment. The benefit of this is the use of
cheap and easily accessible handling and drilling equipment. Here, first, an open hole is created
on the ground so that the soil sampling or rock drilling activity can be carried out below the hole.
The hole is progressed by cutting and twisting the motion of the light bit. The cutting is
accomplished by forced water and a jet of water under pressure through the rods worked within
the hole. It can be done up to a depth of 8 m – 10 m, except the depth of the hole already created.
This approach can be used in soft to rigid cohesion soils and fine sand.

iii. Displacement boring

It is a combination sampling & boring operation process. The closed bottom sampler, slit cup or
piston form is pushed into the ground to the desired depth. Then, by rotating the piston, the
sampler is removed from the soil below it, and the piston is gradually released or withdrawn. If
excessive caving does not occur, this is a easy and economical process. Not ideal, then, for loose
sand. Resistance to penetration can detect significant changes in the character of the soil. There
are openings from 25 mm to 75 mm. It requires continuous sampling in stiff and dense soil,
either to protect the sampler from damage or to avoid objectionably heavy construction pit.
2. Cohesionless soil
i. Percussion Drilling

Percussion drilling is a manual drilling method in which, in the open hole or inside a temporary
casing, a heavy cutting or hammering bit connected to a rope or cable is lowered. Percussion
drilling is ideal for unconsolidated and consolidated formations: sand , silt, stiff clay, sandstone,
laterite and gravel layers. Up to depths of 25 meters, manual percussion drilling is commonly
used.

ii. Hollow Flight Auger


In order to pass cuttings to the surface, a continual spiral around a tube is used. To drill soil
under the control tube, a plug and spade auger system can be used, or a continuous sample can be
taken in a central sampling barrel or uninterrupted samples pushed forward through the tube.
SPT and undisturbed samples are obtained through hollow drill stem, which acts as a casing to
keep the hole open. This is frequently a slow process, and may be uneconomic due to the very
high torque needed to drive the auger. This method is largely experimental at the moment.

iii. Rotary Drilling

Rotary boring approach is useful in the case of highly resistant strata. It relates to the
identification of rock strata and also to access to the performance of rocks from fractures, cracks
and joints. Fragments of broken rock or soil are removed by circulating water or by drilling mud
pumped through the drill rods and penetrated through the borehole from which it is collected for
recirculation in the settling tank. Water can be used on its own if the depth is minimal and the
soil is stable. This method is suitable for boring holes of diameter 10cm, or more preferably 15 to
20cm in most of the rocks. It is uneconomical for holes less than 10cm diameter. The depth of
various strata can be detected by inspection of cuttings.

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