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Dynamic Pressure: Pressure) Is The Quantity Defined by

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215 views3 pages

Dynamic Pressure: Pressure) Is The Quantity Defined by

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Seiyaleosinho
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Dynamic pressure

In incompressible fluid dynamics dynamic pressure (indicated with , or Q, and sometimes called velocity
pressure) is the quantity defined by:[1]

where (using SI units):

dynamic pressure in pascals,


fluid mass density (e.g. in kg/m3, in SI units),
flow speed in m/s.

It can be thought of as the fluid's kinetic energy per unit volume.

For incompressible flow, the dynamic pressure of a fluid is the difference between its total pressure and static
pressure. From Bernoulli's law, dynamic pressure is given by

where and are the total and static pressures, respectively.

Contents
Physical meaning
Uses
Compressible flow
See also
References
Notes
External links

Physical meaning
Dynamic pressure is the kinetic energy per unit volume of a fluid. Dynamic pressure is in fact one of the terms
of Bernoulli's equation, which can be derived from the conservation of energy for a fluid in motion. In
simplified cases, the dynamic pressure is equal to the difference between the stagnation pressure and the static
pressure.[1]

Another important aspect of dynamic pressure is that, as dimensional analysis shows, the aerodynamic stress
(i.e. stress within a structure subject to aerodynamic forces) experienced by an aircraft travelling at speed is
proportional to the air density and square of , i.e. proportional to . Therefore, by looking at the variation of
during flight, it is possible to determine how the stress will vary and in particular when it will reach its
maximum value. The point of maximum aerodynamic load is often referred to as max q and it is a critical
parameter in many applications, such as launch vehicles.

Uses
The dynamic pressure, along with the static pressure and the pressure
due to elevation, is used in Bernoulli's principle as an energy balance
on a closed system. The three terms are used to define the state of a
closed system of an incompressible, constant-density fluid.

When the dynamic pressure is divided by the product of fluid density


and acceleration due to gravity, g, the result is called velocity head,
which is used in head equations like the one used for pressure head
and hydraulic head. In a venturi flow meter, the differential pressure
head can be used to calculate the differential velocity head, which are
equivalent in the adjacent picture. An alternative to velocity head is
dynamic head. A flow of air through a venturi meter,
showing the columns connected in a

Compressible flow U-shape (a manometer) and partially


filled with water. The meter is "read"
as a differential pressure head in cm
Many authors define dynamic pressure only for incompressible flows. or inches of water and is equivalent
(For compressible flows, these authors use the concept of impact to the difference in velocity head.
pressure.) However, the definition of dynamic pressure can be
extended to include compressible flows.[2][3]

If the fluid in question can be considered an ideal gas (which is generally the case for air), the dynamic
pressure can be expressed as a function of fluid pressure and Mach number.

The definition of the speed of sound and of Mach number :[4]

and

and also , dynamic pressure can be rewritten as:[5]

where:

gas (static) pressure (expressed in pascals, in the SI system)


mass density (in kg/m3) is always the product between number density and the gas
average molecular mass
Mach number (non-dimensional),
ratio of specific heats (non-dimensional; 1.4 for air at sea-level conditions),
flow speed in m/s,
speed of sound in m/s
See also
Pressure
Pressure head
Hydraulic head
Total dynamic head
Drag, lift and pitching moment coefficients
Derivations of Bernoulli equation

References
L. J. Clancy (1975), Aerodynamics, Pitman Publishing Limited, London. ISBN 0-273-01120-0
Houghton, E.L. and Carpenter, P.W. (1993), Aerodynamics for Engineering Students,
Butterworth and Heinemann, Oxford UK. ISBN 0-340-54847-9
Liepmann, Hans Wolfgang; Roshko, Anatol (1993), Elements of Gas Dynamics, Courier Dover
Publications, ISBN 0-486-41963-0

Notes
1. Clancy, L.J., Aerodynamics, Section 3.5
2. Clancy, L.J., Aerodynamics, Section 3.12 and 3.13
3. "the dynamic pressure is equal to half rho vee squared only in incompressible flow."
Houghton, E.L. and Carpenter, P.W. (1993), Aerodynamics for Engineering Students, Section
2.3.1
4. Clancy, L.J., Aerodynamics, Section 10.2
5. Liepmann & Roshko, Elements of Gas Dynamics, p. 55.

External links
Definition of dynamic pressure on Eric Weisstein's World of Science (http://scienceworld.wolfra
m.com/physics/DynamicPressure.html)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dynamic_pressure&oldid=978654609"

This page was last edited on 16 September 2020, at 05:53 (UTC).

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