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6tisch Network Formation: Cs578: Internet of Things

The document discusses various techniques for improving network formation in 6TiSCH (IPv6 over the TSCH mode of IEEE 802.15.4e). It describes the standard 6TiSCH network formation process and issues related to limited shared resources. Several approaches are proposed to address these issues, including dynamic resource allocation, a channel condition-based dynamic beacon interval, opportunistic transmission of control packets, and an opportunistic channel access scheme. These techniques aim to reduce network formation time and energy consumption compared to the baseline 6TiSCH minimal configuration.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

116 views18 pages

6tisch Network Formation: Cs578: Internet of Things

Uploaded by

shubham

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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CS578: Internet of Things

6TiSCH Network Formation

Dr. Manas Khatua

Assistant Professor, Dept. of CSE, IIT Guwahati
E-mail: [email protected]
6TiSCH communication stack

• Upper Layer: IPv6 connectivity

– 6LoWPAN, CoAP, MQTT, RPL

• 6TiSCH Layer
– 6TiSCH Minimal Configuration, 6top

• Bottom Layer: IEEE 802.15.4e

– TSCH

15-11-2020 Dr. Manas Khatua 2

6TiSCH Network Formation Process
 Join Registrar/Coordinator (JRC)
starts the formation process
 Enhanced Beacon (EB)
 Routing Information (DIO)
 Pledge (new node) scans for EB on a
random channel (RDC 100%)
 After receiving an EB, pledge
synchronized with the underlying
TSCH network (RDC ~1%)
 Synchronized node waits for DIO,
after exchanging JRQ & JRS
 After receiving DIO, pledge becomes
joined node; can transmit own packets
 Network formation completes when
all the pledge join the network
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Why Network formation is an issue?
• Channel hopping feature of TSCH
– A pledge does not know in which channel transmission of control packets
is happening

• Limited resource allocated for control packets

– Only one shared cell in a slotframe

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TSCH Vs 6TiSCH Network formation

• TSCH formation/synchronization time

– A pledge gets synchronized with a TSCH network after receiving a valid
EB frame
– The time when a pledge receives its first EB frame is considered as TSCH
synchronization time or TSCH formation time

• 6TiSCH formation time

– When a TSCH synchronized node receives a valid DIO packet, it becomes
a 6TiSCH joined node
– The DIO receiving time is considered as 6TiSCH joining time

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Goals during Network formation

• Reduce pledge joining time

– To immediately transmit data

• Save energy consumption

– Radio duty cycle is 100% before TSCH synchronization
– Maximum energy consumption

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6TiSCH minimal configuration (RFC 8180)
 In 2017, 6TiSCH Working Group released the 6TiSCH minimal configuration
standard in order to provide details about the minimal resource usage during
network bootstrapping
 Only one shared cell per slotframe can be used for transmission of control
packets by all the nodes
 Both EB and DIO packets are required to complete joining process
 EB has the highest priority over other control frames like DIO, DIS, etc.
 Control packets (JRQ and JRS) for secure enrolment of a node are also
exchanged in shared cell

Shortcomings

• Static Allocation
• Joining time is more

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Dynamic Resource Allocation
• Vallati et.al. proved that the 6TiSCH minimal configuration does not provide
enough resource
– To transmit all the generated control packets

• Increased the number of shared cells per slotframe

– As per the generated control packets

• Achieved faster formation

• Shortcomings
– Consumes more energy
– Hampers data transmission schedule
– More shared cell Fig. DRA allocation strategy

Carlo VALLATI et al. “Improving Network Formation in 6TiSCH Networks”. In : IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 18.1
(2019), p. 98-110. ISSN : 1536-1233.

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Channel Condition based
Dynamic Beacon Interval (C2CBI)

• Shows the demerit of fixed beacon generation interval

– Congest the shared cell when the number of joined nodes increases

• Proposed dynamic beacon interval instead of fixed beacon interval

– Less congestion, shorter beacon generation interval
– More congestion, longer beacon generation interval

• Congestion is measured by channel busy ration (CBR)

A. Kalita and M. Khatua, “Channel Condition Based Dynamic Beacon Interval for Faster Formation of 6TiSCH Network". IEEE
Transaction on Mobile Computing. [Online]. Available : https ://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2020.2980828.

15-11-2020 Dr. Manas Khatua 9

Contd..

• Measuring channel condition

𝐵𝑢𝑠𝑦 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠

CBR=
𝐵𝑢𝑠𝑦 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠 + 𝐸𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑦 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠

• Determining beacon interval

– The value of CBR is used to calculate next beacon interval as follows

𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; 𝑖𝑓 𝐶𝐵𝑅 = 0
𝐼𝑒𝑏 =ቊ 𝐶𝐵𝑅
𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛 + 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛 ; 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒

where, 𝐼𝑒𝑏 is the calculated beacon interval and 𝐼𝑚𝑖𝑛 and 𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑥 are the minimum and maximum
value of 𝐼𝑒𝑏

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Contd..

• Achieves faster formation than 6TiSCH minimal configuration but not

as compared to DRA

• Consumes less energy compared to 6TiSCH minimal configuration and

DRA

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Opportunistic Transmission of Control Packets (OTCP)
• Mainly, considered three problems
– Problem due to EB’s highest priority
– Negative effect of Trickle Algorithm
– Uncertainty in accessing the shared cell

• Problem due to EB’s highest priority

• DIO packet starves to get transmitted due to EB’s highest priority
• New node has to wait for DIO packet

Solution: