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Bio Cell Structure and Function Chart and Review PDF

The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells come only from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic unit of life. There are two main types of cells - eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells, which do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. All cells share characteristics like being microscopic, being enclosed by a membrane, and containing cytoplasm.

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Muddihil Madzlan
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134 views27 pages

Bio Cell Structure and Function Chart and Review PDF

The cell theory states that all living things are made of cells, cells come only from pre-existing cells, and cells are the basic unit of life. There are two main types of cells - eukaryotic cells, which have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and prokaryotic cells, which do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles. All cells share characteristics like being microscopic, being enclosed by a membrane, and containing cytoplasm.

Uploaded by

Muddihil Madzlan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cell Theory

The cell theory grew out of the work of


many scientists and improvements in the
microscope.
Many scientists contributed to the cell theory.

More was learned about cells


as microscopes improved.

The cell theory is a unifying


concept of biology.
3.1 Cell
Theory
The cell theory has three principles.

• All organisms are made of cells.

• All existing cells are


produced by other
living cells.

• The cell is the most


basic unit of life.
Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
and membrane-bound organelles;
prokaryotic cells do not.
All cells share certain characteristics.
• Cells tend to be microscopic. cell membrane
• All cells are enclosed by a
membrane.

• All cells are filled with


cytoplasm.

cytoplasm
• All cells have DNA
Bacterium
(colored SEM; magnification 8800x)
There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and
prokaryotic cells.

• Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus


nucleus.
• Eukaryotic cells have
membrane-bound
organelles.
organelles

cell membrane
There are two cell types: eukaryotic cells and
prokaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells do not nucleus


have a nucleus.
• Prokaryotic cells do not
have membrane-bound
organelles.
organelles

cell membrane

cytoplasm
CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
CHART

PLANT CELL
ANIMAL CELL
1. Cell Wall

• (Plants only) inflexible barrier “protecting” the


cell and giving it support. Is not selectively
permeable. It is a rigid structure.
2. Cell Membrane

• Boundary (“wall”) between the cell and the


environment. Allows nutrients/ regulates
movement in and out of the cell. (“Selectively
Permeable”).
3. Microtubules

• Part of cell skeleton that act as a scaffold to


maintain the shape of a cell. (“Supporting
Framework”)
4. Nucleus

• Central leader of the cell. Surrounded by


nuclear envelope. Contains directions to make
proteins and genetic information, DNA or
RNA. (“Control Center of Cell”); inside is the
nucleolus which makes ribosomes.
5. Nuclear Membrane

• The outer lining or wall of the nucleus.


(Sometimes this is called the nuclear
envelope.)
6. Chromatin

• Master set of directions for making proteins.


Contents are in the form of Genes & DNA.
7. Vacuole

• Membrane-bound “compartment” used for


temporary material “storage”. (In plants it is
found in the center of cell, in animals it is off
to the side)
8. Mitochondria

• Membrane-bound organelle that transforms


(“generates”) energy from the cell.
(“Powerhouse of cell”)
9. Lysosome

• Contain enzymes which digest excess


organelles, food particles, viruses, and
bacteria. The “vacuum cleaner” of a cell. They
break down organelles not needed.
10. Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
• The site of cellular chemical reactions. Rough
ER means ribosomes are attached and are
synthesizing/making proteins.
(“Transportation system with workers”)
11. Smooth Endoplasmic
Reticulum

• The site of a cellular chemical reaction.


Smooth ER has no ribosomes present.
(“Transportation system with no workers”)
12. Ribosomes
• Site where the cell produces proteins
according to the DNA instructions, which
comes from the nucleus. (“Workers of cell”)
– Bound Ribosomes: make proteins for use outside
cell
– Free Ribosomes: make proteins for use inside cell
13. Golgi Apparatus

• Flattens and packages proteins to be sent to


their appropriate destination (The
“UPS/FedEx” of the cell)
14. Chloroplast
• (Found in green plants and some protists only)
– converts light energy (SUN) to chemical
energy (SUGAR).
• - Contains Chlorophyll
15. Cytoplasm

• Clear, gelatinous fluid inside a cell which


suspends and holds a cell’s organelles, such as
the nucleus.
16. Centrioles
• (Animal Cells Only) Play a role in cell division
Cytoskeleton

Network of fine tubes


and threads. Provides
internal structural
support.
Cilia, Pilli, and Flagella

Structures used to enable


movement of cells or sometimes to
propel substances across outer
surface of the cell. Predominantly
protein in composition.
Quiz of the cell
• Know all organelles found in a prokaryotic cell
• Know all organelles found in a eukaryotic cell

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