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Questions and Answers of T3 PDF

This document discusses the time-independent Schrödinger equation for particles in one-dimensional and two-dimensional infinite square potential wells. It provides solutions for the wavefunctions and energy levels. Several examples are worked through, finding probabilities, expectation values, and normalized wavefunctions for particles in the wells.

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169 views3 pages

Questions and Answers of T3 PDF

This document discusses the time-independent Schrödinger equation for particles in one-dimensional and two-dimensional infinite square potential wells. It provides solutions for the wavefunctions and energy levels. Several examples are worked through, finding probabilities, expectation values, and normalized wavefunctions for particles in the wells.

Uploaded by

laure
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PC2130B Applied Quantum Mechanics

Week 7 and 8

Tutorial 3
“Time-independent Schrödinger equation and potential well”

1. A particle is in an infinite square potential well (ISPW), suppose


(
0, if 0 ≤ x ≤ a,
V (x) =
∞, otherwise

(a) Find ψn (x) and En

(b) Proof ψm (x) and ψn (x) are orthonormal, that is


Z
ψm (x)∗ ψn (x)dx = δmn
where, δmn (the so-called Kronecker delta) is defined as,
(
0, if m 6= n,
δmn
1, if m = n
(c) Find Ψ(x, t) and the ground state and the first excited state.

(d) What are the expectation values of x, p, x2 , and p2 of the ground state?

(e) Does the uncertainty principle apply at the ground state?

→
−
(f) What is the probability current density J of the ground state?

(g) What are the probability densities of the ground and 1st excited states, respec-
tively? Do they depend on time?

(h) Suppose a particle in ISPW has as its initial wave function:

Ψ(x, 0) = Ax(a − x), (0 ≤ x ≤ a),

i. Normalize Ψ(x, 0).

ii. Find cn .
Z
N otice cn = ψn (x)∗ Ψ(x, 0)dx
(i) Compare this problem (0 ≤ x ≤ a) with the sample problem (−a/2 ≤ x ≤ +a/2)
in the lecture notes.
2 3
Integrals you may need 0a x sin2 ( πx )dx = a4 ; 0a x2 sin2 ( πx )dx = a2 [ 13 − 2π1 2 ]
R R
a a
2. If a particle is confined in a two-dimensional (2D) infinite square potential well
(0 ≤ x ≤ a; 0 ≤ y ≤ b), find the general solution of ψn (x, y) and En .

3. A particle of mass m is confined in a one-dimensional infinite square potential well


(0 ≤ x ≤ a). The wave function at time t = 0 is given by
πx √ πx
ψ(x, 0) = A sin( )[1 + 2 cos( )].
a a
(a) Normalize the wave function.
(b) If the energy of the particle is measured, what are the possible values and the
probability of getting each value?
(c) What is the wave function at time t (> 0)?
(d) What is the average energy of the particle at t = 0 and t > 0?
(e) What is the wavelength of light emitted when a particle jumps from the higher
energy level to the lower energy level?

4. Consider a particle in the first excited state of an infinite square potential well of width
a,

(a) What is the probability of finding the particle at x?


(b) Calculate hxi.
(c) * If the momentum of the particle is measured, what would be the result? What
is the probability of getting the value p in the measurement?
(d) * Calculate hpi.
(e) * Calculate hx2 i and hp2 i.
q q
(f) * Take ∆x = σx = hx2 i − hxi2 and ∆p = σp = hp2 i − hpi2 . Does the uncer-
tainty principle hold here?

5. A particle in the infinite square potential well (−a/2 ≤ x ≤ a/2) has as its initial wave
function an even mixture of the first two stationary states:

ψ(x) = A [ψ1 (x) + ψ2 (x)] .

(a) Normalize ψ(x, 0), that is, find A. Hint: you can avoid lengthy integrations by
exploiting the orthonormality of ψ1 and ψ2 .
(b) Find the corresponding time-dependent wave function, Ψ(x, t), and |Ψ(x, t)|2 .
Try to simplify your answer for the latter by expressing it in terms of sinusoidal
function of time.
(c) Determine hxi. Notice that it oscillates in time. What is the frequency of the
oscillation? What is the amplitude of the oscillation?
(d) * Determine hpi.
(e) If you measure the energy of this particle, what values may you get, and what is
the probability of each? Find the expectation value of H. How does it compare
with E1 and E2 ?

Answer:
1(d) < x >= a/2; < x2 >= a2 [ 31 − 1
2π 2
]; < p >= 0; < p2 >= ( πh̄
2
)2 .

q
30
1(h) A = a5

(
√ 0, if n is even,
cn =
8 15/(nπ)3 , if n is odd.

s s
2 nπ 2 nπ
ψn (x, y) = sin( x) sin( y) n = 1, 2, 3 · · ·
a a b b

π 2 h̄2 2 2
2 π h̄
E n = n2 + n , n = 1, 2, 3, · · ·
2ma2 2mb2

3
(a) A = √2 ;
3a
π 2 h̄2 4π 2 h̄2
(b) E1 = 2ma 2 ; E2 = 2ma2
; P1 = 2/3; P2 = 1/3.
π 2 h̄2
(d) ma2
.
2c
(e) λ = 4ma 3πh̄
.

4
(a)
|ψ2 (x)|2 = 2
a
sin2 ( 2πx
a
) (b) 0.

5
(a) A = √1 .
2
16a 3π 2 h̄t
(c) 9π 2
cos 2ma2
.
5π 2 h̄2
(e) 4ma2
.

—- END —-

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