Lecture Reading 3: Astm A36 Steel: I. SI Units (Systeme International D'unites)

Far Eastern University
Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

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LECTURE READING 3: ASTM A36 STEEL
Before we talk about stress, let us discuss first what systems of unit we will be using in this course.
I. SI Units (Systeme International d’Unites) – This is the system of units

specified in the Philippines.
A. SELECTED SI UNITS
QUANTITY Name SI Symbol
Force Newton N ( 1 N = 1 kg. m/s2 )

Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
Moment Newton meter N.m
o
Plane angle degree
Radian rad
Rotational frequency revolution r/s
per second
Stress (pressure) pascal Pa ( 1 Pa = 1 N/m2 )
( 1 KPa = 1 KN/m2 )
( 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2 )
o
Temperature degree Celcius C
Time second s
B. COMMONLY USED SI PREFIXES
Multiplying Factor Prefix SI Symbol
109 giga G
106 mega M
103 kilo k
10-3 milli m
10-6 micro µ
10-9 nano n
C. SELECTED RULES FOR SI UNITS (to be followed for online assessment)
1. Care must be taken to use the correct case for symbols, units and prefixes (e.g., m for meter or
milli, M for mega).
2. For numbers having five or more digit, the digits should be placed in groups of three separated by
a space, counting both to the left and to the right of the decimal point (e,g,. 82 345.678 09). The
space is not required for four-digit numbers. Spaces are used instead of commas to avoid
confusion.
3. In compound units formed by multiplication, use the product dot (e.g., N.m).
4. Division may be indicated by a solidus (m/s) or a negative exponent with a product dot (e.g.,m.s-1).
5. Avoid the use of prefixes in the denominator (e.g., km/s is preferred over m/ms). The exception to
this rule is the prefix k in the base unit kg (kilogram).
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II. English Unit (US Customary Units) This system of units is used in USA.
QUANTITY Name USCU Symbol SI Equivalent
Force pounds lb 4.448 N

Kip kip 1000 lbs = 448 kN
Length foot ft 0.3048 m
Inch in 25.40 mm
mile mi 1.609 km
Stress (pressure) lb/ft2 psf 47.88 Pa
lb/in2 psi 6.895 kPa
ASTM A36 STEEL

The term structural steel refers to a number of steels, because of their economy and desirable
mechanical properties, are suitable for load-carrying members in structures. The customary way to specify a
structural steel is to use an ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) designation. For ferrous
metals, the designation has a prefix letter “A” followed by two or three numerical digits (e.g., ASTM A36,
ASTM A514, ASTM A709, ASTM A53).
In the Philippines, the only commercially available type of structural steel is the ASTM A36 steel. It is
the only type of structural steel good for tropical countries.
For A36 steel, A means structural steel as designated by ASTM.36 means the yield stress Fy of that
steel type is 36 ksi (ksi is kips per square inch). 1 kip is equal to 1000 lbs. Thus, 36 ksi is also equal to 36000
psi (psi is pounds per square inch). Since the official system of units in the Philippines is SI units, 36 ksi is
equal to 248 MPa (MPa is megapascals).
TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF A36 STEEL (constant values)
Yield Stress, Fy = 248 MPa

Tensile Stress, Fu = 400 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity, Es = 200 000 MPa
Endurance Strength = 207 MPa
Density, ρ = 7780 kg/m3
Poisson’s Ratio, µ = 0.30
Shear Modulus, G = 77 200 MPa
Coefficient of thermal expansion or contraction, α = 11.7 x 10-6 /0C
PROPERTIES OF STEEL
YIELD STRESS, Fy – unit tensile stress at which the stress-strain curve exhibits a well-defined increase
in strain (deformation) without an increase in stress.
TENSILE STRESS, Fu – the largest unit stress that the material achieves in a tension test.
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MODULUS OF ELASTICITY, Es – the slope of the initial straight line portion of the stress-strain diagram.
It is usually taken as 200 000 MPa for design calculation for all structural steel.
DUCTILITY – the ability of the material to undergo large inelastic deformations without fracture.
TOUGHNESS - the ability of the material to absorb energy and is characterized by the area under the
stress-strain curve.
WELDABILITY – the ability of steel to be welded without changing its basic mechanical properties.
POISSON’S RATIO, µ - the ratio of the transverse strain to longitudinal strain.
SHEAR MODULUS, G – the ratio of the shearing stress to shearing strain during the initial elastic
behaviour.

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Far Eastern University

Institute of Architecture and Fine Arts

LECTURE READING 3: ASTM A36 STEEL

I. SI Units (Systeme International d’Unites) – This is the system of units

QUANTITY Name SI Symbol

Force Newton N ( 1 N = 1 kg. m/s2 )

B. COMMONLY USED SI PREFIXES

Multiplying Factor Prefix SI Symbol

C. SELECTED RULES FOR SI UNITS (to be followed for online assessment)

Force pounds lb 4.448 N

ASTM A36 STEEL

TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF A36 STEEL (constant values)

Yield Stress, Fy = 248 MPa

POISSON’S RATIO, µ - the ratio of the transverse strain to longitudinal strain.

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