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Loading The Data: Numpy NP Sklearn - Datasets

This document demonstrates the scikit-learn 4-step modeling pattern for machine learning in Python. It shows how to (1) import an estimator class, (2) instantiate the model, (3) fit the model to training data, and (4) predict new observations. As an example, it loads the Iris dataset, fits a k-nearest neighbors model (with different values of K), and makes predictions on test data. It then repeats the process using a logistic regression model instead of k-NN.

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Suresh
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39 views2 pages

Loading The Data: Numpy NP Sklearn - Datasets

This document demonstrates the scikit-learn 4-step modeling pattern for machine learning in Python. It shows how to (1) import an estimator class, (2) instantiate the model, (3) fit the model to training data, and (4) predict new observations. As an example, it loads the Iris dataset, fits a k-nearest neighbors model (with different values of K), and makes predictions on test data. It then repeats the process using a logistic regression model instead of k-NN.

Uploaded by

Suresh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Loading the data

In [ ]:
# import load_iris function from datasets module
import numpy as np
from sklearn.datasets import load_iris

# save "bunch" object containing iris dataset and its attributes


iris = load_iris()

# store feature matrix in "X"


X = iris.data

# store response vector in "y"


y = iris.target
In [ ]:
# print the shapes of X and y
print X.shape
print y.shape
scikit-learn 4-step modeling pattern
Step 1: Import the class you plan to use
In [ ]:
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
Step 2: "Instantiate" the "estimator"
• "Estimator" is scikit-learn's term for model
• "Instantiate" means "make an instance of"
In [ ]:
knn = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=1)
• Name of the object does not matter
• Can specify tuning parameters (aka "hyperparameters") during this step
• All parameters not specified are set to their defaults
In [ ]:
print knn
Step 3: Fit the model with data (aka "model training")
• Model is learning the relationship between X and y
• Occurs in-place
In [ ]:
knn.fit(X, y)
Step 4: Predict the response for a new observation
• New observations are called "out-of-sample" data
• Uses the information it learned during the model training process
In [ ]:
X_new = np.array([3, 5, 4, 2]).reshape(1,4)
knn.predict(X_new)
• Returns a NumPy array
• Can predict for multiple observations at once
In [ ]:
X_new =np.array([[3, 5, 4, 2], [5, 4, 3, 2]])
knn.predict(X_new)
Using a diferent value for K
In [ ]:
# instantiate the model (using the value K=5)
knn = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=5)

# fit the model with data


knn.fit(X, y)

# predict the response for new observations


knn.predict(X_new)
Using a diferent classification model
In [ ]:
# import the class
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression

# instantiate the model (using the default parameters)


logreg = LogisticRegression()

# fit the model with data


logreg.fit(X, y)

# predict the response for new observations


logreg.predict(X_new)

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