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Historical Timeline of The Main Language Teaching Methods-Comprimido

1. Over time, language teaching methods have evolved from a focus on grammar rules and translation to more communicative and naturalistic approaches. The audiolingual method in the 1950s focused on repetition and habit formation based on behaviorist psychology. 2. In the 1970s-80s, communicative language teaching emerged which prioritized actual communication over accuracy, and total physical response used body movements. Humanistic methods also aimed to involve the whole person emotionally. 3. Recent popular methods include task-based language teaching, where students complete tasks rather than focusing on the language used, and content and language integrated learning, where subjects are taught in the foreign language.

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Paula Perez
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423 views2 pages

Historical Timeline of The Main Language Teaching Methods-Comprimido

1. Over time, language teaching methods have evolved from a focus on grammar rules and translation to more communicative and naturalistic approaches. The audiolingual method in the 1950s focused on repetition and habit formation based on behaviorist psychology. 2. In the 1970s-80s, communicative language teaching emerged which prioritized actual communication over accuracy, and total physical response used body movements. Humanistic methods also aimed to involve the whole person emotionally. 3. Recent popular methods include task-based language teaching, where students complete tasks rather than focusing on the language used, and content and language integrated learning, where subjects are taught in the foreign language.

Uploaded by

Paula Perez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Historical timeline of the main language teaching methods


First language teaching became established as a profesión in the 20th century ever since
several methods have been proposed and each one tried to be more effective and theoretically
sound before the 20th century a key influence in language teaching was that of Johan
comenius

teacher who published books on teaching in the 17th century. comenIus focused on the
spiritual development of children and he claimed that the way they learned was through
association to the world around them. Comenius was the first to introduce an inductive
approach to language teaching in which the goal was to teach students to use the language
rather than teach them rules and analysis of the language he used imitation instead of rules
claiming that students should repeat after the teacher he also encouraged language to be
taught through pictures and the practice of reading and speaking. comenIus was quite
revolutionary however by the beginning of the 19th century the systematic study of the
grammar of classical latin and classical texts had once again taken over in schools and
universities in europe the 19th century was characterized by the so-called grammar translation
approach which explicitly focused on studying grammar and translating texts to learn to read
literature this was followed by attempts to make language learning more naturalistic more
similar to the ways children learn their languages

The direct method was introduced in the late 19th century teaching exclusively in the foreign
language and focusing on speaking and listening in an attempt to give a more scientific
foundation to language teaching

Other methods such as situational language teaching were created although the real change
emerged with the audiolingual method in the 1950s the audiolingual method or
audiolingualism was based on psychological theories of behaviorism, according to
behaviorism people's behavior depended on a pattern of stimulus response and feedback and
learning a language meant using the language communicatively to form new habits and get
rid of old habits from the first language

Lessons in audiolingualism focused on drills in which students repeated the same target
language items again and again, this was in line with behaviorism because it involved a
stimulus provided by the teacher or by a tape a response provided by the learner and feedback
provided again by the teacher

in the 1970s and 80s communicative language teaching emerged as a method this was
thanks to the emergence of cognitive psychology which claimed that language learning
involved active mental processes and conscious learning and not just getting rid of old habits

communicative language teaching is an influential teaching method to this day it started as a


reaction to grammar-oriented approaches focusing on accuracy and it argued that the goal of
language teaching is communication which is achieved by actually communicating in the
target language in class.
2

Another method that originated in the 1970s was called total physical response or tpr. In tpr

the teacher gives commands to the students with body movements and the students respond

by imitating these movements

In the 1970s another new orientation to language teaching emerged called humanistic
language teaching. Humanistic language teaching is based on the idea that the whole social
and emotional human being and not just the mind should be involved in learning a language

Three key methods between the 1970s and 80s were associated with humanism: the silent
way, suggestopedia, and community language learning

The silent way as the name suggests is a method based on the idea that the teacher should
be silent as much as posible and the learners should be encouraged to speak

Suggestopedia is based on the idea that learning is fostered by reaching an optimal state of
alert relaxation, in this state of relaxation learning is meant to happen accidentally and naturally

The third humanistic method community language learning, assumes that students are
people with feelings and that learning happens when they don't feel threatened the teacher
takes on a role similar to a counselor and gradually encourages students to become more
independent and collaborative

More recently a teaching method that has become more and more popular is task-based
language teaching or tblt which has strong connections to theories of second language
acquisition. Tblt is based on the idea that students can learn language by doing tasks students
are assessed in terms of whether they manage to complete the task rather than the language
they used to do so

Finally more recently other innovative methods have written such as dogme which encourages

to teach without textbooks and to focus on the language that emerges from conversation

Another method that has become quite popular is clil or content and language integrated

Learning, in clic curriculum content and foreign languages are taught togheter

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