Windows Operating System Fundamentals

Exam 98-349

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/learning/exam-98-349.aspx
Technology: Windows 10

Used to be: Windows 7

Understanding operating system configurations (15–20%)

Installing and upgrading client systems (15–20%)
Managing applications (15–20%)
Managing files and folders (15–20%)
Managing devices (15–20%)
Understanding operating system maintenance (15–20%)
Understanding operating system configurations

Configure Control Panel options

Configure administrative tools, configure accessibility options, configure power settings, configure File Explorer
settings
Configure desktop settings
Configure profiles, display settings, and shortcuts; configure and customize Start Menu; configure Task Bar settings;
configure toolbars; configure notifications
Configure native applications and tools
Configure Microsoft Edge, configure Cortana, configure Hyper-V, configure settings using MSCONFIG, configure
processes and applications using Task Manager, configure computer management
Configure mobility settings
Configure Sync Center, Windows Mobility Center, and Remote Desktop
Configure and use management tools
Configure MMC, configure the Windows PowerShell console and Windows PowerShell ISE
Understanding operating system configurations

Configure Control Panel options

Configure administrative tools, configure accessibility options, configure power settings, configure File Explorer
settings
Configure desktop settings
Configure profiles, display settings, and shortcuts; configure and customize Start Menu; configure Task Bar settings;
configure toolbars; configure notifications
Configure native applications and tools
Configure Microsoft Edge, configure Cortana, configure Hyper-V, configure settings using MSCONFIG, configure
processes and applications using Task Manager, configure computer management
Configure mobility settings
Configure Sync Center, Windows Mobility Center, and Remote Desktop
Configure and use management tools
Configure MMC, configure the Windows PowerShell console and Windows PowerShell ISE
Understanding operating system configurations

Configure Control Panel options

Configure administrative tools, configure accessibility options, configure power settings, configure File Explorer
settings
Configure desktop settings
Configure profiles, display settings, and shortcuts; configure and customize Start Menu; configure Task Bar settings;
configure toolbars; configure notifications
Configure native applications and tools
Configure Microsoft Edge, configure Cortana, configure Hyper-V, configure settings using MSCONFIG, configure
processes and applications using Task Manager, configure computer management
Configure mobility settings
Configure Sync Center, Windows Mobility Center, and Remote Desktop
Configure and use management tools
Configure MMC, configure the Windows PowerShell console and Windows PowerShell ISE
Understanding operating system configurations

Configure Control Panel options

Configure administrative tools, configure accessibility options, configure power settings, configure File Explorer
settings
Configure desktop settings
Configure profiles, display settings, and shortcuts; configure and customize Start Menu; configure Task Bar settings;
configure toolbars; configure notifications
Configure native applications and tools
Configure Microsoft Edge, configure Cortana, configure Hyper-V, configure settings using MSCONFIG, configure
processes and applications using Task Manager, configure computer management
Configure mobility settings
Configure Sync Center, Windows Mobility Center, and Remote Desktop
Configure and use management tools
Configure MMC, configure the Windows PowerShell console and Windows PowerShell ISE
Understanding operating system configurations

Configure Control Panel options

Configure administrative tools, configure accessibility options, configure power settings, configure File Explorer
settings
Configure desktop settings
Configure profiles, display settings, and shortcuts; configure and customize Start Menu; configure Task Bar settings;
configure toolbars; configure notifications
Configure native applications and tools
Configure Microsoft Edge, configure Cortana, configure Hyper-V, configure settings using MSCONFIG, configure
processes and applications using Task Manager, configure computer management
Configure mobility settings
Configure Sync Center, Windows Mobility Center, and Remote Desktop
Configure and use management tools
Configure MMC, configure the Windows PowerShell console and Windows PowerShell ISE
Installing and upgrading client systems

Identify Windows operating system editions

Identify hardware and compatibility requirements, determine appropriate editions per device type
Identify upgrade paths
Identify upgrade paths from previous Windows versions, identify application compatibility
Understand installation types
Perform a clean install, upgrade via Windows Update, migrate from previous Windows versions, perform removable
media installation, perform network installation
Understand operating system architecture
Understand kernel mode; understand user mode; understand memory, IRQs, drivers, CPUs, and UI; understand 32-bit
versus 64-bit architecture
Installing and upgrading client systems
Identify Windows operating system editions
Identify hardware and compatibility requirements, determine appropriate editions per device type

https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_10-windows_install/windows-10-editions/6daf0ee7-8338-4e93-bbd3-2b2a937f0e10
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_10_editions

Home, Pro, S, Enterprise, Mobile, Education

Installing and upgrading client systems
Identify Windows operating system editions
Identify hardware and compatibility requirements, determine appropriate editions per device type

System Requirements
•CPU: 1 GHz
•RAM: 1 GB for 32-bit or 2 GB for 64-bit
•Hard disk space: 16 GB for 32-bit OS or 20 GB for 64-bit OS
•Graphics card: DirectX 9 or later with Windows Display Driver Model (WDDM) 1.0 driver
•Display: 800 x 600

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4028142/windows-windows-10-system-requirements
Installing and upgrading client systems

Identify Windows operating system editions

Identify hardware and compatibility requirements, determine appropriate editions per device type
Identify upgrade paths
Identify upgrade paths from previous Windows versions, identify application compatibility
Understand installation types
Perform a clean install, upgrade via Windows Update, migrate from previous Windows versions, perform removable
media installation, perform network installation
Understand operating system architecture
Understand kernel mode; understand user mode; understand memory, IRQs, drivers, CPUs, and UI; understand 32-bit
versus 64-bit architecture
Installing and upgrading client systems
Identify upgrade paths
Identify upgrade paths from previous Windows versions, identify application compatibility

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/upgrade/windows-10-upgrade-paths

It is possible to upgrade to Windows 10 from Windows 7 or a later.

Creating Windows 10 installation media

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/software-download/windows10
Installing and upgrading client systems

Identify Windows operating system editions

Identify hardware and compatibility requirements, determine appropriate editions per device type
Identify upgrade paths
Identify upgrade paths from previous Windows versions, identify application compatibility
Understand installation types
Perform a clean install, upgrade via Windows Update, migrate from previous Windows versions, perform removable
media installation, perform network installation
Understand operating system architecture
Understand kernel mode; understand user mode; understand memory, IRQs, drivers, CPUs, and UI; understand 32-bit
versus 64-bit architecture
 Installing and upgrading client systems
Understand installation types
Perform a clean install, upgrade via Windows Update, migrate from previous Windows versions, perform removable
media installation, perform network installation
https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windows/en-US/2794c905-8389-4f28-b3a5-f780920b78aa/what-is-difference-between-zti-and-lti?forum=w7itproinstall
https://www.howtogeek.com/197559/how-to-install-windows-10-on-your-pc/
Installing and upgrading client systems

Identify Windows operating system editions

Identify hardware and compatibility requirements, determine appropriate editions per device type
Identify upgrade paths
Identify upgrade paths from previous Windows versions, identify application compatibility
Understand installation types
Perform a clean install, upgrade via Windows Update, migrate from previous Windows versions, perform removable
media installation, perform network installation
Understand operating system architecture
Understand kernel mode; understand user mode; understand memory, IRQs, drivers, CPUs, and UI; understand 32-bit
versus 64-bit architecture
Installing and upgrading client systems
Understand operating system architecture
Understand kernel mode; understand user mode; understand memory, IRQs, drivers, CPUs, and UI; understand 32-bit
versus 64-bit architecture

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/gettingstarted/user-mode-and-kernel-mode

Kernel mode - the executing code has unrestricted access to the underlying hardware
User mode - the executing code has no direct access to hardware

Interrupt request, IRQ = a hardware signal sent to the CPU that temporarily stops a program

The 64-bit version of an OS can handle large amounts of RAM more effectively than a 32-bit
operating system.
Managing applications

Configure applications
Understand local versus network applications, configure desktop applications, configure app startup options, configure
Windows features, configure Windows SmartScreen, configure application removal, configure Windows Store apps
Configure user account control (UAC)
Understand standard user versus administrative user, understand types of UAC prompts and levels
Configure antivirus settings
Configure Windows Defender and the Malicious Software Removal tool
Understand services
Understand service start-up types, service accounts, and service dependencies
Managing applications

Configure applications
Understand local versus network applications, configure desktop applications, configure app startup options, configure
Windows features, configure Windows SmartScreen, configure application removal, configure Windows Store apps
Configure user account control (UAC)
Understand standard user versus administrative user, understand types of UAC prompts and levels
Configure antivirus settings
Configure Windows Defender and the Malicious Software Removal tool
Understand services
Understand service start-up types, service accounts, and service dependencies
Managing applications

Configure applications
Understand local versus network applications, configure desktop applications, configure app startup options, configure
Windows features, configure Windows SmartScreen, configure application removal, configure Windows Store apps
Configure user account control (UAC)
Understand standard user versus administrative user, understand types of UAC prompts and levels
Configure antivirus settings
Configure Windows Defender and the Malicious Software Removal tool
Understand services
Understand service start-up types, service accounts, and service dependencies
Managing applications

Configure applications
Understand local versus network applications, configure desktop applications, configure app startup options, configure
Windows features, configure Windows SmartScreen, configure application removal, configure Windows Store apps
Configure user account control (UAC)
Understand standard user versus administrative user, understand types of UAC prompts and levels
Configure antivirus settings
Configure Windows Defender and the Malicious Software Removal tool
Understand services
Understand service start-up types, service accounts, and service dependencies
Managing files and folders

Understand file systems

Understand FAT32, NTFS, and ReFS
Understand file and print sharing
Configure File System permissions, configure Share Permissions, configure HomeGroup settings,
configure print drivers, configure effective permissions, create shares, create mapped drives
Understand encryption
Understand BitLocker and Encrypting File Systems (EFS)
Understand libraries
Understand offline files, configure libraries, add multiple local locations to a library, add networked
locations
Managing files and folders

Understand file systems

Understand FAT32, NTFS, and ReFS
Understand file and print sharing
Configure File System permissions, configure Share Permissions, configure HomeGroup settings,
configure print drivers, configure effective permissions, create shares, create mapped drives
Understand encryption
Understand BitLocker and Encrypting File Systems (EFS)
Understand libraries
Understand offline files, configure libraries, add multiple local locations to a library, add networked
locations
Managing files and folders

Understand file systems

Understand FAT32, NTFS, and ReFS
Understand file and print sharing
Configure File System permissions, configure Share Permissions, configure HomeGroup settings,
configure print drivers, configure effective permissions, create shares, create mapped drives
Understand encryption
Understand BitLocker and Encrypting File Systems (EFS)
Understand libraries
Understand offline files, configure libraries, add multiple local locations to a library, add networked
locations
Managing files and folders

Understand file systems

Understand FAT32, NTFS, and ReFS
Understand file and print sharing
Configure File System permissions, configure Share Permissions, configure HomeGroup settings,
configure print drivers, configure effective permissions, create shares, create mapped drives
Understand encryption
Understand BitLocker and Encrypting File Systems (EFS)
Understand libraries
Understand offline files, configure libraries, add multiple local locations to a library, add networked
locations
Managing devices

Connect devices
Connect, enable, and disable plug-and-play and Bluetooth devices; connect and disconnect printers;
install third-party software for devices; install device drivers
Understand storage
Understand disk types, security (encryption), storage device types (eSATA, USB, IEEE 1394, iSCSI, InfiniBand), and
storage drive types (basic, primary, extended, logical, dynamic disk, VHDs); configure OneDrive use; optimize drives
Understand printing devices
Understand local printers, network printers, print queues, print-to-file, and Internet printing
Understand system devices
Understand video, audio, and infrared input devices; understand Device Manager
Managing devices

Connect devices
Connect, enable, and disable plug-and-play and Bluetooth devices; connect and disconnect printers;
install third-party software for devices; install device drivers
Understand storage
Understand disk types, security (encryption), storage device types (eSATA, USB, IEEE 1394, iSCSI, InfiniBand), and
storage drive types (basic, primary, extended, logical, dynamic disk, VHDs); configure OneDrive use; optimize drives
Understand printing devices
Understand local printers, network printers, print queues, print-to-file, and Internet printing
Understand system devices
Understand video, audio, and infrared input devices; understand Device Manager
Managing devices

Connect devices
Connect, enable, and disable plug-and-play and Bluetooth devices; connect and disconnect printers;
install third-party software for devices; install device drivers
Understand storage
Understand disk types, security (encryption), storage device types (eSATA, USB, IEEE 1394, iSCSI, InfiniBand), and
storage drive types (basic, primary, extended, logical, dynamic disk, VHDs); configure OneDrive use; optimize drives
Understand printing devices
Understand local printers, network printers, print queues, print-to-file, and Internet printing
Understand system devices
Understand video, audio, and infrared input devices; understand Device Manager
Managing devices

Connect devices
Connect, enable, and disable plug-and-play and Bluetooth devices; connect and disconnect printers;
install third-party software for devices; install device drivers
Understand storage
Understand disk types, security (encryption), storage device types (eSATA, USB, IEEE 1394, iSCSI, InfiniBand), and
storage drive types (basic, primary, extended, logical, dynamic disk, VHDs); configure OneDrive use; optimize drives
Understand printing devices
Understand local printers, network printers, print queues, print-to-file, and Internet printing
Understand system devices
Understand video, audio, and infrared input devices; understand Device Manager
Understanding operating system maintenance

Understand backup and recovery methods

Configure System Restore; configure a recovery drive; configure recovery boot options, such as Last Known Good, and
various Safe Mode options; recover files from OneDrive
Understand maintenance tools
Understand Disk Defragmenter, Disk Cleanup, Task Scheduler, and System Information
Configure updates
Configure Windows Update options; implement Insider Preview, Current Branch, and Current Branch for Business
scenarios; manage update history; roll back updates
Understanding operating system maintenance

Understand backup and recovery methods

Configure System Restore; configure a recovery drive; configure recovery boot options, such as Last Known Good, and
various Safe Mode options; recover files from OneDrive
Understand maintenance tools
Understand Disk Defragmenter, Disk Cleanup, Task Scheduler, and System Information
Configure updates
Configure Windows Update options; implement Insider Preview, Current Branch, and Current Branch for Business
scenarios; manage update history; roll back updates
Understanding operating system maintenance

Understand backup and recovery methods

Configure System Restore; configure a recovery drive; configure recovery boot options, such as Last Known Good, and
various Safe Mode options; recover files from OneDrive
Understand maintenance tools
Understand Disk Defragmenter, Disk Cleanup, Task Scheduler, and System Information
Configure updates
Configure Windows Update options; implement Insider Preview, Current Branch, and Current Branch for Business
scenarios; manage update history; roll back updates
Zero Touch deployment vs Lite touch Deployment

LTI deployment - requires very little user interaction. Can be delopyed from a network share or from a physical drive.
ZTD - requires no interaction during the proces.

Microsoft provides many solutions: Windows Deployment Services (WDS), the Volume Activation Management Tool (VAMT),
the User State Migration Tool (USMT), Windows System Image Manager (Windows SIM), Windows Preinstallation Environment
(Windows PE), Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM), and Windows Recovery Environment (Windows RE).

You can use a PXE server to load Windows PE. PXE stands for Pre-Boot Execution Environment (PXE). To boot from LAN, you
need a PXE server, a DHCP server, and a place to share files.
FAT16, File Allocation Table (FAT), is a simple file system.
FAT can only support volumes up to 2 GB.
FAT32 support volumes only up to 32 GB.
There is also Extended File Allocation Table (exFAT).

New Technology File System (NTFS) is the preferred file

system and offers better security solutions through
permissions, encryption, and a change journal that can help
recover errors.

Resilient File System (ReFS) is a new file system introduced

with Windows Server 2012, great for file servers.
• As mentioned earlier, New Technology File System (NTFS) is the preferred file system, largely
because it supports both a much larger hard disk (up to 16 exabytes) and long file names.
• NTFS is more fault tolerant than previous file systems used in Windows because it uses
journaling to make sure that disk transactions are written properly before they can be
recognized.
• NTFS offers better security through permissions and encryption.