Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region X
Division of Cagayan de Oro City
GUSA REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL - X
Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City

C. E. R. A. E
(Content, Experience, Reflection, Analysis and Evaluation)
TOPIC: Inequalities and Equalities

Submitted by
Sean Rikki J. Occeña
G11 – Self – Discipline

Submitted to
Ferdinand Corpus
General Mathematics Teacher
CONTENT/SUMMARY
In mathematics an inequality says that two values are not equal . , a linear equation however is
an equation that may be put in the form where the variables or unknowns are, and are coefficients,
which are often real numbers, but may be parameters, or even any expression that does not
contain the unknowns a linear equation is any equation that can be written in the form ax+b=0
where a and b are real numbers and x is a variable. This form is sometimes called the standard
form of a linear equation. Most linear equations will not start off in this form. Also, the variable may
or may not be an x. There are four facts that will help us solve linear equation:

1. If a=b then a+c = b+c for any c. all this is saying is that we can add a number, c, to both

sides of the equation and not change the equation.

2. If a=b then a-c = b-c for any c. as with the last property we can subtract a number, c,

from both sides of an equation.

3. If a=b then ac = bc for any c. like addition and subtraction we can multiply both sides of

an equation by a number, c, without changing the equation.

4. If a=b then a/c = b/c for any non-zero c. we can divide both sides of an equation by a

non-zero number, c, without changing the equation.

Quadratic Equation
A quadratic equation has a standard form ax^2 + bx + c = 0, a is not equal to 0. The only
requirement here is that we have an x^2 in the equation. We guarantee that this term will be
present in the equation requiring a not equal to 0.

1. If ab = 0 the either a = 0 and/or b = 0. This fact is called the zero factor property or zero

factor principle. All the fact says is that if a product of two terms is zero then at least one

of the terms had to be zero to start off with. This will only work if the product of the

equation is equal to zero.

2. Ab = 6 in this case there is no reason to believe that either a or b will be 6. We could

have a = 2 and b = 3 for instance.

Rational

A rational expression is nothing more than a fraction in which the numerator and/or the
denominator are polynomials. There is an unspoken rule when dealing with rational expressions
that we now need to address. When dealing with numbers we know that division by zero is rational
expressions. So, when dealing with rational expressions we will always assume that whatever x is
it won’t give division by zero
 In the final two sections of this chapter we want to discuss solving equations and inequalities
that contain absolute values. We will look at equations with absolute value in them in this section
and we’ll look at inequalities in the next section. Before solving however we should first have a
brief discussion of just what absolute value is.

Inequalities involving lesser than and lesser than or equal to as we did with equations let’s
start off by looking at a lpl lesser or equal to 4 this says that no matter what p is it must have a
distance of no more than 4 form the origin. This means that p must be somewhere in the range, -4
lesser or equal to p lesser or equal to 4. We could have similar inequalities with < and get a similar
result.

Problem
Identify the domain of the expression 
      Find any values for x that
 x – 4 = 0 would make the denominator
  = 0.
 
    When x = 4, the denominator
x = 4
is equal to 0.
Answer  
The domain is all x not equal to 4.

Absolute Value Equalities

In the final two sections of this chapter we want to discuss solving equations and inequalities that
contain absolute values. We will look at equations with absolute value in them in this section and we’ll
look at inequalities in the next section. Before solving however we should first have a brief discussion
of just what absolute value

|x|<2|x|<2

Represents the distance between x and 0 that is less than 2

Absolute Value Inequalities

Inequalities involving lesser than and lesser than or equal to as we did with equations let’s start off
by looking at a lpl lesser or equal to 4 this says that no matter what p is it must have a distance of
no more than 4 form the origin. This means that p must be somewhere in the range, -4 lesser or
equal to p lesser or equal to 4. We could have similar inequalities with < and get a similar result.
|x|<2|x|<2

Represents the distance between x and 0 that is less than 2

EXPERIENCE
SELF - These lessons give me more experience and also improve my capability

to do more equation and can help my career for future purposes. I know that this

experience is destined to help me to apply in real life situation. I am thankful that Sir

Corpus was able to explain accurately of these lessons.

FAMILY - In the family, these equations were used by doing things accurately. In
your house, the equation and graphs are used to measure and compute some
matters that cannot be mentally solved.

COMMUNITY - In our community, these equations are used for the infrastructures to

be firm and durable. Also used for sketching buildings for community projects. This

equation helps the community by making life easy.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - In science and technology, this equation was used

for formulating ideas and making new inventions. This equation helps to improve the

way that has been used.

Business - In business, this equation was used for computing the sales of every

company, also the profit in every item that has been sold. This equation helps

business by formulating and analyzing ideas in order to obtain high profit and to

determine sales accurately.

INDUSTRY - In our industry, these equations were used for visualizing and locating

graphs and ideas for making industry improve its performance and making things
 that can help in our society. This equation helps

industry to gather and form ideas that can

change its way of making new products to have

better quality than usual products that was

made.

REFLECTION
I have learned that math is sometimes easy and learned that math surrounds us and we can
apply math to almost everything just like inequalities, mathematically an inequality is a relation that
holds between two values when they are different . Just like in our life we can’t live by our own. I
have also learned that domain and range are like cause and effect in life. As I stated math
surrounds us and it technically shapes us to who we are today

ANALYSIS
As an in-depth analysis of inequalities and equalities I have observed that it is essential and
should be studied more by students for it is the basic of trigonometry meaning if you mastered the
inequalities and equalities it means that you just made a small step in mastering trigonometry for
it is the fundamental.

EVALUATION
Since inequalities is the basic or fundamental of trigonometry by evaluating this topic, you can
evaluate its formula in order to fully understand how it is done and applying it properly to its proper
way of solving this problem
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region X
Division of Cagayan de Oro City
GUSA REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL - X
Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City

C. E. R. A. E
(Content, Experience, Reflection, Analysis and Evaluation)
TOPIC: Relations and Function
‘

Submitted by
Sean Rikki J. Occeña
G11 – Self – Discipline

Submitted to
Ferdinand Corpus
General Mathematics Teacher
CONTENT
Domain
In mathematics, a function was originally the idealization of how a varying quantity
depends on another quantity. For example, the position of a planet is a function of time.
The domain of a function is the complete set of possible values of the independent
variable.
This definition means:
The domain is the set of all possible x-values which will make the function "work", and will
output real y-values.
When finding the domain, remember:
The denominator (bottom) of a fraction cannot be zero
The number under a square root sign must be positive in this section

Range
The range of a function is the complete set of all possible resulting values of the dependent variable
(y, usually), after we have substituted the domain.
In plain English, the definition means:
The range is the resulting y-values we get after substituting all the possible x-values.
Example of domain and range

Linear Function

The linear function is popular in economics. It is attractive because it is simple and easy to handle
mathematically. It has many important applications.
Linear functions are those whose graph is a straight line.
A linear function has the following form
y = f(x) = a + bx
A linear function has one independent variable and one dependent variable. The independent
variable is x and the dependent variable is y.
a is the constant term or the y intercept. It is the value of the dependent variable when x = 0.
b is the coefficient of the independent variable. It is also known as the slope and gives the rate of
change of the dependent variable.
Example
Quadratic Function

A quadratic function is one of the form f(x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a, b,

and c are numbers with a not equal to zero.
Example

Square root Function

The inverse relationship for the square function y = x 2 with its entire domain of all real
numbers is y = ±± x−−√x which is not a function. An inverse function can be defined
by restricting the domain of the square function. Thus the square root function g (x)
= x−−√x is the inverse for f(x) = x2 where x is a non-negative number. 

Same way restricting the domain as x ≤≤ 0, the negative of g(x), h(x) = - x−
−√x becomes the inverse for the square function.   
Example

Greatest Integer Function

The greatest integer function is represented/denoted by [x], for any real function. The
function rounds -off the real number down to the integer less than the number. When
the intervals are in the form of (n, n+1), the value of greatest integer function is n,
where n is an integer. Example

Absolute Value Function

An absolute value function is a function that contains an algebraic expression within

absolute value symbols. Recall that the absolute value of a number is its distance
from 00 on the number line.
The absolute value parent function, written as f(x)=| x |f(x)=| x |, is defined as
f(x)=⎨x⎪   if  x>00      if  x=0−x   if  x<0
Example
Composite Function

In mathematics, a function is like a machine. It performs a set of operations on an

input in order to produce an output. Therefore, a composition of functions occurs
when the output, or result, of one function becomes the input of another function.
For functions represented by f(x) or g(x), the composition would be represented
by f(g(x)) or g(f(x)). It is important to know that f(g(x)) does not usually have the
same value as g(f(x)), so order matters when calculating their composition. A general
rule to keep in mind is to work from the inside out. The innermost function is the one
that you should start with.
Example

Exponential Function
An exponential function is a mathematical function of the following form:
f ( x ) = a x
Where x is a variable, and a is a constant called the base of the function. The most
commonly encountered exponential-function base is the transcendental number e ,
which is equal to approximately 2.71828. Thus, the above expression becomes ( x )
= e x
When the exponent in this function increases by 1, the value of the function
increases by a factor of e . When the exponent decreases by 1, the value of the
function decreases by this same factor (it is divided by e ).
In electronics and experimental science, base-10 exponential functions are
encountered. The general form if ( x ) = 10 x
When the exponent increases by 1, the value of the base-10 function increases by a
factor of 10; when the exponent decreases by 1, the value of the function becomes
1/10 as great. A change of this extent is called one order of magnitude.
For a given, constant base such as e or 10, the exponential function "undoes"
the logarithm function, and the logarithm undoes the exponential. Thus, these
functions are inverses of each other.
Example.
Piece Wise Function

A piecewise function is a function in which more than one formula is used to define
the output over different pieces of the domain.
We use piecewise functions to describe situations in which a rule or relationship
changes as the input value crosses certain “boundaries.” For example, we often
encounter situations in business for which the cost per piece of a certain item is
discounted once the number ordered exceeds a certain value. Tax brackets are
another real-world example of piecewise functions.

Cubic Function
Equations of the third degree are called cubic equations. The general form of a cubic
is  . Cubic equations have three possible values for x, at least
one of which is real. There are several methods for solving cubic equations:
factorization, rational root theorem, Descartes rule of signs, Vieta's root theorem, and
Cardano's method. Cardano's method is used for the cubic equations that are not

easy to solve. To use the method, substitute   to eliminate the x² term. The

new equation is   where   and  . Once the

cubic is reduced to this form called the depressed form, the steps for finding the
roots are different depending on the different solutions all roots are real, some
complex, neither is zero, etc.

Logarithmic Function

Logarithmic functions are generally given in the form  , where a is the

base. The common logarithm refers to a base of ten. Logarithmic functions are
continuous for all values of   and are the inverses of their exponential

counterparts. The derivative of a logarithmic function is  . Some

general rules of logarithmic functions are:

A special case of logarithmic functions is the natural logarithm,  . It is

 defined as  , and its derivative is  , for  . The base of the

natural log is Euler's number e, such that .

Polynomial Function

A polynomial function has the form  ,

where   are real numbers and n is a nonnegative integer. In other

words, a polynomial is the sum of one or more monomials with real coefficients and
nonnegative integer exponents. The degree of the polynomial function is the highest
value for n where an is not equal to 0. Polynomial functions of only one term are

called monomials or power functions. A power function has the form  .

For a polynomial function f, any number r for which   is called a zero or

root of the function f. When a polynomial function is completely factored, each of the
factors helps identify zeros of the function.
Rational Function
a rational function is any function which can be defined by a rational
fraction, i.e. an algebraic fraction such that both the numerator and the denominator
are polynomials. The coefficients of the polynomials need not be rational numbers;
they may be taken in any field K. In this case, one speaks of a rational function and a
rational fraction over K. The values of the variables may be taken in any
field L containing K. Then the domain of the function is the set of the values of the
variables for which the denominator is not zero and the codomain is L.
The set of rational functions over a field K is a field, the field of fractions of the ring of
the polynomial functions over K.

Inverse Function
An inverse function is a function that undoes the action of the another function. A
function gg is the inverse of a function ff if whenever y=f(x)y=f(x) then x=g(y)x=g(y).
In other words, applying ff and then gg is the same thing as doing nothing. We can
write this in terms of the composition of ff and gg as g(f(x))=xg(f(x))=x.
A function ff has an inverse function only if for every yy in its range there is only one
value of xx in its domain for which f(x)=yf(x)=y. This inverse function is unique and is
frequently denoted by f−1f−1 and called “ff inverse.”
For an overview into the idea of an inverse function, see the function machine
inverse.

One to one Function

 function f with domain A is called a one-to-one function if every f(x)-value in the
range B comes from only one x-value in A. 
Every element in A is mapped/connected to a unique element in B.
 Formally stated: f is 1−1 if and only if for some x1,x2∈A,
f(x1)=f(x2)impliesthatx1=x

Odd and even function

even functions and odd functions are functions which satisfy
particular symmetry relations, with respect to taking additive inverses. They are
important in many areas of mathematical analysis, especially the theory of power
series and Fourier series. They are named for the parity of the powers of the power
functions which satisfy each condition: the function f(x) = xn is an even function if n is
an even integer, and it is an odd function if n is an odd integer.

EXPERIENCE
FAMILY - In the family, these equations were used by doing things accurately. In
your house, the equation and graphs are used to measure and compute some
matters that cannot be mentally solved.

COMMUNITY - In our community, these equations are used for the infrastructures to

be firm and durable. Also used for sketching buildings for community projects. This

equation helps the community by making life easy.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - In science and technology, this equation was used

for formulating ideas and making new inventions. This equation helps to improve the

way that has been used.

Business - In business, this equation was used for computing the sales of every

company, also the profit in every item that has been sold. This equation helps

business by formulating and analyzing ideas in order to obtain high profit and to

determine sales accurately.

INDUSTRY - In our industry, these equations were used for visualizing and locating

graphs and ideas for making industry improve its performance and making things

that can help in our society. This equation helps industry to gather and form ideas
 that can change its way of making new products to have better quality than usual

products that was made.

REFLECTION
I have learned that math is sometimes easy and learned that math surrounds us and we can
apply math to almost everything just like functions, mathematically an inequality is a relation that
holds between two values when they are different. Just like in our life we can’t live by our own. I have
also learned that domain and range are like cause and effect in life. As I stated math surrounds us
and it technically shapes us to who we are today

ANALYSIS
As an in-depth analysis of relations and functions I have observed that it is essential and should
be studied more by students for it is the basic of trigonometry meaning if you mastered the
inequalities and equalities it means that you just made a small step in mastering trigonometry for
it is the fundamental.

EVALUATION
In mathematics, a function was originally the idealization of how a varying quantity depends on another
quantity. For example, the position of a planet is a function of time. By evaluating this topic, you can
evaluate its formula in order to fully understand how it is done and applying it properly to its proper
way of solving this problem