Air Conditioning Design: Proposed 25 TR Packaged Type Centralized Air-Conditioning System For AVC Covered Court

BATAAN HEROES MEMORIAL COLLEGE
Roman Super Hi-way, Balanga City, Bataan

Tel. No. (047)237-2383 Fax No. (047)237-2383 [email protected]
Mechanical Engineering Department
ME 513
AIR CONDITIONING DESIGN
Proposed 25 TR Packaged Type Centralized Air-

Conditioning System for AVC Covered Court
Prepared By:
Vidal, Alvin A.
Design of 25 TR Centralized Air-Conditioning System of AVC Covered Court 0| P a g e

PREFACE
This design thesis essentially entails the design of an air-conditioning

system. The technical specifications of the equipment, as well as the overview
of the location.
This thesis is intended for the residences of Samal, Bataan in learning

the scope of an air-conditioning, its system and design. This is intended to be
dynamic that will periodically be reviewed and updated as deemed necessary.
Error may inevitably create into even work as it do. So any constructive
critics by the readers will be highly appreciated. Further guidance and
correction is to be taken care of by my instructor.
Vidal, Alvin A.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The current proponents recognized the fact that this research endeavour
will not be fully realized without the generous effort and moral support of
significant individuals who on one way or another extended their hands in
helping the researcher in fulfilling this tedious research undertaking.
I greatly thank our Mechanical Engineering Instructor, Engr. Ramon

Christopher Lucas, who generously offered his precious time in guiding and
inspiring the researcher to go on despite the many obstacles met in the course.
The researcher, parents, closed relatives and friends for their moral and
financials supports. Their words of inspiration served as guide and strength of
the researcher to finish the research undertaking, despite the many trials
encountered.
The sincerest gratitude of the researcher is extended to the ALMIGHTY

GOD, who was the source of knowledge and wisdom and everything beautiful in
the world and for the proper guidance that led the researcher to the direction.
Vidal, Alvin A.

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
To: Engr. Ramon Christopher Lucas LPT

Instructor, Engineering Department – Mechanical Engineering Studies
Bataan Heroes Memorial College
Balanga City, Bataan
Dear Sir,
In partial fulfilment in ME 5th year subject: Air-Conditioning Design, I

hereby submitted the Centralized Air-conditioning System of AVC Covered
Court, a project where I have devoted effort and perseverance. This work
contains important information on Air-conditioning and technical specification
for the proposed project base on the actual data I have gathered.
The study contains the design and computation of the air-conditioning.

The main purpose of this thesis is to design a centralized air-conditioning
system of the Covered Court.
I hopes that this proposed project study will meet the standards and
preferential consideration that will harvest your most welcome approval.
Respectfully yours,
Vidal, Alvin A.
BSME-V

DEDICATION
I, Alvin A. Vidal dedicate this project to God Almighty our creator, the strong
pillar, the source of his inspiration, wisdom, knowledge and understanding. That he has
been the source of his strength throughout this program and on his wings only have I
soared. I also dedicate this work to my parents who has encouraged the author all the
way and whose encouragement has made sure that gives it all it takes to finish that
which have started. And I also dedicates this work to all engineering students especially
in Mechanical Engineering Department and hoping this will benefit the Mechanical
Engineering community especially in Bataan Heroes Memorial College to be a good
reference to the provide procedures encountered, in the Air-Conditioning Design.

Chapter 1
PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION
Air conditioning is the simultaneous control of temperature, humidity,

motion and purity of air to attain the requirements of a confined space. The
process is basically cooling if the desired temperature of the space is lower than
its surrounding temperature. This is applicable during summer. The process is
basically heating if the desired temperature of the space is higher that the
surrounding temperature and this is applicable during rainy season. In
maintaining productivity, air quality is an essential consideration to the comfort
and health of the occupants. It can have a real effect on the well-being, and the
benefits of air conditioning can help make a real difference. Air conditioning
refers to the sudden control of motion, humidity, temperature and cleanliness of
air to cope with the requirements of confined space.
The human beings produce heat inside the room which leads to increase
in temperature inside the room and creation of uncomfortable conditions. As the
number of human beings inside the room increase, the total heat generated by
the human beings also increases. Comfort applications aim to offer a building
indoor environment that remains fairly constant in a variety favored by human
notwithstanding changes in external weather conditions or in internal heat loads.
Air-conditioning makes deep plan buildings possible for otherwise they‘d have to
be build narrower or with light wells so that inner space receives sufficient
outdoor air via natural ventilation.
Due to climate change happening, the temperature in our country is

almost unpredictable and affects the human behavior. Research also directs that
many schools suffer from “sick building syndrome” which affects the absence and

performance of all students. Moreover, bacteria and viruses contributes to

childhood disease are commonly found in schools with poor ventilation systems.
Indoor pollutants are also emitted from office equipment, flooring materials
paints, adhesives, cleaning products, pesticides, and insects. All of these
environmental hazards can negatively affect students, particularly in schools with
poor ventilation systems.
Event centres are constructed to provide safe and comfortable internal

area and research environment despite variation in external conditions.
Maintained of a design interior condition without having high cost expenditure is
relied upon on a good building design and an air-conditioning design. The
primary intent of this study is to come up with appropriate air-conditioning design
that will intimately maintain good air quality and controlled temperature even
during peak loads.
The AVC covered court is a large space building, having the

characteristics of the higher height, wide span, large space, varied function, the
use of the short-term, and so on. Huge power consumption would increase the
running cost. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a practical and effective air
conditioning design for such a building.
Statement of the problem
This study will be conducted to come up an installation design for Air-

conditioning units to be installed at the AVC covered court.Specially this study
will be aimed to:
a. Determine what is the cooling capacity of AVC Covered Court?
b. What is the best price and specification of an air-conditioner for the

design of centralized air-conditioning system in AVC Covered
Court?

c. What are the benefits of having centralized air-conditioning design

in AVC Covered Court?
Objective of the study
 To identify the cooling capacity of AVC Covered Court.
 To determine the best price and specification of an air-

conditioner for the design of centralized air-conditioning system
in AVC Covered Court.
 To know the benefits of having air-conditioning design in AV

Covered Court.
 To learn the design and installation needs in a Centralized Air-
Conditioning System and to identify the material that must be
considered in the design.
Significance of the study

To the people. The result of this study helps them to be comfortable in
Covered Court while having an event.
To the Youth. The result of this study benefits them the knowledge on
proposing air-conditioning design, for them to see the equipment need and
design of air-cinditioning that is needed in a certain place.


To the future researcher. This study benefits them additional knowledge

and learning about air-conditioning design for them to be able to analyze if the
design is correct for future learnings.
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature

The research paper presents guidelines for evaluation and design of

natural ventilation for Sub urban houses in Thailand which is a part of building
energy code development for residential buildings. The initial studies find that it is
possible for natural ventilation to achieve thermal comfort conditions in place of
mechanical air-conditioning systems, especially in winter. The experimental
research is divided into two parts: environmental arrangement and building
opening. By measuring air conditions flowing through different generic types of
environment, it is found that the best environment is that covered with large
trees. Computational fluid dynamics studies on generic houses discover that
cross ventilation is more effective than two-side ventilation, and is much more
effective than one-side ventilation. In general, increasing the size of openings
improves the effectiveness of natural ventilation.
This axiom implies that houses should be tightly sealed to reduce

infiltration, and a whole-house ventilation system installed to provide fresh air and
remove pollutants when and where needed, in a controlled manner (i.e., in
amounts needed) that does not negatively impact indoor air quality, building
components, or heating and cooling bills.
The sport hall in Goldbach (Germany), is a typical dual-purpose hall with a

narrow spectator area. The supporting structure consists of wooden trusses,

making the installation of ducting impossible. The operators therefore chose a

decentralised ventilation system comprising one unit per court, each with energy
recovery and an air flow rate of 5500 m³/h. These units also supply the heating
for the hall. The integrated Air-Injector air outlets with high induction represent an
extremely effective solution. In the occupied area of the courts, they provide
intensive, draught-free air distribution which automatically ensures an even
distribution of temperature. And with a measured stratification of only 0.15 K/m,
they save energy because of the low temperature difference between floor and
ceiling.
The indoor sports hall has become one of the favorite venues for sport
activities. Traditionally, sports in Australia has been an outdoor pastime. But in
recent times, an increased awareness of skin cancers and other health risks,
coupled with a broadening of the range of sports being played, has seen an
upsurge in indoor recreational pursuits and a trend towards multi-purpose
facilities. The growing desire for better indoor environmental quality in the indoor
sports centers has resulted in a marked increase in energy consumption in this
building sector. While current research on indoor environmental quality mainly
focuses on residences and offices, few studies are concerned with the indoor
environment of large enclosures. Studies regarding sports centers mainly deal
with ventilation issues in terms of energy cost and saving, while indoor air quality
is not directly addressed .Indoor air pollution profiles were assessed during three
concerts and one ice hockey game carried out in three different halls for
recreational activities in Switzerland. Sharp increases in pollution concentrations
were observed when visitors enter the halls and an exponential decrease in
concentration after the event has ended (Junker et. al., 2000). Studies conducted
by Chow et al. (2002) illustrated that many mechanical ventilation and air
conditioning systems in big halls were not designed properly, leading to lots of
complaints on poor ventilation performance. The amount of fresh air supplied to a
space was observed to be sufficient, but distribution of air was not considered

carefully. As a result, it was difficult to provide a comfortable thermal environment

with good indoor air quality.
Air-conditioning systems have been used in many parts of the world. The
purpose of most systems is to provide thermal comfort and an acceptable indoor
air quality (IAQ) for occupants. With the improvement of standard of living,
occupants require more and more comfortable and healthful indoor environment.
People spend 8090% of their time indoors, and indoor environment has important
effects on human health and work efficiency. The factors affecting indoor
environment mainly include temperature, humidity, air exchange rate, air
movement, ventilation, particle pollutants, biological pollutants, and gaseous
pollutants (Graudenz et al., 2005). By analyzing recent studies, Seppanen and
Fisk (2002) found that there was an increase in prevalence of sick building
syndrome (SBS) between 30% and 200% in the buildings with air-conditioning
systems when compared with natural ventilation systems. Death caused by
Legionnaires’ disease even occurred in air-conditioned buildings. In addition,
SARS occurred in 2003. All of these events are a warning for indoor environment
problems related to AC systems. It is fair to say that indoor environment
problems still exist in many air-conditioned and mechanically ventilated buildings,
even though existing standards may be met.
One of the consequences of the worldwide energy crisis in 1970s is the

public recognition of the importance of energy saving. The buildings built since
then are more airtight and use a great deal of insulation materials to minimize the
loss of energy through the building envelope. Fresh air is reduced in air-
conditioning systems in order to reduce the energy consumption. Meanwhile,
synthetic materials and chemical products (e.g., building materials and decorating
materials) have widely been used indoors. The combination of low ventilation rates
and the presence of numerous synthetic chemicals results in

elevatedconcentrations of indoor particle pollutants and volatile organic

compounds (VOCs) (e.g., benzene, toluene, and formaldehyde). This is deemed
to be a major contributing factor to compound hypersensitiveness (Wang et al.,
2004a).
However, it is exciting that some comfortable and healthy air-conditioning

systems were proposed in the past few years. In order to control the concentration
level of indoor pollutants and to improve IAQ, many researchers have investigated
the control methods of IAQ. In this paper, recent research will be reviewed on air-
conditioning systems and indoor air quality control for human health.
Building design process Mayer, et al. (1991) pointed out that energy-
efficient buildings are the result of not only a responsible attitude toward energy
but also how successfully the designer is able to apply energy technology and
energy analysis tools during the design process. Building design is a creative
process based on iteration: one begins by responding to a situation with an
abstract idea, then objectifies it by proposing a trial design, evaluates it, redesigns
it, develops it, re-evaluates it, and so on (Brown, 1990). Lorsch (1993) explained
that design consists of a continuous back-and-forth process as the designer
selects from the universe of available components and control options to
synthesize the optimum solution within the given constraints. It is essential to
understand the relationship between design and performance variables in the
context of practical design development. Figure 2.3 shows the applications of
energy analysis at various phases of the building design process, including
feasibility, pre-design, detail design, completion, commissioning and operation.
Information required and major tasks Mayer, et al. (1991) found that the common
information required by energy advisor include building envelope design, HVAC
equipment selection, lighting systems, building operating costs, energy targets,
climatic data, energy standards and local codes. Major design tasks that affect
building energy consumption are (NSW Public Works, 1993):

• Selection of materials for and design of the build

• Air conditioning zoning, load estimation and plant
• Air handling and primary plant system selection
• Equipment selection-load(fullperformandce andpartplant loading).
• Piping system design (pump energy).
• Air distribution system design (fan energy).
• Solar water heating systems (if any).
• Lighting design.
Willis Haviland Carrier invented the first air conditioner in 1902. This was
designed to boost the working process control in a printing plant. Carrier’s
invention controlled temperature and humidity. The low heat and humidity helped
keep the paper dimensions and ink alignment the same. Later his invention was
used to populate productivity in the workplace. The Carrier Air Conditioning
Company of America developed for the increasing demands. Gradually, air
conditioning was used to help increase comfort in homes and cars. Residential
sales increased rapidly in the 1950's.
Carrier lived from 1876-1950. He graduated with a Masters in Engineering

from Cornell University. One of Carrier’s first patents was awarded to him in
1906,“The Apparatus for Treating Air”. The American Society of Mechanical
Engineers was given Willis Carrier’s formula for the Rational Psychrometric
Formulae. The Carrier Engineering Corporation was formed in 1915.
The factors for exponential growth for air-conditioning are the HVAC
Market, energy, environment, communication, societal, political, preparing for the
future, looking ahead, and the conclusion. Buildings of the U.S. use approximately
35% of the nation’s precise total of energy consumption. The worth of shipments
by U.S. HVAC manufacturers was over $28 billion of 1996. Since there are 52,000

CHC chillers needed to be replaced among the U.S., there’s a large opportunity for
new chillers, new technology for the HVAC industry.
Chapter 3
Methodology

METHODOLOGY
Air-Conditioning is the process of removing heat from the interior of an

occupied space, to improve the comfort of occupants. Air conditioning can be
used in both domestic and commercial environments. This process is most
commonly used to achieve a more comfortable interior environment, typically for
humans or animals; however, air conditioning is also used to cool/dehumidify
rooms filled with heat-producing electronic devices, such as computer servers,
power amplifiers, and even to display and store artwork.
The method or system that the researcher used for this study is a
Centralized Air Conditioning System. To use Centralized Air Conditioning System
for its effectiveness in large-scale structures, cheaper cost for air conditioning a
large scale structure and its ability to properly filter the air within the structure.
Central Air Conditioning System is a great choice for general comfort and energy
efficiency. Multiple window units are definitely less efficient than a single, central
system that controls the entire building.

Air conditioners often use a fan to distribute the conditioned air to an

occupied space such as a building or a car to improve thermal comfort and
indoor air quality. Electric refrigerant-based AC units range from small units that
can cool a small bedroom, which can be carried by a single adult, to massive
units installed on the roof of office towers that can cool an entire building. The
cooling is typically achieved through a refrigeration cycle, but sometimes
evaporation or free cooling is used. Air conditioning systems can also be made
based on desiccants (chemicals which remove moisture from the air) and
subterraneous pipes that can distribute the heated refrigerant to the ground for
cooling.
Variable Air Volume (VAV) describes a method of temperature control and is

characterized by:
a. Supply air stream of constant temperature.
b. Modulation of the amount of air that serves a particular space.
VAV is the most common method employed in commercial/institutional

buildings and is both an effective and economical means of temperature control.
Another term frequently associated with VAV is “zone control.” When the
space is large, such as an auditorium or open factory floor, the HVAC system
delivers tempered supply air based on a single setpoint and space temperature.
However, when the system must maintain the comfort level in several zones the
problem becomes more complex. For example, an office area system must
maintain a comfortable temperature based on multiple setpoints in individual
rooms. VAV is the de facto solution to these more complex scenarios.
The simplest VAV system controls air from a single supply duct and varies the
airflow to each zone or room based upon the temperature in the room.
HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning)

Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) equipment perform

heating and/or cooling for residential, commercial or industrial buildings. The
HVAC system may also be responsible for providing fresh outdoor air to dilute
interior airborne contaminants such as odors from occupants, volatile organic
compounds (VOC’s) emitted from interior furnishings, chemicals used for
cleaning, etc. A properly designed system will provide a comfortable indoor
environment year round when properly maintained.
How does my AC work?

An air conditioner cools and dehumidifies the air as is passes over a cold coil
surface. The indoor coil is an air-to-liquid heat exchanger with rows of tubes that
pass the liquid through the coil. Finned surfaces connected to these tubes
increase the overall surface area of the cold surface thereby increasing the heat
transfer characteristics between the air passing over the coil and liquid passing
through the coil. The type of liquid used depends on the system selected. Direct-
expansion (DX) equipment uses refrigerant as the liquid medium. Chilled-water
(CW) can also be used as a liquid medium. When the required temperature of a
chilled water system is near the freezing point of water, freeze protection is
added in the form of glycols or salts. Regardless of the liquid medium used, the
liquid is delivered to the cooling coil at a cold temperature.
In the case of direct expansion equipment, the air passing over the indoor
cooling coil heats the cold liquid refrigerant. Heating the refrigerant causes
boiling and transforms the refrigerant from a cold liquid to a warm gas. This warm
gas (or vapor) is pumped from the cooling coil to the compressor through a
copper tube (suction line to the compressor) where the warm gas is compressed.
In some cases, an accumulator is placed between the cooling coil and the
compressor to capture unused liquid refrigerant and ensures that only vapor
enters the compressor. The compression process increases the pressure of the
refrigerant vapor and significantly increases the temperature of the vapor. The
compressor pumps the vapor through another heat exchanger (outdoor

condenser) where heat is rejected and the hot gas is condensed to a warm high
pressure liquid. This warm high pressure liquid is pumped through a smaller
copper tube (liquid line) to a filter (or filter/dryer) and then on to an expansion
device where the high pressure liquid is reduced to a cold, low pressure liquid.
The cold liquid enters the indoor cooling coil and the process repeats.
As this liquid passes through the indoor cooling coil on the inside of the
heat exchanger, two things happen to the air that passes over the coil’s surface
on the outside of the heat exchanger. The air’s temperature is lowered (sensible
cooling) and moisture in the air is removed (latent cooling) if the indoor air dew
point is higher than the temperature of the coil’s surface. The total cooling
(capacity) of an AC system is the sum of the sensible and latent cooling. Many
factors influence the cooling capacity of a DX air conditioner. Total cooling is
inversely proportional to outdoor temperature. As the outdoor temperature
increases the total capacity is reduced. Air flow over the indoor cooling coil also
affects the coil’s capacity and is directly proportional to the total capacity of an
AC system. As air flow increasthe total capacity also increases. At higher air flow
rates the latent capacity of the cooling coil is reduced. Indoor temperature and
humidity also affect the total capacity of the AC system. As indoor temperatures
increase, the sensible capacity also increases. Similarly, as indoor relative
humidity increases the latent capacity of the AC system increases.
Manufacturers of AC equipment typically provide a “performance map” of specific
equipment to show how total, sensible, and latent capacity change with changing
indoor and outdoor temperatures and humidity. Power consumption and energy
efficiency are also provided in these charts.

Chapter 4
Design & Layouts

TYPE OF AC DESIGN
Central Air-Conditioning System
Central air conditioners circulate cool air through a system of supply and
return ducts. Supply ducts and registers (i.e., openings in the walls, floors, or
ceilings covered by grills) carry cooled air from the air conditioner to the home.
This cooled air becomes warmer as it circulates through the home; then it flows
back to the central air conditioner through return ducts and registers. To learn
how central air conditioners compare to other cooling systems, check out our
Energy Saver 101 Info graphic: Home Cooling.
Air conditioners help to dehumidify the incoming air, but in extremely

humid climates or in cases where the air conditioner is oversized, it may not
achieve a low humidity. Running a dehumidifier in your air conditioned home will
increase your energy use, both for the dehumidifier itself and because the air
conditioner will require more energy to cool your house. A preferable alternative

is a dehumidifying heat pipe, which can be added as a retrofit to most existing

systems.
If you have a central air system in your home, set the fan to shut off at the
same time as the compressor, which is usually done by setting the "auto" mode
on the fan setting. In other words, don't use the system's central fan to provide air
circulation -- use circulating fans in individual rooms.
Types of Central Air Conditioners
A central air conditioner is either a split-system unit or a packaged unit.
In a split-system central air conditioner, an outdoor metal cabinet contains

the condenser and compressor, and an indoor cabinet contains the evaporator.
In many split-system air conditioners, this indoor cabinet also contains a furnace
or the indoor part of a heat pump. The air conditioner's evaporator coil is installed
in the cabinet or main supply duct of this furnace or heat pump. If your home
already has a furnace but no air conditioner, a split-system is the most
economical central air conditioner to install.
In a packaged central air conditioner, the evaporator, condenser, and

compressor are all located in one cabinet, which usually is placed on a roof or on
a concrete slab next to the house's foundation. This type of air conditioner also is
used in small commercial buildings. Air supply and return ducts come from
indoors through the home's exterior wall or roof to connect with the packaged air

conditioner, which is usually located outdoors. Packaged air conditioners often

include electric heating coils or a natural gas furnace. This combination of air
conditioner and central heater eliminates the need for a separate furnace
indoors.
Floor Plan



Equipment

Air condensing unit



Ducts
Diffuser
Installation

1. If you’re local government requires permitting for the HVAC work, either
we'll obtain the permit or you can chose to take care of it. In most cases,
we do it.
2. Your new outdoor unit will be positioned correctly. The contractor will
install it and secure it to the site.
3. Connect the indoor and outdoor units by determining the appropriate size
for refrigerant lines, drain piping, and electrical lines. These components
link the parts of the indoor unit to the outdoor unit.
4. Check the thermostat to the central air conditioner. You may have a new
thermostat installed or continue to use your existing unit.
5. Pull a vacuum to remove contaminants from the refrigerant lines and

charge the new central air conditioner with refrigerant. This is a crucial
step in a proper installation.
6. Start up the new cooling system and check temperatures at the

registers/vents.
7. Perform a complete installation inspection to ensure the installation was

done correctly and the system functions properly.
Operation
Central air conditioners circulate cool air through a system of supply and
return ducts. Supply ducts and registers (i.e., openings in the walls, floors, or
ceilings covered by grills) carry cooled air from the air conditioner to the home.

This cooled air becomes warmer as it circulates through the home; then it flows
back to the central air conditioner through return ducts and registers.
Air conditioners help to dehumidify the incoming air, but in extremely

humid climates or in cases where the air conditioner is oversized, it may not
achieve a low humidity. Running a dehumidifier in your air conditioned home will
increase your energy use, both for the dehumidifier itself and because the air
conditioner will require more energy to cool your house. A preferable alternative
is a dehumidifying heat pipe, which can be added as a retrofit to most existing
systems.
Maintenance
Central air conditioners require a high degree of training, knowledge and

experience to repair properly. Both of the main components: Evaporator and
condenser are sealed units therefore, special training and tools are required to
service them. To maintain peak performance and efficiency of your central air
conditioning system, schedule an annual inspection, adjustment and cleaning for
preventive maintenance with a reputable contractor before the summer months
set in.
Choosing the right contractor is as important as maintaining your heating

and cooling system. Before hiring an HVAC contractor, verify that they are
licensed, insured and carry the required knowledge and experience to service
you home’s system. The BBB (Better Business Bureau) is a great place to start,
as they will have any complaints, lawsuits or concerns on file regarding the
applicable contractor. Ask the contractor for a list of references with phone
numbers so that you can call and ask pointed questions such as the quality,
cleanliness and timeliness of the work performed.

Upon arriving at your home, and after introductions are made, the
contractor will begin his/her inspection, adjustment and cleaning procedures. A
thorough cleaning and inspection should include the following:
 Lubrication of any moving parts such as blower fan motors, fan blades
and condenser fan.
 Verifies refrigerant levels are correct and adds Freon when necessary.
 Performs various safety checks on the system.
 Inspects and cleans the evaporator coils.
 Inspects and adjusts any contactors, wiring and related connections.
 Inspects and tests capacitors and relays within the system.
 Verifies the condensate drain is free of obstructions and is draining

properly.
 Cleans the condenser coil.
 Inspects the outdoor disconnect.
 Inspects condenser fan motor and blades.
 Performs an amperage startup test on the compressor.
 Service contracts for annual preventive maintenance are available

through many HVAC contractors and companies. Benefits often
include:
The benefits of annual preventive maintenance checkups on your central

air-conditioning system far outweigh the costs of the service. With regular
preventive maintenance checkups, you can expect:

 Peak performance from your central air conditioning system.
 Increased energy efficiency as a finely tuned and maintained unit will

consume less energy, reducing your energy costs.
 Early warning of potential equipment failures in the future.
 A peace of mind knowing your home’s central air conditioning system is

in
 A1 condition and using energy efficiently.
 Annual preventive maintenance contracts are great but sometimes

trouble arises in between appointments. Although most central air
conditioning repairs require a professional, there are some things you
can do to troubleshoot and even correct your home’s system.
 When your system loses its power, check for tripped breakers or blown
fuses in the circuit breaker box. However, use extreme caution when
working around electricity.
 If the system is running but not cooling, try lowering the thermostat
settings by 5 degrees.
 The system is running but air is not coming out of the vents. Check for a
dirty filter and replace if necessary. A dirty filter can lead to ice forming
on the evaporator coil, which will prevent airflow.
 Clean the evaporator coils. A dirty evaporator coil can also lead to ice
forming on its coil, prohibiting airflow. Find detailed instructions below.
 Inspect the condenser outside unit coils for dirt, debris and vegetation
that can impede airflow to the compressor. If the compressor cannot
breath, it could overheat and shut down.

 If you forgot to change the filter or ran your system without one, which
happens more often than you would think, your evaporator coils might
have gotten dirty. Therefore, you find yourself 6 months before your
next scheduled cleaning and maintenance call wondering what to do.
No sweat, most homeowners should have no trouble cleaning their
evaporator coils themselves and preventing a costly service call. Gather
the following items before starting this project:
Step 1. Turn the power off to the central air conditioning system at the circuit
breaker box.
Step 2. Remove the air filter on the evaporator unit to expose the underside —
the side most exposed to dirt and debris collection — of the evaporator coils.
Step 3. Clean the area beneath the evaporator when applicable and vacuum as
much of the loose debris from the evaporator coils as possible.
Step 4. Mix the coil cleaner when applicable with clean water according to
manufacturer’s instructions. Some coil cleaners might not require mixing with
water so read the instructions carefully.
Step 5. Apply the solution liberally to the evaporator coils using the spray bottle.
Be sure to wear your safety goggles and rubber gloves to prevent injury.
Step 6. Rinse the evaporator coils with clean water using a plastic spray bottle.
Step 7. Vacuum entire area and wipe up excess solution, dirt or debris with
clean rags.
Step 8. Install a new filter.

Hiring a Professional
When your air conditioner needs more than regular maintenance, hire a
professional service technician. A well-trained technician will find and fix
problems in your air conditioning system.
The technician should:
Check for correct amount of refrigerant

Test for refrigerant leaks using a leak detector
Capture any refrigerant that must be evacuated from the system,
instead of illegally releasing it to the atmosphere
Check for and seal duct leakage in central systems
Measure airflow through the evaporator coil
Verify the correct electric control sequence and make sure that the
heating system and cooling system cannot operate
simultaneously
Inspect electric terminals, clean and tighten connections, and apply a
non-conductive coating if necessary
Oil motors and check belts for tightness and wear
Check the accuracy of the thermostat.
Design Consideration
 Name of Building: AVC Covered Court
 Type of Building: Multi- Purpose Building
 Floor area: 892 m2
 Estimated No. of Occupants: 300
 Room Design: 20˚C and 50%RH
 Outdoor Air: 40%
 Outdoor Design: 35˚C DB and 22˚C WB

 Recirculated air: 60˚C

 Period of Equipment Operation: 12 Hours
GANTT CHART
Activity Duration Time (Weeks)
1 2 3 4 5 6
1. Project Planning

2. Ordering of Needed
Materials & Machineries
3. Shipping
4. Machinery & ducting

materials preparation
5. Installation of machineries
and ductwork fabrication
6. Building of control room
7. Ducting installation &

accessories
8. Operation

Chapter 5
Design & Computation
Design computation of Heat Load
Table 4.4 Stoecker , page 69
Thermal Resistance of Materials | R, m2 k/w, R

Ouside Air Firm = 0.029
Concrete block, sand and gravel =0.18
Air Space =0.17

Cement Plaster – 12mm =0.01668

Steel =0.32
Inside Air Firm =0.12
Total Thermal Resistance, Rt

= 0.83568 R,m2 k/w
Area Of Wall, Window, Door & Roof
(A1)Front Wall & Back Wall

A = BH
A = (5.8)(35)
A = 203 sq.m (A1)
(A2) Left Wall & Right Wall

A = BH
A = (25.5)(5.8)
A = 147.9 sq.m
πab
A=
2
π (12.75)(3)
A=
2
A = 60.0829 sq.m
A = 147.9 sq.m + 60.0829 sq.m

A = 207.9829 sq.m (A2)
(A3)Glass Gate
A = BH
A = (3)(2.5)
A = 7.5 sq.m (A3)
(A4) Glass Window

π (4.9)(1.8)
A=
2
A = 27.71 sq.m (A4)

(A5)Roof
πab
A= ( L)
2
π ( 12.75 ) ( 3 )
A= ( 35)
2
A = 2 102.9035 (A5)
(A6)Floor
A = lw
A = (35)(25.5)
A = 892 sq.m (A6)
(A7)Bleachers
A = lw
A = [(13)(5)](2)
A = 130 sq.m
A = (13.5)(4.5)
A = 60.75 sq.m
A = 130 + 60.75
A = 190.75 sq.m (A7)
note: front wall and back wall are identical as well as right wall is identical to the
left wall.
Heat Transfer
Wall & Glass
Heat Transfer Through Walls (Concrete)

A = (A1 + A2)(2) – (A3 + A4)(2)
A = (203 + 207.9829)(2) – (7.5 + 27.71)(2)
A = 751.5458 sq.m
A (t 1 – t 2)
Q=
Rt
751.5458(35 – 22)
Q=
.83568
Q1 = 11 691.192 Watts

Heat Transfer on Glass

From table 4.4 Stoeker Page. 69
Q = U(A3 + A4)(t1 –t2)

Q = (5.9)(7.5 + 27.71)(35 – 22)
Q2 = 2 700.607 Watts
Lighting
Q = Lamp rating(Fu)(Fb)(CLF)
Fu = Utilization Factor
Fb = Ballast Factor
CLF = Cooling Load Factor
Total number of light = 20
Lamp rating = 40 watts
CLF = .93(taken from table 4-6,pg 72, stoecker)
Fb = 1.2 (taken from page 72, stoecker)
Fu = 70% are in use
Q = 40 watts(.70)(1.2)(.93)
Q = 34.18watts/light
Q = (34.18)(total no. of lights)
Q = (34.18)(20)
Q3 = 624.96 Watts
People
Estimated total number of people = 500 people

Heat gain from occupants from pg. 73 Table 4-7 Refrigeration and
Air-conditioning by Stoecker and Jones
Q = 500 (100) (0.86)
Q = 43000 Watts
Q = 0.60(43000)
Q = 25800 Watts
Q = QT- Qs
Q = 43000-25800
Q4= 17200 Watts

Roof
Board and slab,glass fiber, 27.7 | R,m2 k/w, R

organic bond
A 5 (t 1−t 2)
Q=
R
2102(35−22)
Q=
27.7
Q5 = 986 Watts
Flooring
Rt= Rt on walls
A 6(t 1−t 2)
Q=
R
892(35−22)
Q=
.83568
Q5 = 13 876.12483 Watts
Bleachers
Hardwood(maple, oak, etc) 6.31| R,m2 k/w, R
A 7 (t 1−t 2)
Q=
R
190.75(35−22)
Q=
6.31
Q6 = 391.442 Watts
Ventilation
Refer to pg. 62, Table 4-1 Refrigeration and Air Conditioning by Stoecker
Total number of person = 500

Ventilation requirements for every person

For non-smoking = 2.5(500) = 1250 L/s
MD = 01.25 m3/ s
MD = v/v‘
MD = 1.25 / 0.901 m3/kg air
MD = 1.39kg air / s
Qs = (1.39)(1.0062)(35-22)
Qs = 18.18Watts
QL = (1250)( 1.39)(0.0216-0.0098)
QL = 20.85Watts
Q = 18.18 + 20.5
Q7 = 38.68 Watts
Infiltration
Based on pg. 67, Refrigeration and Air-conditioning by Wilbert
Stoecker and Jerold W. Jones.
Sensible Heat Load Due to Infiltration

Qis= 1.23 Q (t0-ti)
Latent Heat Load due to Infiltration

QiL= 3000 Q (W0-Wi)
Where:
Q= Volumetric Flow Rate of Outside Air, L/s
W= Humidity Ratio, Water to Air, kg/kg
Thus, Q= Number of Air Changes; from p. 70
Q= a+b(r)+c(to-ti)
Where:
a= 0.20
b= 0.015 p. 70, Table 4 – 5 for Average Construction c= 0.014

to= 35 kg/kg; From the

0
C Wo= 0.0216 computation
ti= 22
0
C Wi= 0.0098 on ventilation
v= wind velocity
Assume: v= 3.35 m/s
a, b, c= experimentally determined constants
Q = 0.20 + 0.015(3.35) + 0.014 (35 – 22)
Q = 0.43225 L/s ; then substitute in Q is and Qil
QS = 1.23(0.43225) (35 – 22)

QS =6. 911 J/s
QL = 3000(0.43225) (0.0216 – 0.0098)
QL = 15.30 J/s
QT = (Qs + Ql)
Q = (6. 911+ 15.30)
Q8 = 22.211 Watts
Total Computation of Heat Loads

Particulars Sensible Heat Latent Heat Total
Wall 11 691.192 Watts 11 691.192 Watts
Glass 2 700.607 Watts 2 700.607 Watts
Light 624.96 Watts 624.96 Watts
People 17 200 Watts 25 800 Watts 43 000 Watts
Roof 986 Watts 986 Watts
Flooring 13 876.125 Watts 13 876.125 Watts
Bleachers 391.442 Watts 391.442 Watts
Ventilation 18.18 Watts 20.85 Watts 38.68 Watts
Infiltration 6.911 Watts 15.30 Watts 22.211 Watts

OutdoorTotal
Air Intake 2.54
47 495.417 m/s
Watts 25 826.15500 FPM 73 331.567 Watts
Watts
Filters 1.524 m/s 300 FPM
Heating Coils 2.54 m/s 500 FPM
Cooling Coils 2.54 m/s 500 FPM
Air Washers 2.54 m/s 500 FPM
Fan Outlets 6.10-6.602 1200-1300 FPM
Main Duct 5.10-6.602 1000-1300 FPM
Branch Ducts (Return Ducts) 6.10-6.602 600-900FPM
Branch Riser 3.05-3.56 600-1300FPM
Design Computation of Duct System

Recommended velocities by ASHRAE p. 378
For School, Theaters and Public Buildings

A. Supply Duct:
Required: Size of the Ducting system and the total friction losses.
Compute the CFM of the Complex

V=Ms/Vs = CFM
Where: Ms=Qs/Cp( T) ; T= (Ts – Troom)
Cp= 1.0062Kj/Kg ᵒC
For Qs= since this is centralized air conditioning design, Q s maybe solved
by dividing Qt of the building.
For Vs= from psychrometric chart, p. 118: Mechanical Engineering Tables

and Charts (SI Units) second edition.
T=
22ᵒC T=35ᵒC
From Ms = V/ Vs
Where:
Ms=(Qs/room)/ Cp
T= (35-22)
Ducting Computation of Duct System

Duct Dimensions width

Velocity on duct, V main
V main Branch
V branch
Volume Flowrate, Q main
4x Height
6.5 m/s
4.5 m/s
2.5 m/s
Q, main Branch
2m3/s
Q branch
1m3/s
A. DETERMINATION OF DUCT SIZE
For Main Duct
A= Q/V
Where:
A = cross sectional area
A = (W)(H)
And W= .789/H
But,
W=4/H
Therefore:
4H= 0.789/H
H = √0.716/4
W = 4 (0.439)
W =1.75 m
Therefore:

Main duct dimension

A=HxW
A =439 mm x 1750mm
For Main Branch
A= Q/V
Where:
A= cross sectional area
3
Q= 2m / s
V= 4.5 m/s
Therefore:
A = 2/4.5
A =.444m2
Also
A= WH
W= .444/H
But;
W=4H
H = √.444/4
H = 0.333
Also
W = 4 (.166)
W =1.332
Therefore:
Duct size or dimensions
A = HxW
A =333mm x 1332mm
For Branch Duct
A= Q/V
Where:
A= Cross sectional Area
3
Q= Volume flow rates = 1 m /s
V= Air Velocity

Therefore:
A = 1/2.5
A =0.4
Also:
A = W/H
W =A/H
W =0.4/H
But;
W= 4H
H = √0.4/4
H =0.316
Also:
W = 4(0.316)
W =1.264
Therefore:
Duct size or Dimension
A=HxW
A = 316 mm x 1264 mm
Determination of Pressure Drop from Sudden Contraction

Ducting Length:
A= 2.5m K =4. 5m
B =9m L = 4.5m
C=9m M =6.25m
D= 6.25m O = 9m
E= 4.5m P =2.5m
F = 4.5m
G=6.25m

H = 9m
I = 9m
J = 6.25m
Fitting data: Elbow, inner, and outer radii ratio = 0.20
For Main Duct (A,D,G,J,M,P)
Q= 5m3/s A = (0.439)(1.750)
Stoecker page 108, equation (6-8)
Deq-f = 1.30(ab)0.625/(a+b)0.25
Deq-f = 1.30((0.439)(1.750))0.625/((0.439+1.750))0.25
Deq-f = 0.90 m
At figure 6-2 stoecker = 0.90 m , Q= 5m3/s
P/L = 0.81 Pa/m
La= Lp = 2.5m
P= 0.81 Pa/m ( 2.5 m)
P= 2.025 Pa x 2 = 4.05 Pa
Ld+ Ld+ Ld+ Ld = 6.5m
P= 0.81 Pa/m ( 6.5 m)
P= 5.256 Pa x 4 = 21.06 Pa
For Main Branch (B,C,H,I,Q,O)
Q= 2m3/s A = (0.333)(1.332)
Deq-f = 1.30(ab)0.625/(a+b)0.25
Deq-f = 1.30((0.333)(1.332))0.625/((0.333)(1.332))0.25
Deq-f = 0.69 m

P/L = 0.5 Pa/m
Lb= Lc = Lh= Li= Lq= L0 = 9m
P= 0.5 Pa/m ( 9 m)
P= 4.5 Pa x 6 = 27 Pa
For Sub Branch (E,F,K,L,R)
Q= 1m3/s A = (0.316)(1.265)


Deq-f = 1.30(ab)0.625/(a+b)0.25
Deq-f = 1.30((0.316)(1.265))0.625/((0.316)(1.265))0.25
Deq-f = 0.65 m
P/L = 0.15 Pa/m
Le = Lf = Lk= Ll= Lr= 4.5m
P= 0.15 Pa/m ( 4.5 m)
P= 0.675 Pa x 5 = 3.375 Pa
For Main Branch Take-off ( AB , AC , GH , GI , MO , MQ)
Velocity Ratio = Vsub branch / Vmain branch = 4.5m/s / 6.5 m/s

Velocity Ratio = 0.69
Figure 6-11 Stoecker, page 115 β = 90° ; Ratio = 0.69

P= 2.5Pa x 6
Pmain = 15 Pa
For Sub Branch Takeoff ( DE , DF , JK , JL , PR)
Velocity Ration = Vsub branch / Vmain branch = 2.5m/s / 6.5 m/s

Velocity = 0.38
Figure 6-11 Stoecker, page 115 β = 90° ; Ratio = 0.38

P= 7.3Pa x 5
PSub = 36.5 Pa
Ptotal = 4.05 + 21.06 + 27 + 3.375 + 15 + 36.5
Ptotal = 106.99 Pa
DETERMINATION OF PRESSURE DROP FROM TURNS AND ELBOWS

PLOSS= ( V2/2)2 X ρ (geometric factor) x No. of Elbows

ELBOWS FROM MAIN DUCT TO MAIN BRANCH DUCT

W/H = (1.7/0.423) x ( 1.75 / 0.439)
From figure 6-8, RAC by Stoecker, P113 for W/H= 4 and Ri/Ro= 0.2
Geometric factor = 0.5
Therefore:
Ploss = (6.5/2)2 x 1.2041 x 0.5
Ploss=12.72 x 6
Ploss =76.32 Pa
ELBOWS FROM MAIN DUCT TO SUB BRANCH DUCT

W/H = (1.7/0.423) x ( 1.75 / 0.439)
From figure 6-8, RAC by Stoecker, P113 for W/H= 4 and Ri/Ro= 0.2
Geometric factor = 0.75
Therefore:
Ploss = (2.5/2)2 x 1.2041 x 0.75
Ploss =1.41 x 5
Ploss =7.05Pa
Therefore:
PDT = 76.32 Pa + 7.05Pa

PDT = 83.37 Pa
OVERALL TOTAL PRESSURE LOSS IN THE SYSTEM, (OPLS)

OPLS= PL DUE TO LENGTH + PL DUE TO SUDDEN CONTRACTION + PL
TURNS AND ELBOWS
OPLS= 52.11Pa + 54.88Pa + 83.37Pa
OPLS = 190.36 Pa
FOR THE HEAT LOSS DUE TO PRESSURE DROP , (QS)
Q s= OPLS x VFL

Where:
2
VFL= 5 m /s, as assumed volume flowrate
Therefore:
Qs = 190.36 Pa x 5 m/s
Qs= 951.8 W
The Summary of the Total Cooling Load

Total Heat Load = Total sensible + Total latent heat
Factor of Safety = 73.33KWx 5%(safety of factor)
Factor of Safety = 3.66 Kw
73.33 KW +3.66 KW
Tons of refrigeration =
3.52 KW per TR
Gross Total Heat Load = 21.87TR
Bill of Materials
Air Handling Unit Condensing Unit

Specifications
Weight 1050 Pounds (lbs)
Length 100.5 Inches (In)
Width 32.625 Inches (In)
Height 65.5625 Inches (In)
Hazardous Material No
EPA Cert Required No
Air Flow 16800 m3/h
Blower Motor HP 7 1/2 HP
Blower Motor RPM 1760
Brand Carrier

Certifications AHRI Certified
CFM 10000
CFM Cooling 7500-10000
Circuit Breaker - Max Amps 30
Color Gray
Cycle/Hertz 60
Energy Star Rated Yes
ETL Certified No
ETL Listed Yes
Filter Size (4) 20" x 24" x 2"
Fins per Inch 15
ISO Code MX
Liquid Line Fitting Flare
Liquid Line Size 5/8"
Maximum Fuse Size 30
Metering Device TXV
Minimum Circuit Amps 19
Phase Three
Product Family 40RUA
Refrigerant R-410a
Sound Level (dBA) 96.2

Suction Line Fitting Flare
Suction Line Size 1 3/8"
Tier Gemini
Tonnage 25
Voltage 460 VAC
Suction Line Fitting Flare
Suction Line Size 1 3/8"
Warranty Offered 5 Year Limited Parts
Price: 586,750 Php(1unit only)
For the number of GI sheet needed:
Main Duct
A=HxW
A =439 mm x 1750mm
P = 2H + 2 W
P = 2(0.439) + 2(1.750)
P =4.378m
Number of Gi Sheet = Perimeter of duct x Length /Gi sheet area
N = 4.378m x 32 m/ (2.00m by 0.60m)
N = 116.75 or 117 sheets
Main Branch
A= HxW
A =333mm x 1332mm
P = 2H + 2 W
P = 2(0.333) + 2(1.332)
P =3.33m
Number of Gi Sheet = Perimeter of duct x Length x Gi sheet area

N = 3.33m x 54m /(2.00m by 0.60m)
N =149.85 or 150 sheets

Sub Branch
A=HxW
A = 316 mm x 1264 mm
P = 2H + 2 W
P = 2(0.316) + 2(1.264)
P=3.16
Number of Gi Sheet = Perimeter of duct x Length/ Gi sheet area
N = 3.16m x 22.5m /(2.00m by 0.60m)
N =59.24 or 60 sheets
Total GI sheet needed for Ducting

Total = 117 + 150 + 60
Total = 327 sheets
BILL OF QUANTITY FOR DUCTING

DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT MATERIAL COST
UNIT TOTAL
COST COST
DUCTING LAYOUT
GI SHEETS GAUGE 20
2000 x 600 mm 327 Sheets 1,100 359,700
HANGER ANDSUPPORT
ANGLE BAR
1 ½‖ x 3/16‖ X 20‘ 20 Pcs. 440 8,800
FULL THREAD ROD
½‖ x 10‘ 25 Pcs. 350 8,750
FLAT BAR
3/16‖ x 1‖ x 20‘ 80 Pcs. 160 12,800
EXPANSION BOLT
5/8‖ HOLE 110 Pcs. 25 2,750
NUTS AND WASHERS
12mm 75 Pcs. 2 150
BOLTS AND NUTS
12mm 520 Pcs. 5 2,600
SUB-TOTAL 35,850
Total 395,550

Total Building Cost = Total Price of AC unit + Total Bill of Quantity for Ducting
Total Building Cost = 395,500 + 586750
= 982,300 Php
For Contractor Builder at 10% of Total Building Cost:
=982,300 x 10% = 98,230 Php
TOTAL COST OF PROJECT DESIGN = (total bill of materials + Contractor

Builder + total price of AC unit)
TOTAL COST OF PROJECT DESIGN = 395,500 + 98,230 +586,750

= 1,080,530 Php

SALVAGE VALUE
YEAR YEAR IN DEPRECIATIO DEPRECIATION BOOK

REVERSE N DURING THE VALUE AT
YEAR THE END OF
THE YEAR
1 15 15/120 58,675 528,075 PHP
2 14 14/120 54,763 473,312 PHP
3 13 13/120 50,852 422,460 PHP
4 12 12/120 46,940 375,520 PHP
5 11 11/120 43,028 332,492 PHP
6 10 10/120 39,117 293,375 PHP
7 9 9/120 35,205 258,170 PHP
8 8 8/120 31,293 226,877 PHP
9 7 7/120 27,381 199,496 PHP
10 6 6/120 23,470 176,028 PHP
11 5 5/120 19,558 156,468 PHP
12 4 4/120 15,645 140,823 PHP
13 3 3/120 11,735 129,088 PHP
14 2 2/120 7,823 121,265 PHP
15 1 1/120 3,912 117,350 PHP
15 -20 YEARS USEFUL LIFE
1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9+10+11+12+13+14+15= 120
CO-CL= 568,750-117,350 = 469,400 PHP

Book Value of the AC unit after 15 years = 177,350 PHP
Computation of Operational Cost of the AC Unit
With the Generation Charge rate based on the rate of PENELCO, January 2018 .
Estimated
Power No.
Generation no. of Total Cost
Operating Consumption of
Month Charge hours per Month
Weeks of the AC AC
(PhP/Kwh) turned on (Php)
Unit (KW) Units
per week
January 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
February 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
March 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
April 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
May 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
June 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
July 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
August 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
September 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
October 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
November 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34
December 8.583 8 4 71.9716kW 1 19,774.34

TOTAL COST Php

PER YEAR 237,292.09
Calculation for the Maintenance Cost:
Estimated Maintenance Cost/Year = (35%) (Total Operational Cost per Year)

= (.35) (Php 237,292.09)
Estimated Maintenance Cost/Year = Php83 052.23

Chapter 6
Conclusion, Recommendation & References
Conclusion

As a conclusion, we conclude that centralized air-conditioning system is

suitable in AVC Covered Court. It satisfies the needs of people who will use it.
And, the researcher also conclude that accuracy of the computations are very
important, the computations for the cooling load capacity could affect the
effectiveness of the Air Conditioning design. Central air conditioners are more
efficient than room air conditioners. In addition, they are out of the way, quiet,
and convenient to operate. To save energy and money.
Recommendation
Central air conditioners are more efficient than room air conditioners it is
the best type of air conditioning used in large buildings like a Multi-Purpose
Building. In addition, they are out of the way, quiet, and convenient to operate. To
save energy and money, you should try to buy an energy-efficient air conditioner
and reduce your central air conditioner's energy use. In an average air-
conditioned building, air conditioning consumes more than 2,000 kilowatt-hours
of electricity per year, causing power plants to emit about 3,500 pounds of
carbon dioxide and 31 pounds of sulfur dioxide.
If your air conditioner is installed correctly, or if major installation problems

are found and fixed, it will perform efficiently for years with only minor routine
maintenance. However, many air conditioners are not installed correctly. As an
unfortunate result, modern energy-efficient air conditioners can perform almost
as poorly as older inefficient models.
References

Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, 2nd Edition

W. Stoecker and J. Jones
https://energy.gov/energysaver/central-air-conditioning
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_conditioning
http://www.fsec.ucf.edu/en/consumer/buildings/commercial/hvac.htm
https://www.slideshare.net/NooruleInieOsman/air-conditioning-system
http://www.simplyvav.com/discover/about-vav/
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/0e1d/b6f13b5a7b802ea24f5c9fe2e6345a2358
9 0.pdf
https://www.hvac.com/blog/your-ultimate-guide-to-installing-a-central-air-
conditioner/
http://pdf.archiexpo.com/pdf/carrier-commercial/gemini-select-38aps025-065-
38apd025-130/49317-106267.html#open
PRIME‘s Mechanical Engineering Pocket Reference Manual, RS Capote and JA

Mandawe
The 2001 ASHRAE Fundamentals Handbook, F28, R.Alvine, J.Norman,
https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/central-air-conditioning
https://www.carrierenterprise.com/air-handler-puron-25t-40ruaa28a5a6-0a0a0
https://www.wbdg.org/resources/high-performance-hvac?
fbclid=IwAR2fR26mVTw3M_Xu2rThcvCmLghJoL7M47mNbGm40WiTkZQpJ0VN
Y3HZ2Dc
https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/central-air-conditioning
https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/maintaining-your-air-conditioner

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BATAAN HEROES MEMORIAL COLLEGE

Roman Super Hi-way, Balanga City, Bataan

Proposed 25 TR Packaged Type Centralized Air-

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air-Conditioning System of AVC Covered Court 0| P a g e

This design thesis essentially entails the design of an air-conditioning

This thesis is intended for the residences of Samal, Bataan in learning

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air-Conditioning System of AVC Covered Court 1| P a g e

I greatly thank our Mechanical Engineering Instructor, Engr. Ramon

The sincerest gratitude of the researcher is extended to the ALMIGHTY

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air-Conditioning System of AVC Covered Court 2| P a g e

To: Engr. Ramon Christopher Lucas LPT

In partial fulfilment in ME 5th year subject: Air-Conditioning Design, I

The study contains the design and computation of the air-conditioning.

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air-Conditioning System of AVC Covered Court 3| P a g e

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air-Conditioning System of AVC Covered Court 4| P a g e

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air-Conditioning System of AVC Covered Court 5| P a g e

Air conditioning is the simultaneous control of temperature, humidity,

Due to climate change happening, the temperature in our country is

Design of 25 TR Centralized Air-Conditioning System of AVC Covered Court 6| P a g e

performance of all students. Moreover, bacteria and viruses contributes to

Event centres are constructed to provide safe and comfortable internal

The AVC covered court is a large space building, having the

Statement of the problem

This study will be conducted to come up an installation design for Air-

a. Determine what is the cooling capacity of AVC Covered Court?

b. What is the best price and specification of an air-conditioner for the

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c. What are the benefits of having centralized air-conditioning design

Objective of the study

 To identify the cooling capacity of AVC Covered Court.

 To determine the best price and specification of an air-

 To know the benefits of having air-conditioning design in AV

Significance of the study

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To the future researcher. This study benefits them additional knowledge

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The research paper presents guidelines for evaluation and design of

This axiom implies that houses should be tightly sealed to reduce

The sport hall in Goldbach (Germany), is a typical dual-purpose hall with a

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making the installation of ducting impossible. The operators therefore chose a

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carefully. As a result, it was difficult to provide a comfortable thermal environment

One of the consequences of the worldwide energy crisis in 1970s is the

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elevatedconcentrations of indoor particle pollutants and volatile organic

However, it is exciting that some comfortable and healthy air-conditioning

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• Selection of materials for and design of the build

Carrier lived from 1876-1950. He graduated with a Masters in Engineering

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Air-Conditioning is the process of removing heat from the interior of an

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Air conditioners often use a fan to distribute the conditioned air to an

Variable Air Volume (VAV) describes a method of temperature control and is

a. Supply air stream of constant temperature.

b. Modulation of the amount of air that serves a particular space.

VAV is the most common method employed in commercial/institutional