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    Rational Function and Irrational Function: Lesson

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    Matthew Ray
    1) The document discusses rational and irrational functions, including linear, simple, and standard rational functions as well as the fundamental form of irrational functions. 2) Examples are provided to illustrate solving rational function inequalities and equations, finding vertical and horizontal asymptotes, and changing rational functions to standard form. 3) Exercises are included for the reader to practice solving rational function inequalities, such as finding the domain where an inequality involving two rational functions is satisfied.

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    Rational Function and Irrational Function: Lesson

    Uploaded by

    Matthew Ray
    36 views15 pages
    1) The document discusses rational and irrational functions, including linear, simple, and standard rational functions as well as the fundamental form of irrational functions. 2) Examples are provided to illustrate solving rational function inequalities and equations, finding vertical and horizontal asymptotes, and changing rational functions to standard form. 3) Exercises are included for the reader to practice solving rational function inequalities, such as finding the domain where an inequality involving two rational functions is satisfied.

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    Course1-Lesson09

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    1) The document discusses rational and irrational functions, including linear, simple, and standard rational functions as well as the fundamental form of irrational functions. 2) Examples are provided to illustrate solving rational function inequalities and equations, finding vertical and horizontal asymptotes, and changing rational functions to standard form. 3) Exercises are included for the reader to practice solving rational function inequalities, such as finding the domain where an inequality involving two rational functions is satisfied.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    36 views15 pages

    Rational Function and Irrational Function: Lesson

    Uploaded by

    Matthew Ray
    1) The document discusses rational and irrational functions, including linear, simple, and standard rational functions as well as the fundamental form of irrational functions. 2) Examples are provided to illustrate solving rational function inequalities and equations, finding vertical and horizontal asymptotes, and changing rational functions to standard form. 3) Exercises are included for the reader to practice solving rational function inequalities, such as finding the domain where an inequality involving two rational functions is satisfied.

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    of 15

    Course I

    Lesson ９
    Rational Function and
    Irrational Function

    9A
    •  Linear Rational Function
    •  Simple Rational Function
    •  Standard Form
    •  Inequality 1
    Linear Rational Function
    Rational Function
    g ( x)
    y=
    h( x )
    where g ( x) and h( x) are polynomials

    Linear Rational Function


    ax + b
    y= (ad − bc ≠ 0, c ≠ 0)
    cx + d
    In the case of ad − bc = 0
    a b ckx + dk
    ∴ = (≡ k ), ∴ a = ck , b = dk , ∴ y = =k : Constant
    c d cx + d
    In the case of c = 0
    a b
    y = x+ : Linear function 2
    d d
    Function y =k/x
    The Simplest Rational Function
    k
    y= •  Two variables are inversely proportional.
    x

    •  The horizontal asymptote is x = 0 / the vertical asymptote is y = 0.


    •  The graph is an equilateral hyperbola.

    k >0 y k <0 y
    k - k asymptote

    -1 1
    O 1 x -1 O x

    - k k
    3
    Function y = (ax + b) /(cx + d )

    Change to the standard form y


    p
    ax + b
    y=
    cx + d q
    y=q
    k
    y= +q q
    x− p
    O p x
    x= p

    •  The vertical asymptote is x = p


    the horizontal asymptote is y = q .

    •  The domain is x ≠ p ; the range is y ≠ q.


    4
    Example
    3x − 6
    Example 1. Illustate the rational function y = , following each steps.
    x −1
    (1) [Step 1] Convert the function to the standard form.
    (2) [Step 2] Find the horizontal and vertical asymptotes.
    (3) [Step 3] Find the x-intercept and y-intercept.
    (4) [Step 4] Illustrate the graph.
    Ans.
    y
    (1) By rearranging, it becomes
    3x − 3 − 3 3
    y= = 3− 6
    x −1 x −1
    (2) The horizontal asymptote is y = 3
    The vertical asymptote is x = 1 3
    (3) By putting y = 0 , the x-intercept is x = 2
    By putting x = 0 , the y-intercept is y = 6 O 2 x

    (4) See the right figure 5


    Inequality
    Example 2. Solve the following inequality 3x − 6
    ≥ −x + 6
    x −1

    Ans.
    We utilize the result of Example 1.
    3x − 6 y
    The cross points of y = and
    y = − x + 6 are x −1
    6
    3x − 6
    = − x + 6 ∴ 3x − 6 = ( x − 1)(− x + 6)
    x −1 3
    ∴ x( x − 4) = 0 ∴ x = 0, x = 4
    2

    From the figure and the cross points.


    O 1 2 4 6 x
    we have 0 ≤ x < 1, 4 ≤ x

    6
    Exercise
    Exercise 1. Solve the inequality x +1
    > x +1
    x −1

    Ans.

    Pause the video and solve the problem.

    7
    Answer to the Exercise
    Exercise 1. Solve the inequality x +1
    > x +1
    x −1
    Ans. x +1 2
    •  We consider two functions y= = + 1 and y = x +1
    x −1 x −1
    •  The horizontal asymptote and vertical asymptote
    of the former are y = 1 and x = 1 ,
    y
    respectively.

    ･The x- and y-intercepts of the former are 3


    x = −1 and y = −1, respectively.
    2
    •  The x- and the y-intercepts of the latter are 1
    x = −1 and y = 1 , respectively. -1
    •  The cross-points are O 1 2 x
    x +1 -1
    = x + 1 ∴ ( x + 1)( x − 2) = 0 ∴ x = −1, 2
    x −1
    ･From the figure, the solution is
    x < −1, 1 < x < 2 8
    Course I

    Lesson 9
    Exponential Functions 　

    9B
    •  Irrational Functions
    •  Standard Form
    •  Inequality
    9
    Irrational Function
    Irrational Function
    •  There is no rigorous definition of irrational function.
    •  We can say that irrational function is the one that cannot be written as
    the quotient of two polynomials (but this definition is not used.).
    •  Customary, a function which include variables in the root is called
    an irrational function.
    y
    Example 2
    y= x
    1
    y y2 = x
    2 2O 1 x

    1 - 2y 1
    O O x
    1 x - 1
    - 1
    - 2 y=− x
    - 2
    10
    Function y = ax
    Fundamental Form
    y = ax
    a<0 a>0
    y y

    √- a √a

    - 1O x O x
    1

    Domain x≤0 Domain x ≥ 0


    Range y≥0 Range y ≥ 0

    11
    Function y = ax + b + q

    Change to the standard form


    y = ax + b + q

    y = a( x − p) + q y y = a( x − p) + q
    Range
    y≥q
    q y = ax

    That wasn’t so hard!


    O pp Domain x≥ p x
    12
    Equation and Inequality
    Example 3. Answer the following questions
    (1) Illustrate the graphs of the functions y = 2 − x and y = − x + 2
    (2) Solve the equation 2 − x = −x + 2
    (3) Solve the inequality 2 − x ≥ −x + 2

    Ans. y 0≤ x≤2
    (1) See the right figure
    root
    (2) 2 − x = −x + 2 ∴ 2 − x = − x + 2 ( )
    2 √2

    ∴ x( x − 2 2 + 1) = 0 ∴ x = 0, 2 2 − 1
    From the figure, the root is only x = 0 - 1 O 2 x
    1 √2
    (3) From (1) and (2), we have 0≤ x≤2
    extraneous
    [Note] We must check that the obtained roots - √2 root
    really satisfy the equation. 13
    Exercise
    Exercise 2. Solve the inequality x+2 > x
    Ans.

    Pause the video and solve the problem.

    14
    Answer to the Exercise
    Exercise 2. Solve the inequality x+2 > x
    Ans.
    •  We consider two functions y = x + 2 and y = x

    •  The x- and the y-intercepts of the former


    are x = −2 and y = 2 , respectively.
    y y=x
    •  The cross-points of these functions are 2 y = x+2
    x + 2 = x ∴ x + 2 = x2
    - 1
    ∴ ( x + 1)( x − 2) = 0 ∴ x = −1, x = 2 - 2 O 2 x
    - 1
    Only x = 2 satisfies this condition.

    •  From the figure, the solution is y =− x+2


    −2≤ x<2
    (Note the boundaries.) 15

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