PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
PURPOSIVE
COMMUNICATION
MODULE 3 INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
INTRODUCTION
Communication examines the basic elements of interpersonal communication and culture as the two relate to
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one another. Emphasis is given to the influence of culture on the interpretation of the communication act
and to the communication skills that enhances cross-cultural communication. Communication requires the
ability to understand language, but just think about how much of your communication with even you friends
is nonverbal: our body language, our attitude, the rituals from hand-shaking to the stink eye. Some researchers
estimate that up to 93% of all human communication is nonverbal, although according to recent studies, it is
actually closer to 60%.
It provides several commonly accepted academic and applied definitions to clarify this concept and process.
The term ―intercultural communication‖ , represent broad ideas that are difficult to express in just one way.
Thus, we present several working definitions as starting points for exploring this topic.
Intercultural communication refers to the communication between people from two different cultures. (Chen
& Starosta, 1998:28). It is a symbolic, interpretive, transactional, contextual process, in which people create
shared meanings. (Lustig & Koester, 2007:46). It also refers to the effects on communication behavior, when
different cultures interact together. Hence, one way of viewing intercultural communication is as
communication that unfolds in symbolic intercultural spaces. (Arasaratnam, 2013:48).
Intercultural communication is the verbal and nonverbal interaction between people from different cultural
backgrounds. Basically, ―inter-‖ is a prefix that means ―between‖ and ―cultural‖ means from a culture, so
intercultural communication is the communication between cultures. Sometimes this is used to describe a
single person trying to interact in a foreign environment but more often, it is a two-way street, where people
from both cultures are trying to improve their communication. It is important to understand intercultural
communication because it allows us for positive and productive interaction. Intercultural communication
refers to the effective communication between people/ workers/ clients of different cultural background. It
also includes managing thought patterns and nonverbal communication.
Still, that means that more than half of communication is never spoken. So, intercultural communication is
going to take a lot more than just learning a language. It describes the wide range of communication
processes and problems that naturally appears within an organization or social context made up of individuals
from different religious, social, ethnic, and educational backgrounds. It this sense it seeks to understand how
people from different countries and cultures act, communicate and perceived the world around them.
Intercultural communication plays a role in social sciences such as anthropology, cultural studies, linguistics,
psychology and communication studies. It also referred to as the base of international businesses. Several
cross-cultural services providers assist with the development of intercultural communication skills, in a way
the ―interaction with speakers of other languages of equal terms and respecting their identities‖ .
Identity and culture are also studies within the discipline of communication to analyze how globalization
influences ways of thinking, beliefs, values, and identity, within and between cultural environments. Language
is an important example of a cultural component that is linked to intercultural understanding.
Module Objectives:
Define and identify elements of interpersonal communication, culture, cultural
systems and global communication;
Explain how cultural and global issues affect communication;
Present ideas on the impact of communication on society and the world;
Compare and contrast cultures‘ values, beliefs, perceptions, and communication
styles;
Recognize negative perception: racism, prejudice, negative stereotyping,
ethnocentrism;
Recognize and identify co-cultures;
Analyze intercultural interactions and evaluate situations using intercultural
communication skills;
Understand cultural and global flow of information.
THE PAULINIAN ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS
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ETHICAL, PAULINIAN LEADERS & PROFESSIONALS,
who:
1.1 Consistently adhere to ethico-moral standards of decision making and behavior
in their personal, professional and organizational affairs;
1.2 Declare, affirm, and manifest the values and principles of honesty, transparency,
responsibility, accountability, and fairness in their professional lives and
endeavor;
1.3 Articulate, advocate, and exhibit Paulinian ideals and values in their private and
professional lives nurtured by prayer and deep relationship with God; and
1.4 Speak out and take action to expose and redress violations of social and
professional norms and principles whatever the consequences may be.
AFFIRMATION
“As a Christ-centered Paulinian, I am a Reliable, Productive EXPERT and
IMPLEMENTER, competently pursuing my mission in l
TOPIC 1
COMMUNICATION AND GLOBALIZATION
Image 1. Source: https://bit.ly/2MOGuGo
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
During the learning engagements, the learners are able to:
1. define and identify elements of interpersonal communication, culture, cultural systems and global
communication;
2. explain how cultural and global issues affect communication; and
3. present ideas on the impact of communication on society and the world.
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As technology advances, the world is getting smaller. Today we are able to communicate with people across
the globe at the touch of a button. While globalization, or communication between nations beyond their
borders, is an old concept, with the onset of new technology globalization is affecting the ways we
communicate and learn in fascinating ways. We are expanding our understanding of fellowship and as we
become more connected, we are deepening our educational experiences. The rise in the use of the internet in
particular has been incredibly instrumental in improving the ways in which we connect with one another.
Because of technologies like the internet, we have the opportunity to view diverse perspectives that overlooks
outside of our scope before. We are able to fully connect with someone who is thousands of miles away in
real time and the effects are profound.
The Effects of Globalization on Global Communication
Increased Business Opportunities
Many companies today hire employees that are located in other countries. Using communication vehicles
such as video calling make it simple to converse with colleagues across the globe, almost making it feel as if
they are in the same room. Technology also makes it easier to connect with suppliers and customers all over
the world, and to streamline relationship through improved ordering, shipment tracking and so on. With this
kind of communication technology, many businesses are able to take advantage of opportunities in different
countries or cities, improving the economic outlook on a global level.
Fewer Cultural Barriers
Many people perceive culture to be the root of communication challenges. When people from two different
cultures try to exchange information, the way they speak, their body language or their mannerisms can be
interpreted differently by the other person. The way people approach problems and how they participate in
communities is all influenced by culture.
Globalization has made it possible, for example, for someone in Japan to understand how someone in the
U.S. goes about their day. With television and movies, cultural barriers are becoming less prevalent. Being
able to communicate effectively and frequently with colleagues or friends across the planet helps people
understand each other‘s cultures a little better.
Creation of a Global Village
You‘ve likely heard of the phrase "global village," coined by theorist Marshall McLuhan. Affected both by
globalization and global communication, the global village is created when distance and isolation no longer
matter because people are connected by technology. Wide-spread telephone and internet access have been
life-changing for many people across the world, especially those in developing countries. Many are now
enrolling in universities across the world without having to leave their desk chair. Virtual assistant jobs are
becoming commonplace, where employees from developing countries work with companies in North
America or Europe, providing administrative support and other business services that can easily be conducted
over the phone or via the internet
EYE CONTACT:
-North Americans view direct eye contact as a sign of honesty
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-Asians view direct eye contact as a form of disrespect
Why do we need to study this?
The transmission of the message from sender to recipient can be affected by a lot of factors. These include
cultural situation, the medium used to communicate, and even our location. However, because of
globalization, communication goes well and easy. These topics made the students aware of the following:
Globalization and global communication have made it easier to see people on the other side of the
world as a neighbor, instead of a stranger from a faraway land. There is so much knowledge about
other countries and cultures available online that it‘s no longer a complete mystery.
Some effects of globalization to global communication are having or increased business
opportunities, fewer cultural barriers as well as creating a global village or making the world or the
community connected with the use of technology.
Key Terms:
Globalization-the process of interaction and integration among people, companies and
governments worldwide.
Global village-refer to the world emphasize that all the different parts of the world form one
community linked together by electronic communications, especially the internet.
Cultural barriers- when people of different cultures are unable to understand each others‘ customs,
resulting in inconveniences and difficulties.
TEST YOURSELF!
Choose the best answer on the provide questions:
1. In global village, people are no longer distant and isolated because they are being connected by what?
A. Transportation C. Technology
B. Family gatherings D. Communication
2. How does globalization contributes to cultural, economic, and political partnerships uplifting the
economic stability of a particular country?
A. By giving global awareness on how to boost their economy
B. Global market, foreign investment and cultural management can be done.
C. Through assisting one‘s political advocacy.
D. None of the above.
TOPIC 2
LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION IN MULTICULTURAL
SETTING
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
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During the learning engagements, the learners are able to:
1. demonstrate an awareness of the reality of cultural diversity through identification of known dialects
and languages; and
2. explain how cultural diversity affects effective communications.
Multiculturalism refers to the presence of people with several cultures in a specific setting. It is the co-
existence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, or cultural groups and is manifested in
customary behaviors, cultural assumptions and values, patterns of thinking, and communicative styles.
Image 2. Source: https://bit.ly/369vcUE
The world today is characterized by ever growing compacts resulting in communication between people with
different linguistic and cultural background.
One of the most common forms of global communication is an email. A person in one country types a
message and clicks the send button. The message is then encoded into packets which are sent across the
internet to the recipient. In another country, the receiver logs in and decodes the message by opening the
email, and retrieves the message.
Global communication becomes more complicated when there are multiple recipients from different cultures
with different languages all receiving the same message, as well as when there are more layers added to the
channel. For example, if a world leader makes a speech broadcast across the globe, people from one region
may rejoice at the news, while others may find it offensive. In this case, the channel itself can involve many
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different layers, as translators, news, editors and commentators each interpret the
message differently before passing it on to the intended audiences.
LOCAL AND GLOBAL COMMUNICATION
It is the way on how we communicate to other. By using our own languages and an English language, we
can make a conversation locally or globally. The main purpose of this is to have an idea on how can we apply
what we learned from them for ourselves and for our community. It can also be the way for our country to
have sufficient knowledge to make it more outstanding.
Local communication means data transferred directly from the gateway to bluz DK,
without going through the Particle cloud. Local communication can be used for a lot
of tasks that don't require the cloud.
Multicultural education refers to any form of education or teaching that incorporates
the histories, texts, values, beliefs, and perspectives of people from different cultural
backgrounds
The study of global communication is an interdisciplinary field focusing on global
communication, or the ways that people connect, share, relate and mobilize across
geographic, political, economic, social and cultural divides.
COMMUNICATING ACROSS CULTURES
Communicating across cultures is challenging. Each culture has set rules that its
members take for granted. Few of us are aware of our own cultural biases because
cultural imprinting is begun at a very early age. And while some of culture‘s knowledge,
rules, beliefs, values, phobias, and anxieties are taught explicitly, most of the information
is absorbed subconsciously.
The challenge for multinational communication has never been greater. Worldwide
business organizations have discovered that intercultural communication is a subject
importance not just because of increased globalization, but also because their domestic
workforce is growing more and more diverse.
Intercultural communication
- is a discipline that studies communication across different cultures and social
groups, or how culture affects communication. It describes the wide range of
communication processes and problems that naturally appear within an organization or
social context made up of individuals from different religious, social, ethnic, and
educational backgrounds. In this sense it seeks to understand how people from different
countries and cultures act, communicate and perceive the world around them.
CULTURES
CO- CULTURES
-A culture is the system of knowledge, beliefs,
values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that are - Within a culture as a whole are co-cultures,
acquired shared, and used by its members during these are composed of members of the same
daily living. general culture who differ in some ethnic or
sociological way from the parent culture.
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Table 2. Cultures and Co-Cultures
BARRIERS TO LOCAL AND GLOBAL
COMMUNICATION IN
MULTICULTURAL SETTINGS
Some of the barriers to effective communication are language, medium of
communication, personality and culture. Culture became barrier to an effective
communication when a person has different language bearing, and they have different
interpretation to such words.
What is the difference between multicultural and cross-cultural or Intercultural?
While they all might be under the same roof, they describe entirely different rooms. The
differences in the meanings have to do with the perspectives we take when interacting
with people from other cultures.
Multicultural refers to a society that contains several cultural or ethnic groups. People
live alongside one another, but each cultural group does not necessarily have engaging
interactions with each other. For example, in a multicultural neighborhood people may
frequent ethnic grocery stores and restaurants without really interacting with their
neighbors from other countries.
Cross-cultural (Intercultural) refers to the comparison of different cultures. In cross-
cultural communication, differences are understood and acknowledged, and can bring
about individual change, but not collective transformations. In cross-cultural societies,
one culture is often considered ―the norm‖ and all other cultures are compared or
contrasted.
SYNTHESIS
Global communication becomes more complicated when there are multiple
recipients from different cultures with different languages all receiving the same
message, as well as when there are more layers added to the channel.
Local communication means data transferred directly from the gateway to
bluz DK, without going through the Particle cloud. Local communication can
be used for a lot of tasks that don't require the cloud.
Local and global communication in multicultural settings help me realize that
miscommunication is essential to enhance our ability to communicate and
effectively accept and embrace across country cultures. And it made me realize
also the importance of cross-culture in globalization business opportunities, job
opportunities, sharing of views and ideas, talent improvisation and
understanding of diverse market.
To enhance our ability to communicate and effectively accept and embrace across country
cultures;
To make realize the importance of cross-culture in globalization business
opportunities, job opportunities, sharing of views and ideas, talent
improvisation and understanding of communication.
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PURPOSIVE COMMU ICATIO
/ TEST YOURSELF!
Part 1
1. Within a culture as a whole are co-cultures, these are composed of members of
the same general culture who differ in some ethnic or sociological way from the
parent culture.
a. A. Cultures B. Local C. Global communication D. None of these
2. It is the way on how we communicate to other. By using our own languages and
an English language, we can make a conversation locally or globally. The main
purpose of this is to have an idea on how can we apply what we learned from
them for ourselves and for our community.
A. Local and global communication in multicultural setting B intercultural
communication
C. Multicultural D. Co-cultural
3. Refers to a society that contains several cultural or ethnic groups?
A. Cross cultural B. global communication C. Multicultural D. None of these
4. Refers to the presence of people with several cultures in a specific setting. It is
the co-existence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, or
cultural groups and is manifested in customary behaviors, cultural assumptions
and values, patterns of thinking, and communicative styles?
a. A. Cultural B. Multiculturalism C. Intercultural D. Co-cultural
Part 2
The world today is characterized by ever growing compacts resulting of what?
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