III Semester SPECTROS PDF

D.K.M.
COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS), VELLORE-1

III Semester
UNIT-I SPECTROSCOPY
Electronic, Vibrational & Rotational Spectroscopy
Section-A (6 marks)
1. Bring out the significance of Finger print region.
2.How is IR spectroscopy useful in distinguishing between intermolecular and
intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
3. Explain the principle and applications of microwave spectroscopy.
4. Explain the principle, instrumentation and application of IR spectroscopy
5. Estimate the λmax for the compound shown:
6. Which molecule absorbs at the longest wavelength?

i.
ii.
7. Express the wavenumber value of 3000 cm-1 in terms of wavelength (in

meter units) frequency (in Hz), and associated energy (in kJ/mol).
8. Explain how you could use the C-C and C-H stretching frequencies in IR
spectra to distinguish between four constitutional isomers: 1,2-
dimethylcyclohexene, 1,3-octadiene, 3-octyne, and 1-octyne.
9. List actual frequencies for each signal to the nearest cm-1 unit
a) 1-methylcyclohexanol
b) 4-methylcyclohexene
c) 1-hexyne
d) 2-hexyne
e) 3-hexyne-2,5-diol
10. Which of the following molecules would you expect absorb at a longer
wavelength in the UV region of the electromagnetic spectrum?
11. Explain how you could use IR spectroscopy to distinguish between

compounds I, II, and III.
12. Which would be more useful in distinguishing the two compounds shown
below: IR or UV spectroscopy? Explain.
13. Explain about solvent effect.
Section-B (15 marks)

1. a) Discuss the various factors of that affect the position and intensity of
UV absorption bands.
b)How are the following distinguish by IR spectrum.
Nitrophenol and P-nitrophenol.
Methyl benzoate and phenyl acetate.
Cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone.
2. a)Explain how Woodward rules are used in the calculation of of dienes.
b)Define the following terms with examples.
Chromophore
Auxochrome
c)Explain Frank Condon principle.
3. a. Explain the Factors Influencing Vibrational Frequencies.
b. Given that the C–H stretching vibration for chloroform occurs at 3000
cm−1, calculate the C–D stretching frequency for deuterochloroform. The
relevant atomic masses are 1H = 1.674 × 10−27 kg, 2H = 3.345 × 10−27 kg
and 12C = 1.993 × 10−27 kg.
4. a. What is Overtone and Combination Bands?
b. Explain about Fermi Resonance and Group Frequencies.
5. Explain about rigid rotor and non-rigid rotor.
6. Explain about simple harmonic oscillator and unharmonic oscillator.
7. Explain about the principle and types of transition present in electronic
spectroscopy.
8. a. Calculate the relative populations of rotational and vibrational energy
levels.
b. Distinguish between the energy levels of a rigid and a non rigid rotor.
c. Outline the selection rules for rotational and vibrational spectra and
rationalize the role of the molecular dipole moment in the selection rules.
9. a. Calculate the value of I and r of CO. B = 1.92118 cm-1.
b. Which of the following molecule exhibit rotational and/or vibrational
spectra/(or microwave and infrared active)?
H2, HF, CO2, OCS, CS2, I2, NH3, CH4, and benzene.
10. a. For HCl, B = 10.593 cm-1 and the centrifugal distortion constant D =
0.00053 cm-1. Calculate the first four rotational levels. Calculate the
force constant for HCl from the value of D.
b. Derive the formula ΔErot = EJ+1-EJ = 2B(J+1) – 4D(J+1)2 from the
formula for EJ+1 and EJ
11. Explain the microwave spectrum of rigid diatomic molecules. What is
non-rigid rotor? How did its spectrum differs when compared to rigid
rotor.
12. a. The B rotational constant of a phosphorus pentafluoride, PF5,
molecule is 3.566 Hz. Calculate the lengths of the equatorial P-F bonds.
b. Which of the following molecules exhibit pure rotational (microwave)

spectra?
HF, NH3, CH4, CH3F, BF3, H2O, C2F2H2, O3, CO2, toluene, Argon---
HCl
c. Classify the following molecules as spherical, symmetric or asymmetric
tops, and state which will give pure rotational spectra. For the symmetric
tops, sketch the principal axes and indicate the unique axis. SF6, BrF5,
NH3, NO2, CS2, CH2, N2O, CF3I, BH3, BeH2, SO2, C6H6, XeF6, IF7
UNIT-II Raman & 1H- NMR spectra
Section-A (6 marks)
1. A compound is found to have molecular formula C9H10O2. The IR

spectrum shows intense bands at 1740 cm-1 and 1220 cm-1. The PMR
spectrum shows a five proton singlet at tau-2.8, a three proton singlet at
tau-8.04 and a two proton singlet at tau-5.0. Suggest the suitable
structure for the compound whose m/z=150.
2. A compound is found to have molecular formula C3H8O. The IR spectrum

shows intense bands at 3400 cm-1. The PMR spectrum shows a upfield
doublet at δ-1.2 (6H) and δ-3.8 (septet, 1H) and δ-4.(S, 1H). What is the
structure of the compound?.
3. Explain in detail about the pure rotational raman spectra of diatomic

and symmetric top molecules.
4. Enumerate in detail about the vibrational raman spectra of diatomic

molecules
5. Discuss in detail about the structural applications of raman

spectroscopy
6. What are stokes and antistokes lines ?. Among these two lines which line
is more intense. Account for it.
7. (a) State and explain Mutual exclusion principle (2).
(b)Discuss in detail about the principles of NMR (4).
8. An organic compound of molecular formula C10 H12 O2 gives the

following proton NMR signals δ-1.0 (t, 3H), 3.4 (s, 2H), 3.8 (q, 2H), 7.0 (s,
5H) and mass spectral peaks at m/z=164, 119, 91, 65.Arrive at the
correct structure of the compound and show the mass spectral
fragmentation pattern.
9. Explain double resonance in NMR and the applications of the same .
Section-B (15 marks)
10. (a) Discuss in detail about the various factors which affect the chemical
shift (7)
(b)Explain in detail about the advantages of FT-NMR over CWNMR (4)
(c) Give a brief account on spin-spin coupling (4)
11. Describe in detail about AX and AMX coupling phenomenon (15).
12. Write short note on
(i) Chemical Exchange
(ii) Nuclear Overhauser effect
13. Predict the 1H nmr spectrum of the following compounds
CH3CH2Cl (ii) CH3CHO (iii) H3C-CH(OH)-CH3 (iv) C6H5CH2OH (v)

Mesitylene
14. Describe in detail about CWNMR and FTNMR techniques.
15. (a) Explain in detail about the various types of coupling (8)
(b) Explain the origin of chemical shift in nmr spectra. Explain the
factors influencing chemical shifts(7).
15. (a) Identify the structure of the organic compound having C9H11NO2 as
the molecular formula and the following spectroscopic data (7)
IR (Nujol) : 1720 cm-1

1H-NMR (CDCl3): 7.9 (d, 2H, J=8Hz), 6.8 (d, 2H, J=8 Hz); 4.3 (q, 2H,
J=7.1 Hz); 4.0 (broad, s , 2H, D2Oexchangeable), 1.2 (t, 3H, J=7.1Hz)
ppm
(b) How would you distinguish between 1 chloropropane and 2-

chloropropane by proton NMR(8).
16. (a) A compound of the molecular formula C9H17Br exhibhited the

following NMR signals : δ=2.15 (quintet, 2H), 2.75 (t, 2H), 3.38 (t, 2H) and
7.22 (s, 5H). Identify the structure of the compound (5)
(b) Assign the structure and justify your answer for the compound
C9H10O2 with the following spectral data
UV: λ max : 271nm; IR: ν=1680 cm-1
1H NMR: δ-7.7 (d, J=8Hz, 2H), 6.8 (d, J=8Hz, 2H), 3.9 (s, 3H), 2.4 (s, 3H)
EIMS: m/z: 150, 135, 107, 43.
17. (a) Enumerate the applications of chemical shift in NMR.(5)
(b) Illustrate and explain the NMR spectral pattern expected for AX and
AMX type molecule (10)
18. (a) Sketch the qualitative proton NMR spectrum expected for
(CH3CH2)2O (5).
(b) Explain the principle of Fourier transform resonance spec (5).
(c)How will you distinguish the following pair using proton NMR (2)
(i) cis and trans 1,2 dichloroethene
(d) Three isomeric dimethyl cyclopropanes give respectively 2, 3, 4 signals

in their proton NMR spectrum. Identify their structure and explain the
origin of the signals 93).
UNIT-III NMR Spectra –13C 31P and 19F and NQR Spectra
SECTION-A (6 marks)
1. Explain spin spin coupling in proton NMR .What do you understand by

off reseonance decoupling?
2. Give a brief account on NMR shift reagents
3. Explain in detail about the principle of NQR spectroscopy
4. Discuss in detail about the various factors which affect C13 chemical
shift.
5. (a) How will you distinguish ortho xylene and para xylene using C13 nmr
spectroscopy? (2)
(b) Discuss in detail about the term “off resonanace decoupling” (4)
6. Sketch the P31 nmr spectrum of HPF2 assuming JP-H > JP-F and JP-F > JP-H
7. (a) Explain how 31P NMR spectra can distinguish hypophosporous acid
from phosphorous acid(3)
(b)How is the ionic character of the covalent bond estimated from NQR
measurements? (3)
8. The 19F NMR spectrum for TiF4 in donor so;lvents at -30°C showed two
triplets of equal intensity. But at 0°C only a single peak is obtained.
Explain (6)
9. Illustrate with three different examples the use of 31P NMR in the
structural elucidation of some simple phosphorous compounds.
SECTION-B (15 Marks)

10. (a) How does phosphorous acid differ from hypophosphorous acid in its
NMR spectrum?(4)
(b) NF3 shows a sharp 19 F resonance at -205°C while a sharp triplet at

room temperature .Account for it.(4)
(c) How is the spectral width of an NMR signal dependent on the

relaxation time?(4)
(d) 11 B NMR spectrum is a nonet And its proton NMR is a decet for B3H8
anion. Propose a structure and account for the above observation(3).
11. (a) Explain the NQR spec of BrCN, KI3, Sn, Pt and Se compounds (7)
(b) Construct the 31P NMR resonance signals expected for HP2O53- anion
if JP-P> J P-H (8).
12. (a) The 31P NMR spectrum of P4S3 consists of two peaks with intensity
ratio of three to one. The more intense peak is a doublet and the other
a quadruplet. Interpret with the structure (5).
(b) The 19F NMR spectrum of BrF5 consists of two peaks with intensity
ratio of four to one. The more intense peak is a doublet and the other
a quadruplet. Interpret with the structure (5).
(c) The 19F NMR spectrum of SF4 shows two triplets at -98°C whereas at
room temperature only a single sharp peak is observed. Explain the
observations(5).
13. (a) How many lines are expected in the 31P NMR of HPO(OH)2 ? (3)
(b) Deduce the 19F NMR spec of triagonal bipyramidal PF5 molecule (4)
(c) Write short note on applications of 19 F and 31P NMR spectroscopy (8)
UNIT-IV ESR and Photoelectron Spectroscopy

SECTION-A (6 marks)
1. a).Write a short note on Auger Spectroscopy.

b). Which of the following systems will show ESR spectrum?
2. a). State and explain Koopmans theorem.
b.What is kramers degeneracy? Taking Mn(II) case, explain the ESR
Spectrum obtained for its complexes.
3. Which of the following systems will show ESR spectrum?
a)H b)H2 c)Na

4. Write a short note on
a).hyperfine splitting constant.
b).g-value
c).Zeeman equation
d).Koopmans theorem
5. a).Describe in detail the instrumentation for scanning the ESR spectrum
of a compound.
b.Write a note on g-value and hyperfine splitting constant.
6. a) Describe in detail about the Kramers degeneracy.
b) Outline the esr spectrum of bis(Salicylaldimine) Copper(II) compex.
7. a).Explain hyperfine splitting.
b).Deduce the PE specta MnF2 and FeF2.
c).Deduce the PE spectra of N2, O2 and F2.
UNIT-V Mass and Mossbauer Spectroscopy

SECTION-A (6 marks)
1. What is Nitrogen rule? Explain with suitable examples.

2. Write short note on Mclafferty rearrangement reaction with suitable
examples.
3. Explain the basic principle of Mass spectroscopy.
4. Give an account on measurement techniques of FAB & SIMS.
5. What is base peak and metastable peak and briefly explain it.
6. What is quadrapole interaction and explain with suitable examples.
7. What are all the factors which are affecting the Mossbauer spectra.
8. Explain the quadrapole and magnetic interaction of sodium
nitropurosside.
9. Explain the cleavage patterns in mass spectra.
10. Calculate the m/e values for catheol and naphthalene and cresols.
11. Calculate the m/e values for decodecane and tertiary butyl amine
12. Explain the application of MB Spectrum of FeSO4.7H2O, K4[FeCN6].3H2O,
K3[FeCN6], SnCl4.
13. Explain the retro diels alder reaction in mass spectra.
14. Explain in detail about the instrumentation of mass spectra.

15. Explain the cleavage patterns for alcohols, ketones and alkanes with
suitable examples.
16. Write a note on
i. Molecular ion peak.
ii. Metastable ion peak.
iii. Base peak.
17. i. Explain the quadra pole interaction and magnetic interaction of MB
Spectra.(8)
ii . Write a note on nitrogen rule with suitable examples.(7)

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What are some important concepts discussed in spectroscopy?

What are some important concepts discussed in spectroscopy?

What factors affect vibrational frequencies?

What factors affect vibrational frequencies?

D.K.M.

COLLEGE FOR WOMEN (AUTONOMOUS), VELLORE-1

6. Which molecule absorbs at the longest wavelength?

7. Express the wavenumber value of 3000 cm-1 in terms of wavelength (in

11. Explain how you could use IR spectroscopy to distinguish between

13. Explain about solvent effect.

Section-B (15 marks)

b. Which of the following molecules exhibit pure rotational (microwave)

UNIT-II Raman & 1H- NMR spectra

1. A compound is found to have molecular formula C9H10O2. The IR

2. A compound is found to have molecular formula C3H8O. The IR spectrum

3. Explain in detail about the pure rotational raman spectra of diatomic

4. Enumerate in detail about the vibrational raman spectra of diatomic

5. Discuss in detail about the structural applications of raman

7. (a) State and explain Mutual exclusion principle (2).

(b)Discuss in detail about the principles of NMR (4).

8. An organic compound of molecular formula C10 H12 O2 gives the

9. Explain double resonance in NMR and the applications of the same .

Section-B (15 marks)

(b)Explain in detail about the advantages of FT-NMR over CWNMR (4)

(c) Give a brief account on spin-spin coupling (4)

11. Describe in detail about AX and AMX coupling phenomenon (15).

12. Write short note on

(i) Chemical Exchange

(ii) Nuclear Overhauser effect

13. Predict the 1H nmr spectrum of the following compounds

CH3CH2Cl (ii) CH3CHO (iii) H3C-CH(OH)-CH3 (iv) C6H5CH2OH (v)

14. Describe in detail about CWNMR and FTNMR techniques.

IR (Nujol) : 1720 cm-1

(b) How would you distinguish between 1 chloropropane and 2-

16. (a) A compound of the molecular formula C9H17Br exhibhited the

UV: λ max : 271nm; IR: ν=1680 cm-1

EIMS: m/z: 150, 135, 107, 43.

17. (a) Enumerate the applications of chemical shift in NMR.(5)

(b) Explain the principle of Fourier transform resonance spec (5).

(i) cis and trans 1,2 dichloroethene

(d) Three isomeric dimethyl cyclopropanes give respectively 2, 3, 4 signals

1. Explain spin spin coupling in proton NMR .What do you understand by

2. Give a brief account on NMR shift reagents

3. Explain in detail about the principle of NQR spectroscopy

SECTION-B (15 Marks)

(b) NF3 shows a sharp 19 F resonance at -205°C while a sharp triplet at

(c) How is the spectral width of an NMR signal dependent on the

UNIT-IV ESR and Photoelectron Spectroscopy

1. a).Write a short note on Auger Spectroscopy.

a)H b)H2 c)Na

UNIT-V Mass and Mossbauer Spectroscopy

1. What is Nitrogen rule? Explain with suitable examples.

SECTION-B (15 Marks)

14. Explain in detail about the instrumentation of mass spectra.

ii . Write a note on nitrogen rule with suitable examples.(7)

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