Scribd
Upload
77 views1 page

Geometry PDF

The document contains 5 geometry exercises: 1) Describes vector equations defining regions of space. 2) Finds the shortest distance between two lines. 3) Shows the relationship between tangents to a parabola and their angle of inclination. 4) Identifies transformations of the xy-plane represented by matrices, including which are invertible. 5) Involves sketching, finding arc-length, areas, and volumes for a cycloid parametrically defined.

Uploaded by

har2012
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
77 views1 page

Geometry PDF

The document contains 5 geometry exercises: 1) Describes vector equations defining regions of space. 2) Finds the shortest distance between two lines. 3) Shows the relationship between tangents to a parabola and their angle of inclination. 4) Identifies transformations of the xy-plane represented by matrices, including which are invertible. 5) Involves sketching, finding arc-length, areas, and volumes for a cycloid parametrically defined.

Uploaded by

har2012
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 1

GEOMETRY EXERCISES

1. Describe the regions of space given by the following vector equations. In each, r denotes the vector xi + yj + zk;
‘·’ and ∧ denote the scalar (dot) and vector (cross) product:

• r∧ (i + j) = (i − j) ,
• r · i = 1,
• |r − i| = |r − j| ,
• |r − i| = 1,
• r · i = r · j = r · k,
• r ∧ i = i.

2. Find the shortest distance between the lines


x−1 y−3 z y−1
= = and x = 2, = z.
2 3 2 2
[Hint: parametrise the lines and write down the vector between two arbitrary points on the lines; then determine when
this vector is normal to both lines.]

3. Let Lθ denote the line through (a, b) making an angle θ with the x-axis. Show that Lθ is a tangent of the parabola
y = x2 if and only if
tan2 θ − 4a tan θ + 4b = 0.
[Hint: parametrise Lθ as x = a + λ cos θ and y = b + λ sin θ and determine when Lθ meets the parabola precisely once.]

Show that the tangents from (a, b) to the parabola subtend an angle π/4 if and only if

1 + 24b + 16b2 = 16a2 .

[Hint: use the formula tan(θ1 − θ2 ) = (tan θ1 − tan θ2 )/(1 + tan θ1 tan θ2 ).]

Sketch the curve 1 + 24y + 16y 2 = 16x2 and the original parabola on the same axes.

4. What transformations of the xy-plane do the following matrices represent:


µ ¶ µ ¶µ ¶ µ ¶ µ ¶µ ¶
x 1 0 x x 2 0 x
i) 7→ , ii) 7→ ,
µ y ¶ µ 0 −1 y
¶µ ¶ µ y ¶ µ 0 1 y ¶µ ¶
x 1/2 1/2 x x cos θ − sin θ x
iii) 7→ , iv) 7→ .
y 1/2 1/2 y y sin θ cos θ y

Which, if any, of these transformations are invertible?

5. The cycloid is the curve given parametrically by the equations

x (t) = t − sin t, and y (t) = 1 − cos t for 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π.

(a) Sketch the cycloid.

(b) Find the arc-length of the cycloid.

(c) Find the area bounded by the cycloid and the x-axis.

(d) Find the area of the surface of revolution generated by rotating the cycloid around the x-axis.

(e) Find the volume enclosed by the surface of revolution generated by rotating the cycloid around the x-axis.

You might also like