Solutions of General Linear Homogeneous Equations: Theorem: If Is A Root of The Equation Then
Solutions of General Linear Homogeneous Equations: Theorem: If Is A Root of The Equation Then
In particular, we have seen in module 2 the form of the linear first order differential
equation , where is constant. This equation has the exponential
solution . We can also define the second order homogeneous differential
equation as .
( ) ( )
Let the roots of the auxiliary equation by . Then these will produce
Solutions as follows
( )
Exercises
Distinct Real Roots of Auxiliary Equation
( )
Then the roots of the auxiliary equation are ( ). Then the solution is
given by
( )
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The last equation asserts that the auxiliary equation has only one root , which
leads to a contradiction of repeated roots.
Multiplying both sides of the given differential equation by gives
( )
By exponential shift
( )
( )
( )
has the roots 3 and 3 for its auxiliary equation, and with solution for the differential
equation as
( )
Where the roots are repeated 3 times, then the solution is given by
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Example (f) Solve the differential equation
Exercises
Repeated Roots of Auxiliary Equation
( ) (1)
( )
( ) ( )
From calculus,
Thus, the solution of ( ) with imaginary roots for its auxiliary equation is now
given by
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( ) ( )
( )( ) ( )( )
or
( ) (2)
For example, the equation ( ) has roots for its auxiliary equation.
With , then the general solution is
( )
( )
Exercises:
Imaginary Roots of Auxiliary Equations
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2) ( )
3) ( )
4) ( )
5) ( )
( ) ( )
which is simplified as
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
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Exercises
Repeated Imaginary Roots of Auxiliary Equations
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