1.

Short Answer Questions

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1 What is Soft Computing?

2 Define Fuzzy Set.

3 Explain Set Theoretic Operations.
4 Briefly explain about Descent Methods.
5 What is Genetic Algorithm?
6 Discuss about Random Search.
7 Explain about Fuzzy if-then rules.
8 What is Extension Principle?
9 Define Fuzzy Reasoning.
10 Explain about Adaline.
11 What is Supervised Learning Neural Networks?
12 What is Back Propagation?
13 Explain about Input Space Partitioning.
14 What is Perceptron?
15 Define Simulated annealing.

2. Multiple Choice Questions-

1. What is the form of Fuzzy logic?

a) Two-valued logic

b) Crisp set logic

c) Many-valued logic

d) Binary set logic

2. The truth values of traditional set theory is ____________ and that of fuzzy set is __________

a) Either 0 or 1, between 0 & 1

b) Between 0 & 1, either 0 or 1

c) Between 0 & 1, between 0 & 1

d) Either 0 or 1, either 0 or 1
3. The room temperature is hot. Here the hot (use of linguistic variable is used) can be represented by
_______

a) Fuzzy Set

b) Crisp Set

c) Fuzzy & Crisp Set

d) None of the mentioned

4. The values of the set membership is represented by ___________

a) Discrete Set

b) Degree of truth

c) Probabilities

d) Both Degree of truth & Probabilities

5. Fuzzy Set theory defines fuzzy operators. Choose the fuzzy operators from the following.

a) AND

b) OR

c) NOT

d) All of the mentioned

6. There are also other operators, more linguistic in nature, called __________ that can be applied to
fuzzy set theory.

a) Hedges

b) Lingual Variable

c) Fuzz Variable

d) None of the mentioned

7. Fuzzy logic is usually represented as ___________

a) IF-THEN-ELSE rules

b) IF-THEN rules

c) Both IF-THEN-ELSE rules & IF-THEN rules

d) None of the mentioned

8. ______________ is/are the way/s to represent uncertainty.

a) Fuzzy Logic

b) Probability

c) Entropy

d) All of the mentioned

9. ____________ are algorithms that learn from their more complex environments (hence eco) to
generalize, approximate and simplify solution logic.

a) Fuzzy Relational DB

b) Ecorithms

c) Fuzzy Set

d) None of the mentioned

10. Back propagation is a learning technique that adjusts weights in the neural network by propagating
weight changes.

a) Forward from source to sink

b) Backward from sink to source

c) Forward from source to hidden nodes

d) Backward from sink to hidden nodes

11. Identify the following activation function :

φ(V) = Z + (1/ 1 + exp (– x * V + Y) ), Z, X, Y are parameters

a) Step function

b) Ramp function

c) Sigmoid function

d) Gaussian function

12. An artificial neuron receives n inputs x1, x2, x3__________ xn with weights w1, w2,___________ wn
attached to the input links. The weighted sum_________________ is computed to be passed on to a
non-linear filter Φ called activation function to release the output.

a) Σ wi

b) Σ xi

c) Σ wi + Σ xi

d) Σ wi* xi

13. Match the following knowledge representation techniques with their applications:

List – I List – II

(a) Frames (i) Pictorial representation of objects, their attributes and relationships

(b) Conceptual dependencies (ii) To describe real world stereotype events

(c) Associative networks (iii) Record like structures for grouping closely related knowledge

(d) Scripts (iv) Structures and primitives to represent sentences

code:

abcd

a) (iii) (iv) (i) (ii)

b) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)

c) (iv) (iii) (i) (ii)

d) (iv) (iii) (ii) (i)

14. In propositional logic P ⇔ Q is equivalent to (Where ~ denotes NOT):

a) ~ (P ˅ Q) ˄ ~ (Q ˅ P)

b) (~ P ˅ Q) ˄ (~ Q ˅ P)

c) (P ˅ Q) ˄ (Q ˅ P)

d) ~ (P ˅ Q) → ~ (Q ˅ P)

15. Slots and facets are used in

a) Semantic Networks

b) Frames

c) Rules

d) All of these

16. A neuron with 3 inputs has the weight vector [0.2 -0.1 0.1]^T and a bias θ = 0. If the input vector is X
= [0.2 0.4 0.2]^T then the total input to the neuron is:

a) 0.20

b) 1.0

c) 0.02

d) -1.0

17. Which of the following neural networks uses supervised learning?

(A) Multilayer perceptron

(B) Self organizing feature map

(C) Hopfield network

a) (A) only

b) (B) only

c) (A) and (B) only

d) (A) and (C) only

18. In Delta Rule for error minimization

a) weights are adjusted w.r.to change in the output

b) weights are adjusted w.r.to difference between desired output and actual output

c) weights are adjusted w.r.to difference between input and output

d) none of the above

19. Match the following :

(i) OLAP (a) Regression

(ii) OLTP (b) Data Warehouse

(iii) Decision Tree (c) RDBMS

(iv) Neural Network (d) Classification

code: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

a) (b) (c) (a) (d)

b) (b) (c) (d) (a)

c) (c) (b) (a) (d)

d) (c) (b) (d) (a)

20. Which of the following can be used for clustering of data ?

a) Single layer perception

b) Multilayer perception

c) Self organizing map

d) Radial basis function

21. Artificial neural network used for

a) Pattern Recognition

b) Classification

c) Clustering

d) All of these

22. A Neural Network can answer

a) For Loop questions

b) What-if questions

c) IF-The-Else Analysis Questions

d) None of these

23. Ability to learn how to do tasks based on the data given for training or initial experience

a) Self Organization

b) Adaptive Learning

c) Fault tolerance

d) Robustness

24. Feature of ANN in which ANN creates its own organization or representation of information it
receives during learning time is

a) Adaptive Learning

b) Self Organization

c) What-If Analysis

d) Supervised Learniing
25. In artificial Neural Network interconnected processing elements are called

a) Nodes or neurons

b) Weights

a) Axons

d) Soma

26. Each connection link in ANN is associated with ________ which has information about the input
signal.

a) Neurons

b) Weights

c) Bias

d) Activation function

27. Internal state of neuron is called __________, is the function of the inputs the neurons receives

a) Weight

b) Activation or activity level of neuron

c) Bias

d) None of these

28. Neuron can send ________ signal at a time.

a) Multiple

b) One

c) None

d) Any number of
29. Core of soft Computing is

a) Fuzzy Computing, Neural Computing, Genetic Algorithms

b) Fuzzy Networks and Artificial Intelligence

c) Artificial Intelligence and Neural Science

d) Neural Science and Genetic Science

30. Who initiated the idea of Soft Computing

a) Charles Darwin

b) Lofti A Zadeh

c) Rechenberg

d) Mc_Culloch

31. Fuzzy Computing

a) Mimics human behaviour

b) Doesn't deal with 2 valued logic

c) Deals with information which is vague, imprecise, uncertain, ambiguous, inexact, or probabilistic

d) All of the above

32. Neural Computing

a) Mimics human brain

b) Information processing paradigm

c) Both (a) and (b)

d) None of the above

33. Genetic Algorithm are a part of

a) Evolutionary Computing

b) Inspired by Darwin's theory about evolution - "survival of the fittest"

c) Are adaptive heuristic search algorithm based on the evolutionary ideas of natural selection and
genetics

d) All of the above

34. What are the 2 types of learning

a) Improvised and unimprovised

b) Supervised and unsupervised

c) Layered and unlayered

d) None of the above

35. Supervised Learning is

a) Learning with the help of examples

b) Learning without teacher

c) Learning with the help of teacher

d) Learning with computers as supervisor

36. Unsupervised learning is

a) Learning without computers

b) Problem based learning

c) Learning from environment

d) Learning from teachers

37. Conventional Artificial Intelligence is different from soft computing in the sense

a) Conventional Artificial Intelligence deal with prdicate logic where as soft computing deal with fuzzy
logic

b) Conventional Artificial Intelligence methods are limited by symbols where as soft computing is based
on empirical data

c) Both (a) and (b)

d) None of the above

38. In supervised learning

a) Classes are not predefined

b) Classes are predefined

c) Classes are not required

b) Classification is not done

39. ANN is composed of large number of highly interconnected processing elements(neurons) working
in unison to solve problems.

a) True

b) False

40. Neurons or artificial neurons have the capability to model networks of original neurons as found in
brain

a) True

b) False
41. Perceptron is

a) General class of approaches to a problem.

b) Performing several computations simultaneously

c) Structures in a database those are statistically relevant

d) Simple forerunner of modern neural networks, without hidden layers

42. Prolog is

a) A programming language based on logic

b) A computer where each processor has its own operating system, its own memory, and its own hard
disk

c) Describes the structure of the contents of a database

d) None of these