Quantitative
comparisons: bar-
charts
I N T R O D U C T I O N TO D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H M AT P LOT L I B
Ariel Rokem
Data Scientist
Olympic medals
,Gold, Silver, Bronze
United States, 137, 52, 67
Germany, 47, 43, 67
Great Britain, 64, 55, 26
Russia, 50, 28, 35
China, 44, 30, 35
France, 20, 55, 21
Australia, 23, 34, 25
Italy, 8, 38, 24
Canada, 4, 4, 61
Japan, 17, 13, 34
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Olympic medals: visualizing the data
medals = pd.read_csv('medals_by_country_2016.csv', index_col=0)
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.bar(medals.index, medals["Gold"])
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Interlude: rotate the tick labels
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.bar(medals.index, medals["Gold"])
ax.set_xticklabels(medals.index, rotation=90)
ax.set_ylabel("Number of medals")
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Olympic medals: visualizing the other medals
fig, ax = plt.subplots
ax.bar(medals.index, medals["Gold"])
ax.bar(medals.index, medals["Silver"], bottom=medals["Gold"])
ax.set_xticklabels(medals.index, rotation=90)
ax.set_ylabel("Number of medals")
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Olympic medals: visualizing all three
fig, ax = plt.subplots
ax.bar(medals.index, medals["Gold"])
ax.bar(medals.index, medals["Silver"], bottom=medals["Gold"])
ax.bar(medals.index, medals["Bronze"],
bottom=medals["Gold"] + medals["Silver"])
ax.set_xticklabels(medals.index, rotation=90)
ax.set_ylabel("Number of medals")
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Stacked bar chart
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Adding a legend
fig, ax = plt.subplots
ax.bar(medals.index, medals["Gold"])
ax.bar(medals.index, medals["Silver"], bottom=medals["Gold"])
ax.bar(medals.index, medals["Bronze"],
bottom=medals["Gold"] + medals["Silver"])
ax.set_xticklabels(medals.index, rotation=90)
ax.set_ylabel("Number of medals")
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Adding a legend
fig, ax = plt.subplots
ax.bar(medals.index, medals["Gold"], label="Gold")
ax.bar(medals.index, medals["Silver"], bottom=medals["Gold"],
label="Silver")
ax.bar(medals.index, medals["Bronze"],
bottom=medals["Gold"] + medals["Silver"],
label="Bronze")
ax.set_xticklabels(medals.index, rotation=90)
ax.set_ylabel("Number of medals")
ax.legend()
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Stacked bar chart with legend
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Create a bar chart!
I N T R O D U C T I O N TO D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H M AT P LOT L I B
Quantitative
comparisons:
histograms
I N T R O D U C T I O N TO D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H M AT P LOT L I B
Ariel Rokem
Data Scientist
Histograms
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
A bar chart again
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.bar("Rowing", mens_rowing["Height"].mean())
ax.bar("Gymnastics", mens_gymnastics["Height"].mean())
ax.set_ylabel("Height (cm)")
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Introducing histograms
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.hist(mens_rowing["Height"])
ax.hist(mens_gymnastic["Height"])
ax.set_xlabel("Height (cm)")
ax.set_ylabel("# of observations")
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Labels are needed
ax.hist(mens_rowing["Height"], label="Rowing")
ax.hist(mens_gymnastic["Height"], label="Gymnastics")
ax.set_xlabel("Height (cm)")
ax.set_ylabel("# of observations")
ax.legend()
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Customizing histograms: setting the number of
bins
ax.hist(mens_rowing["Height"], label="Rowing", bins=5)
ax.hist(mens_gymnastic["Height"], label="Gymnastics", bins=5)
ax.set_xlabel("Height (cm)")
ax.set_ylabel("# of observations")
ax.legend()
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Customizing histograms: setting bin boundaries
ax.hist(mens_rowing["Height"], label="Rowing",
bins=[150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210])
ax.hist(mens_gymnastic["Height"], label="Gymnastics",
bins=[150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210])
ax.set_xlabel("Height (cm)")
ax.set_ylabel("# of observations")
ax.legend()
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Customizing histograms: transparency
ax.hist(mens_rowing["Height"], label="Rowing",
bins=[150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210],
histtype="step")
ax.hist(mens_gymnastic["Height"], label="Gymnastics",
bins=[150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210],
histtype="step")
ax.set_xlabel("Height (cm)")
ax.set_ylabel("# of observations")
ax.legend()
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Histogram with a histtype of step
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Create your own
histogram!
I N T R O D U C T I O N TO D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H M AT P LOT L I B
Statistical plotting
I N T R O D U C T I O N TO D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H M AT P LOT L I B
Ariel Rokem
Data Scientist
Adding error bars to bar charts
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.bar("Rowing",
mens_rowing["Height"].mean(),
yerr=mens_rowing["Height"].std())
ax.bar("Gymnastics",
mens_gymnastics["Height"].mean(),
yerr=mens_gymnastics["Height"].std())
ax.set_ylabel("Height (cm)")
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Error bars in a bar chart
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Adding error bars to plots
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.errorbar(seattle_weather["MONTH"],
seattle_weather["MLY-TAVG-NORMAL"],
yerr=seattle_weather["MLY-TAVG-STDDEV"])
ax.errorbar(austin_weather["MONTH"],
austin_weather["MLY-TAVG-NORMAL"],
yerr=austin_weather["MLY-TAVG-STDDEV"])
ax.set_ylabel("Temperature (Fahrenheit)")
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Error bars in plots
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Adding boxplots
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.boxplot([mens_rowing["Height"],
mens_gymnastics["Height"]])
ax.set_xticklabels(["Rowing", "Gymnastics"])
ax.set_ylabel("Height (cm)")
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Interpreting boxplots
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Try it yourself!
I N T R O D U C T I O N TO D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H M AT P LOT L I B
Quantitative
comparisons: scatter
plots
I N T R O D U C T I O N TO D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H M AT P LOT L I B
Ariel Rokem
Data Scientist
Introducing scatter plots
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.scatter(climate_change["co2"], climate_change["relative_temp"])
ax.set_xlabel("CO2 (ppm)")
ax.set_ylabel("Relative temperature (Celsius)")
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Customizing scatter plots
eighties = climate_change["1980-01-01":"1989-12-31"]
nineties = climate_change["1990-01-01":"1999-12-31"]
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.scatter(eighties["co2"], eighties["relative_temp"],
color="red", label="eighties")
ax.scatter(nineties["co2"], nineties["relative_temp"],
color="blue", label="nineties")
ax.legend()
ax.set_xlabel("CO2 (ppm)")
ax.set_ylabel("Relative temperature (Celsius)")
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Encoding a comparison by color
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Encoding a third variable by color
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.scatter(climate_change["co2"], climate_change["relative_temp"],
c=climate_change.index)
ax.set_xlabel("CO2 (ppm)")
ax.set_ylabel("Relative temperature (Celsius)")
plt.show()
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Encoding time in color
INTRODUCTION TO DATA VISUALIZATION WITH MATPLOTLIB
Practice making your
own scatter plots!
I N T R O D U C T I O N TO D ATA V I S U A L I Z AT I O N W I T H M AT P LOT L I B
