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9 Role of Leadership in Training and Development

This document discusses the relationship between leadership and training & development. It argues that leadership skills play a vital role in enhancing the training & development process and maximizing its outcomes. When leadership skills are applied during training & development, employees' actual performance can be better aligned with desired organizational goals. The results of the study revealed that training & development is fruitful but can be further improved by enhancing the leadership skills of the trainer.

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Shi Kham
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
22 views7 pages

9 Role of Leadership in Training and Development

This document discusses the relationship between leadership and training & development. It argues that leadership skills play a vital role in enhancing the training & development process and maximizing its outcomes. When leadership skills are applied during training & development, employees' actual performance can be better aligned with desired organizational goals. The results of the study revealed that training & development is fruitful but can be further improved by enhancing the leadership skills of the trainer.

Uploaded by

Shi Kham
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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