Internet of Things ( IoT )

Architecture / Topology
 What is IoT
• Important topic in technology industry
• Things will have full interconnectivity and
computational resource
• Interconnection of Physical Device via internet
• Enabling physical device to send and receive data
• Extending the connectivity beyond the LAN out to
WAN
• Advanced connectivity of devices, systems,
services
• Starting point of automation in nearly all domain
 IoT Architecture
IoT
Device

IoT IoT
IoT
Device Gateway Cloud

IoT
Device
Phone PC
 IoT Solution
• Characterized by many devices / things
• Will use some form of Gateway to establish a
communication
• Information collection at backend server /
cloud.
• Collected information will be seen through
Web Client, Mobile Phone Applications.
 IoT Domain / Areas
• Media
• Environmental Monitoring
• Identity & Tracking
• Farming
• Connected Car
• Energy Grid
• Logistics & Shipping
• Infrastructure Management
• Manufacturing
• Energy Management
• Medical and Healthcare
• Building and Home Automation
• Transportation
• Consumer Application
 IoT Technologies
• Short Range Wireless
– Bluetooth Low Energy
– Near Field Communication
– RFID
– Thread
– WiFi, WiFi Direct. WiMAX
– Z-Wave, Zigbee
• Medium Range Wireless
– HaLow
– LTE, NB-IoT,
• Long Range Wireless
– LPWAN
– LoRA
– Very Small Aperture Terminal
– Cellular 2G, 3G, 4G Mobile Technologies
• Wired
– Serial Port, Ethernet, Firewire
– Power Line Communication
 IoT Protocols – Some popular
• MQTT – Message Queueing Telemetry Transport
• CoAP – Constrained Application Protocol
• XMPP – Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol
• REST – Representation State Transfer
• SoAP – Simple Object Access Protocol
• Ethernet
• Node.js
• 6LowPAN, Zigbee
• HTTPS
• Bluetooth Low Energy Profiles
• IPv4 / IPv6, TCP, UDP
• WiFi
Open Standard - Model
IoT Device - Architecture
Communication
Protocols
Network Mgmt
Remote
Mgmt
Hardware Abstraction Layer

Operating System
 IoT Device - Architecture
• Operating System
– Many IoT Device run bare metal firmware
– RTOS like mBed, freeRTOS
• Hardware Abstraction
– Provides access to Hardware features
– MCU, Flash, GPIO, Serial Interfaces and etc.
• Communication Support
– Wired / Wireless protocols like Bluetooth, Z-Wave, Zigbee,
Thread, CAN Bus, MQTT, CoAP, etc.
• Remote Management
– Upgrade firmware ( FOTA )
– Monitor the device
 IoT Gateway
• Bridges communication IoT Devices and Cloud
• Forwards the data from devices to cloud
• Highly effective in terms of performance and
network utilization
• Pre processing of the information
– Message filtering & Aggregation
• Provides Storage solution
• Act as single point of access for monitoring
• Gathers all the necessary metrics from the
sensors
IoT Gateway - Architecture
Data Management &
Messaging
Communication
Protocols
Remote
Network Mgmt Mgmt

Operating System
 IoT Gateway - Architecture
• Operating System
– General purpose OS like Linux
• Run Time Environment
– Ability to run application code
– Allow application to be dynamically updated
• Communication & Connectivity
– Support different connectivity protocols
– Ensures reliability, security of the communications
• Data Management & Messaging
– Network latency, Offline mode, Real Time analytics
– Forward device data in consistent manner
• Remote Management
– Remotely configure, provision
– Startup / Shutdown the gateways
 IoT Gateway – Need / No Need
• Need
– When IoT device uses non internet based
technologies like Zigbee, Z-Wave, BLE

• No Need
– If IoT device uses internet based technologies. But
not all cases
– IoT Single / Separate Devices
– Devices which are not a static
 IoT Cloud
• Store and process the IoT data
• Capable to consume / process the data generated by
devices, sensors, websites, application, smart
phones.
• Provides user friendly interaction for person, without
requiring technical expertise or services.
• Contains application, infrastructure, service provider
• Web application UI
• Business logic layer with real time updates
• Device data, registry and management
IoT Cloud - Architecture

Application

Message Routing
Connectivity Event Mgmt & UI

Data Mgmt

Device Mgmt

Device Registry

Operating System / Platform As A Service

 IoT Cloud - Architecture
• Connectivity and Message Routing
• Device Management
• Device Registry
• Data Management
• Event Management
• Analytics and User Interface
• Application Enablement
 Interoperable Functionality
• Security
– Secure communication implementation
– Authentication, Encryption and Authorization
• Ontologies
– Format and description of device data
– Define ontologies and metadata across different
domains.
• Development Tools and SDK
– Different Hardware Platform
– Software Platform with Drivers & Communication
protocol stack
 IoT Issues
• Security
• Economy and Development Issues
• Privacy
• Interoperability / Standards
• Legal, Regulatory and Rights
 How to secure
• Vulnerable to physical tampering
• Private Key & Public Key Encryption
• Secure Socket Layer like HTTPS, SSL, TLS
 IoT – Open Source Software
• IoT Device Operating System
– RIOT, FreeRTOS, Zephyr, mBed.
• Edje – Device Hardware Abstraction
• Wakaama - Device Management & Communication
• Paho – Device Communication
• Kura – Middle ware for IoT Gateways
• Machhina.IO – Middleware for IoT Gateway
• Eclipse Smart Home – IoT Gateway for smart home
• Equinox – Runtime Environment
• Kaa – Open source IoT platform
• 4DIAC – industrial grade open source infrastructure
 Commercial IoT Cloud
• Amazon Web Services IoT
• Windows IoT
• Google Cloud IoT
• Salesforce IoT cloud
• Technologies
– Big Data - Hadoop
 Hardware Platform
• Raspberry PI 3
• Pine A64
• Marsboard
• Arduino
• ESP32 – Wireless / BTLE
• ESP8266 – Wireless
• XBee – Zigbee
• Gateway Simulators
 Some IoT Applications
• Smart Grid
• Smart Watch
• Smart HD Video Door Bell
• Smart Home Automation
• Smart Shopping
• Smart City
• Smart Train
Thank You