Everyday English 2: Situation

Everyday English 2 Teacher’s Notes
Module 7 • Situation 1 Grammar Activity
Present Perfect: Positive; Since / For

We use the Present Perfect to talk about actions which were completed in the past, but are still
connected to the present.
They’ve climbed the hill. (They are still at the top, or it was done recently.)
We also use it to report about an action which began in the past and continues to the present.
There has been a break-in at the museum. Thieves have …
The Present Perfect is also used to discuss events that have happened more than once in the past and
continue to happen in the present.
How long have you been a bus driver?
Positive
To form positive sentences, we use have or has + the past participle.
The bus has stopped.
We have fallen asleep.
We usually use the contracted forms by combining the pronoun and have / has, replacing some of the
letters with an apostrophe.
You have done a lot. ➙ You’ve done a lot.
She has been abroad. ➙ She’s been abroad.
The past participle form of regular verbs is the same as the Past Simple form. For example:
Verb Past Tense Past Participle
live lived lived
climb climbed climbed
cry cried cried
The past participle form of irregular verbs is also irregular. For example:
Verb Past Tense Past Participle
be was / were been
go went gone
see saw seen
You may want to refer your students to the Grammar Index in the online course for a complete list of
irregular verbs.
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The time expressions since and for are used with the Present Perfect. Other time expressions used
with the Present Perfect are ever, never, yet and already.
Since
We use since to tell us when the action began.
The bus has been broken since 10 o’clock.
For
We use for to tell us the duration of the action.
The bus has been broken for three hours.
1. Print out the worksheet and make a copy for each student.
2. Start the lesson by writing the verb live on the board.
3. Elicit from the students the Present Perfect. Make sure they know which pronoun takes have + the
past participle, and which takes has + the past participle.
4. Invite students to say where they and their families have lived. For example:
I have lived in Spain.
My sister has lived in New York.
My parents have lived in London.
5. Write since and for on the board. Review when each is used.
6. Have students add a time expression with since or for to their sentences. For example:
I have lived in Spain since 2001.
My sister has lived in New York for several years.
7. You might want to contrast the Present Perfect with the Past Simple. Explain that the Past Simple is
used for an action that happened at a specific time in the past. The Present Perfect is used when the
action happened in the past and has an effect on the present.
She taught English at Brown High School in 1999. (She has finished teaching.)
She has taught English at Brown High School since 1999. (She is still teaching.)
8. Hand out a copy of the worksheet to each student.
9. Exercise A is a text. You can:
a. use the text to present the grammar point by having the students highlight examples of the
structure in the text.
b. review the grammar point and use the text to show both form and function.
c. review the grammar point and print the text with the grammar-related words deleted, using it as a
cloze.
10. Have the students do exercises B and C.
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Answer Key
A C 1. since
Paul and Susan have been in the Lake 2. for
District since Monday. They have been in
3. for
Keswick for two days.
4. since
They have had a wonderful time together,
5. since
but they have also done some things by
themselves. Susan loves flowers, so she has 6. since
visited some lovely gardens in Graythwaite 7. for
Hall and Brockhole. She also enjoys 8. for
museums. She has seen several museums,
like The Printing House Museum. Paul
has been to some old castles because he is
interested in history. Together, Susan and
Paul have walked in the forests and they
have climbed hills. They have seen beautiful
lakes, rivers and valleys.
Right now, they are on a tour bus. They have
been on a guided tour for five hours. They
are exhausted. Susan has even fallen asleep.
B 1. has checked
2. have fallen
3. have swum
4. has started
5. have lived
6. has run
7. have been
8. have climbed
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Everyday English 2 Teacher’s Notes

Module 7 • Situation 1 Grammar Activity

Present Perfect: Positive; Since / For

Present Perfect: Positive; Since / For

Present Perfect: Positive; Since / For

Present Perfect: Positive; Since / For

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