Module 2

Content and Contextual Analysis on Selected Primary Sources in the Philippines

A. Brief Summary of the First Voyage Around the World by Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta
B. The KKK and the Kartilla ng Katipunan
C. Reading the Proclamation of Philippine Independence
D. A Glance at Selected Philippine Political Caricature in Alfred McCoy’s Philippine Cartoons: Political
Caricature of the American Era ( 1900-1941)
E. Corazon C. Aquino’s Speech Before United States Congress on September 18, 1986

In this section, we are going to look at the number of primary sources from different historical periods and
evaluate these documents’ content in terms of historical value, and examine the context of their production. Needless
to say, different types of sources necessitate different kinds of analysis and contain different levels of importance.

A. Brief Summary of the First Voyage Around the World by Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
A. Analyze the context, content and perspective of different kinds of primary sources
B. Determine the contribution of different kinds of primary sources in understanding Philippine history
C. Develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources by
a. Draw out the main idea and controversies of the text written by Antonio Pigafetta First Voyage Around
the World;
b. identify the arguments that support main claims of the text.;
c. Illustrate how the text contributed to the deeper understanding to certain events in Philippine History;
d. Identify the perspective of the account/ primary source;
e. Draw out a conclusion with a stand about the controversy.

I. To do List
1. Watch the video by clicking the URL below about Antonio Pigafetta First Voyage around the World and briefly
write your thoughts about the video.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGgGM_IeePY

____________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

II. Lecture
1. Click the URL below. Read and analyze the main idea and controversies of the text written by
Antonio Pigafetta First Voyage Around the World.
 https://books.google.com.ph/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=sclFZPrPVhsC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=voyage+of+Magellan+by+Antonio+Pigafetta&ots=U0N8fuVYeW&sig=
0dNG2twH0oJJozIVDLhU5x1G76s&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=voyage%20of%20Magellan%20by%20Antonio
%20Pigafetta&f=false

III. Activities
Instruction: After reading, draw out the main idea and controversies of the text written by Antonio Pigafetta First
Voyage Around the World

Main Idea Arguments

1.

2.

3.
Perspective of the Author/Account

Your Stand in the Controversy

IV. Supplemental Content

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kxY66kSrhU
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hETDoCMADok

References

Candelaria, John Lee P.2018 Readings in the Philippine . History. Manila: REX Book Store

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGgGM_IeePY

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kxY66kSrhU

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hETDoCMADok
 B. The KKK and the Kartilya ng Katipunan

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson the students’ are expected to:

A. Enumerate different points given in the Kartilya ng Katipunan

B. Explain the Importance of the Katipunan to the grand narrative Philippine History; and
C. Evaluate the relevance of the document to the present time

To do List
1. Every organization has a code of conduct in order to maintain cooperation and respect among its members. If
these rules are broken, there are corresponding sanctions and consequences. Cite one rule or regulation you
have in an organization you are part of and explain the importance of compliance and the sanction for non-
compliance.

One Rule or Regulation Importance of Compliance Sanction for Non Compliance

1. In your own opinion, was the method employed by the Katipuneros-strenght, courage, strength and arms-
appropriate in the fight for freedom? Explain

Lecture by Asuncion, Nestor M. (2019) Readings in Philippine History

1. Biography of Emilio Jacinto begins with his early life: Perhaps the most interesting part of a biography of Emilio
Jacinto are the details about his political life and
 Emilio Jacinto was born in 1875 on the 15th of contributions:
December.
 He was the only son of a man named Mariano  After dropping out of college at the age of 20, Emilio
Jacinto and a woman named Josefa Dizon. joined the Katipunan, a secret revolutionary society. This
 Shortly after he was born, his father passed away. was a group whose objective was to
This untimely death forced his mother to send Emilio gain Philippine independence from Spain in 1892.
to live with his uncle, Don Jose' Dizon. His mother  Jacinto became the secretary, directly reporting to the
believed that his uncle could care for the young Emilio leader of the Katipunan. He also became the chief advisor
better then she could after the death of Mariano. on fiscal matters concerning this secret society. In
addition to these duties, Emilio also wrote the society's
College and Education
newspaper, the Kalayaan.
Very little is known about Emilio's early childhood up  Emilio was given a new name when he was part of this
until the point that he went to college. However, it is group. To the Katipunan, he was often referred to as Utak
ng Katipunan. However, he wrote under the pseudonym
known that by the time he went away to college, he could
Dimasailaw when writing for the newspaper and he was
fluently speak both Spanish and Tagalog, the language of more commonly referred to in the group as Pingkian.
the Philippine people. However, he preferred to speak in Jacinto was also placed in charge of writing the guidebook
Spanish a majority of the time. for new members and current members of the Katipunan,
which was called Kartilya ng Katipunan.
Emilio attended the San Juan de Latran College when he  When the leader of the Katipunan passed away,
first embarked on his college career. However, he later Emilio continued to carry out the wishes of Bonifacio. The
attended the University of San Tomas in order to study law. Katipunan at this time had many factions and not all of
Emilio left college before completing his law degree. them operated in the same way in their efforts to gain
their independence from Spain. As with his predecessor
before him, Jacinto refused to join with these factions
who had different views. This included refusing to join the
Magdalo faction of the Katipunan under the leadership of
Emilio Aguinaldo.
Emilio Jacinto died on April 16, 1899 at the age of 24. The
cause of his death at such a young age was malaria, which he
had contracted while in Majayjay, Laguna. The remains of his
body were transferred from this location to Manila where he
was laid to rest in Manila North Cemetery. His name lives on in
history for the Philippine people and he is known as the Brains
 of the Katipunan.

Sometime in 1896, Andres Bonifacio, the father of the Philippine Revolution, and once the President of the Supreme
Council of the Katipunan, penned the Duties of the Sons of the People, a list of the duties and responsibilities to be
followed strictly by every member of the organization. The rules constituted a decalogue, and embodied Bonifacio’s
passionate beliefs.

In admiration of Emilio Jacinto’s literary style, Bonifacio would later adopt Jacinto’s Kartilya as the official teachings of
the Katipunan. Similar to the Decalogue, the Kartilya was written to introduce new recruits to the principles and values
that should guide every member of the organization.

The Kartilya of the Katipunan By Emilio Jacinto

Bonifacio and the Decalogue of the Katipunan
1. A life that is not consecrated to a large and holy
greatness is a tree without shade, if not a poisonous weed. I.   Love God with all your heart.
2. Good work that comes from selfish desires and not
from a true desire for excellence is not kindness. II.  Bear always in mind that the love of God is also the love of
3. Real piety is hard work and love for fellowmen, and country, and this, too, is love of one's fellow-men.
measuring each action, labor and speech by true Reason.
4. Whether one’s skin be black or white, all people are III. Engrave in your heart that the true measure of honor and
equal; it may be that each is superior in knowledge, wealth, happiness is to die for the freedom of your country.
beauty but there is no superiority in human dignity.
5. One who has a high inner spirit, puts honor, goodness IV. All your good wishes will be crowned with success if you have
and virtue before self-interest; one who has a lowly inner serenity, constancy, reason, and faith in your acts and endeavor.
spirit puts self-interest before honor, goodness and virtue.
6. To the person with shame, his or her word is sacred. V. Guard the mandates and aims of the K.K.K. as you guard your
7. Do not waste time: wealth can be lost and recovered; honor.
but time that already passes will not pass again.
8. Defend the oppressed and fight the oppressor. VI. It is the duty of all to deliver, at the risk of their own lives and
9. The intelligent person is one who is careful in all that wealth, anyone who runs great risks in the performance of his
he or she says; and learns to keep secret that which should duty.
deb kept in confidence.
10. On the thorny path of life, man is the guide of woman VII. Our responsibility to ourselves and the performance of our
and of children; if the guide leaded to evil, the destiny of duties will be the example set for our fellow-men to follow.
those being led is also evil.
11. Thou must not look upon woman as a mere plaything, VIII. Insofar as it is within your power, share your means with the
but as a partner and sympathetic companion in the poor and the unfortunate.
hardships of this life; in your strength, consider her
weakness, and remember the mother who birthed thee and IX. Diligence in the work that gives sustenance to you is the true
reared thee. basis of love --- love for your own self, for your wife and children,
12. What thou dost not desire done unto thy wife, and for your brothers and countrymen.
children, and siblings, do not do unto the wife, children, and
siblings of others. X. Punish any scoundrel and traitor and praise all good work.
13. The value of a person is not in being sovereign, not in Believe, likewise, that the aims of the K.K.K.
an aquiline nose or in a white face, it is not in the priestly        are God-given for the will of the people is also the will of God.
SUBSTITUTE FOR GOD, nor is it in the high station one has in
life. Pure and truly highly esteemed, beloved and noble is
the person even if he or she was raised in the forest and
speaks nothing but his or her own language; who has
beautiful behavior, and only one sentence (which is) honor
and virtue; who does not oppress others or allow one’s self
to be oppressed; who knows how to be sensitive and knows
how to cherish the land of his birth.
 Activities
1. Kartilya ng Katipunan in the Modern World

Instructions: Read the Provisions of the Kartilya ng Katipunan and through it, visualize the dynamics of the
Katipunan as an organization. Considering the present circumstances in the modern world, do you think the
provisions of the Kartilya ng Katipunan will help address some of the problems of Philippine society? Cite
example and defend your answer.

2. Comparing the Kartilya ng Katipunan and the Decalogue

Instructions: Prior to the Kartilya ng Katipunan, Andres Bonifacio drafted the “ Decalogue of the Duties of the
Sons of the People “ or the “Decalogue”. It was patterned after the Ten Commandments of the Roman Catholic
church to serve as the list of duties and responsibilities to be followed by every member of the Katipunan.
However, after seeing the draft of the Kartilya ng Katipunan by Emlio Jacinto, he was impressed with Jacintos
style of writing and decided to adopt it as the official guidebook of the rules and regulations of the organization.

Read the Decalogue of the “Duties of the Sons of the People” by Andres Bonifacio and compare it with the
Kartilya ng Katipunan by Emilio Jacinto. In your own opinion, which better suits the needs of Philippine society
during the time of revolution? Explain your answer in 200 words.
 3. Assessing the importance of Primary Sources in Understanding the Grand Narrative Philippine History

Instructions: Give three reasons why Kartilya ng Katipunan is important to the grand narrative of Philippine
History?

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

Supplemental Content
Click on the URL below on Documentary Film about Katipunan.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZE8d7uAluL8
RUBRICS
Your essay will be graded based on the following; Focus and details, organization, voice, word choice,
and reasoning and use of evidences. Consequently, use this rubric as a guide when writing your essay
and check it again before you submit your essay.

Traits 4 3 2 1 Total
Focus and There is one clear, There is one clear, There is one topic. The topic
Details well focused topic. well focused Main ideas are and main 4
Main ideas are topic. Main ideas Somewhat clear. ideas are not
clear and are well are clear but are clear.
supported by not well
detailed and supported by
accurate detailed
information information.
Organization The introduction is The introduction The introduction There is no
inviting, states the states the main states the main clear 4
main topic, and topic and provides topic. A introduction,
provides an an overview of conclusion is structure, or
overview of the the paper. A included. conclusion.
paper. Information conclusion is
is relevant and included.
presented in a
logical order. The
conclusion is
strong.
Voice The author’s The author’s The author’s The author’s
purpose purpose of writing purpose of writing purpose of
of writing is very is somewhat is somewhat writing is
clear, clear, and there is clear, and there is unclear. 4
and there is strong some evidence of
evidence of evidence of attention
attention attention to to audience. The
to audience. The audience. The author’s knowledge
author’s extensive author’s and/or experience
knowledge and/or knowledge with
experience with the and/or experience the topic is/are
topic is/are evident. with the topic limited.
is/are evident.
Word The author uses The author uses The author uses The writer
Choice vivid vivid words uses a
words and phrases. words and that communicate limited
The choice and phrases. The clearly, but the vocabulary. 4
placement of words choice and writing lacks Jargon or
seems accurate, placement of variety. clichés may
natural, and not words is be present
forced. inaccurate and detract
at times and/or from the
seems overdone. meaning.
Reasoning Supplies and cite Supplies evidence Identifies relevant Cites some
and Use of evidence to support to support each evidence to support references 4
Evidences and to develop claim each claim to claims
each claim and
documents
Reviewers 20
Comment
 References

Asuncion, Nestor M. 2019. Readings in the Philippine History . Quezon City: C and E

Click on the URL below on Documentary Film about Katipunan.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZE8d7uAluL8

C. Reading the Proclamation of Philippine Independence

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson, the students are expected to:
A. Identify the symbolism used in the design of the Philippine Flag
B. Explain the importance of the Act of the Declaration of Philippine Independence to the grand narrative
of Philippine history ; and
C. Evaluate the relevance of the document to the present time

To do List
1. Instructions: The Philippine flag that was unfurled during the proclamation of Philippine independence was
designed to symbolize the nationalism and patriotism of the Filipinos who fought for the country’s
independence. Considering the present condition of Philippines where new threats to democracy, sovereignty,
human rights and civil liberties have emerged, sketch your own version of Philippine Flag. Explain the
symbolisms that you used.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
 Lecture by Asuncion, Nestor M. (2019) Readings in Philippine History

Accordingly, General Aguinaldo thought that it was necessary to

declare the independence of the Philippines to inspire the
people to fight more eagerly against the Spaniards. The
declaration of independence would also lead foreign countries
to recognize the independence of the country.

Bautista patterned the act on the American declaration of

Independence, which was signed by 98 persons, among them an
American army officer who witnessed the proclamation.

The declaration, however, was not recognized by the United

States nor by Spain, as the Spanish government ceded the
On December 7, 1830, Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista, Philippines to the United States in the 1898 Treaty of Paris, in
lawyer and General Emilio Aguinaldo’s confidante, consideration for an indemnity for Spanish expenses and assets
was born in Biñan, Laguna. lost. No other foreign country recognized the Philippine
independence.
Bautista, who was arrested and jailed at the
outbreak of the Revolution, was the one who Bautista, who also served as solicitor general of the
authored the "Act of Declaration of Philippine revolutionary government, died on December 4, 1903 at the age
Independence". He was also the one who read the of 72.
declaration during the June 12, 1898 Independence
proclamation by General Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite.
https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/799/today-in-philippie-history-december-7-1830-ambrosio-rianzares-
bautista-lawyer-and-gen-emilio-aguinaldo-s-confidante-was-born-in-bi-an-laguna

Historical Background of the Document

In April 1898, the Spanish-American War broke out as a result of U.S. interevention in the Cuban War of
Independence. The U.S. attacked Spains Pacific Possession, which led to its involvement in the Philippine
Revolution. Commodore George Dewey sailed from Hongkong to Manila Bay aboard the U.S.S. Olympia and led
the Asiatic Squadron of the U.S. Navy.

In May 1898, the Battle of Manila Bay ensued. Emilio Aguinaldo decided to return to the Philippines
from Hong Kong bringing with him the first Philippine flag sewn by Marcela Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, and
Delfina Herbosa. Upon arriving in Manila, Aguinaldo proceeded to his Mansion in Kawit, Cavite to rally ll Filipinos
to unite and fight against the Spaniards in the historic battle cry of the “Hour of Liberation “. Together with the
Americans, the Filipinos assaulted the Spaniards in the Battle in Manila Bay. However, the said battle was
perceived to be a mock battle as arrangements were already made between the Americans and the Spaniards
that the latter would hand over the Philippines including Guam and Puerto Rico to the former. Such
arrangements were already finalize in the Treaty of Paris in 1898.

After the Battle of Manila Bay, there were still skirmishes between Filipinos and Spaniards in various
provinces in the Philippines. The Act of the Declaration of Philippine Independence ( Acta de la Proclamacion de
la Independencia del Pueblo Filipino) written by Bautista had the intention to encourage Filipinos to fight against
the Spaniards. Aguinaldo formally declared Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite on June 12, 1898. It was
symbolically accompanied by playing of the Philippine National Anthem composed by Julian Felipe with lyrics by
Jose Palma from his poem Filipinas. At the same time, Ambrosio Bautista read the act of Declaration of
Philippine Independence in Spanish. He United States of America, however, never recognized this declaration.

The Act de la Proclamacion de la Independencia del Pueblo Filipino was among the documents lost
during the height of the pilferage of his historical documents in the 1900’s. The centennial anniversary of the
Philippine Independence heightened the demand for such documents in the black market. The document was
finaly returned to the National Library in 1994 after a professor from the University of the Philippines, Milagros
Guerrero, negotiated for its return. (Rufo, A. 2008)
 Activities
Assessing the importance of Primary Sources in Understanding the Grand Narrative of Philippine History
Instruction: Give three reasons why the Acta de la Proclamacion de la Independencia del Pueblo Filipino is
important to the grand narrative Philippine History

1. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Supplemental Content
Click the URL and Watch the Movie El Presidente

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9jUe4qc8w0

RUBRICS
Your essay will be graded based on the following; Focus and details, organization, voice, word choice,
and reasoning and use of evidences. Consequently, use this rubric as a guide when writing your essay
and check it again before you submit your essay.

Traits 4 3 2 1 Total
Focus and There is one clear, well There is one clear, well There is one topic. The topic and main
focused topic. Main ideas are focused topic. Main ideas Main ideas are ideas are not clear. 4
Details clear and are well supported are clear but are Somewhat clear.
by detailed and accurate not well supported by
information detailed information.
Organization The introduction is inviting, The introduction states the The introduction states the There is no clear
states the main topic, and main topic and provides an main topic. A introduction, 4
provides an overview of the overview of the paper. A conclusion is included. structure, or
paper. Information is relevant conclusion is included. conclusion.
and presented in a logical
order. The conclusion is
strong.
Voice The author’s purpose The author’s purpose of The author’s purpose of The author’s
of writing is very clear, writing is somewhat clear, writing is somewhat purpose of
and there is strong and there is some clear, and there is evidence of writing is unclear.
evidence of attention evidence of attention to attention 4
to audience. The audience. The to audience. The author’s
author’s extensive author’s knowledge knowledge
knowledge and/or and/or experience with the and/or experience with
experience with the topic is/are evident. the topic is/are limited.
topic is/are evident.
Word The author uses vivid The author uses vivid The author uses words The writer uses a
words and phrases. The words and phrases. The that communicate limited vocabulary.
Choice choice and placement of choice and placement of clearly, but the writing lacks Jargon or clichés
words seems accurate, words is inaccurate variety. may be present 4
natural, and not forced. at times and/or seems and detract
overdone. from the meaning.
Reasoning Supplies and cite evidence to Supplies evidence to Identifies relevant evidence to Cites some
support and to develop each support each claim support each claim references to 4
and Use of claim claims and
documents
Evidences
Reviewers 20

Comment
Rubrics for Sketch

Proportion 5
( all elements in the composition are correctly
proportioned and work together within the frame to
communicate unity and a visual equilibrium)
Variation 5
( in the line weight ( heavy, light, thin, dark, etc.) and
appropriately used and well controlled in all areas of
the sketch ., all marks are intentional and demonstrate
an understanding of line theory
Shading 5
( Shading demonstrate the appropriate use of full range
of technique ( blending, contour lines) and is
thoughtfully applied to enhanced the shapes and
forms
Composition 5
( The appropriate use of tone, line , weight, and
positioning of the elements create n overall sense of
balance within a strong composition and sustains the
viewers interest. The artist has clearly considered how
all the elements and techniques works together to
create a cohesive whole.
Total
20

References

Asuncion, Nestor M. 2019. Readings in the Philippine History . Quezon City: C and E

https://kahimyang.com/kauswagan/articles/799/today-in-philippie-history-december-7-1830-ambrosio-rianzares-
bautista-lawyer-and-gen-emilio-aguinaldo-s-confidante-was-born-in-bi-an-laguna

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9jUe4qc8w0

D. A Glance at Selected Philippine Political Caricature in Alfreds McCoy’s Philippine

Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era (1900-1941)

Intended Learning Outcome

At the end of this lesson, the students are expected to
A. analyze the context, content and perspectives of different kinds of primary sources,
B. determine the contribution of different kinds of primary sources in understanding Philippine history and
C. develop critical and analytical skills with exposure to primary sources
by;
a. Drawing out the main idea of the political cartoons created by Alfred McCoy in Political Caricature of
American Era
b. Illustrating how these political cartoons contributed to the deeper understanding to certain events
in
Philippine History
c. Identifying the perspective of the account/ primary source
 d. Providing own insight about the political cartoon

I. To do List

Instructions: Below is one of the many political cartoons by Alfred Mccoy in his work Political Caricature of American
Era. Write your personal interpretation of the political cartoon.

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

II. Lecture
Cartoons are a form of expression. Cartoon conveys a lot of information in very few words. Cartoons add
special value to newspapers. That is why, despite advances in photography and animation technologies,
cartoons still command their own place in newspapers. It is a visual medium that engages the audience, helps them
understand and interpret the political, social Cartoons that can help them understand the mood of the country benefit
people. Political cartooning is inspired by the situations around the cartoonist, what he sees and believes are portrayed
through the sketch he creates.

In his book Philippine Cartoons: Political Caricature of the American Era (1900-1941), Alfred McCoy , together
with Alfredo Roces compiled political cartoons published in newspaper dailies and periodicals in the aforementioned
time period. For his part, we are going to look at selected cartoons and explain the contend of each one.
Task

1. What message or idea do you think the

political cartoon is conveying?

2. What are your thoughts about the political

cartoon showed above? Explain what you
personally felt upon seeing the political
cartoon.
3. Explain the context of the political cartoon
shown above based on the text material
(Alfred McCoy’s Political Caricature of
American Era).

III. Activities
Create a political cartoon inspired from the work of Alfred McCoy’s Political Caricature of American Era. Make sure the
political cartoon address or conveys a certain issue present in the Philippines. Provide a short explanation about the
political cartoon created at the back of the front page.

IV Supplemental Content
Read more about Alfred McCoy by clicking the site below

https://history.wisc.edu/people/mccoy-alfred-w/
RUBRICS. Directions: Use the criteria below in Creating a Political Cartoon that conveys certain issue present in the
Philippines.

Criteria Excellent (4) Good (3) Satisfactory (2) Needs Improvement (1) Total
score
Message/ Key issue and Key issue and Key issue is Key issue and
Main Idea cartoonist’s cartoonist’s identifiable; cartoonist’s position are
position are position are cartoonist’s unclear.
clearly identifiable. position may be 10
identifiable. unclear.

Content Cartoon clearly Cartoon conveys Cartoon conveys a Cartoon conveys little or
conveys an understanding limited no understanding of the
understanding of of the issue; understanding of issue; does not use
the issue; uses the issue; symbolism; title is 10
excellent use of appropriate attempts to use missing.
appropriate symbolism; title symbolism; title is
symbolism; title is is clear and unclear or
clear, clever, and relevant to irrelevant to topic.
relevant to topic. topic.

Visual Cartoon is neat Cartoon is neat Cartoon is Cartoon is messy; color

Presentation and clean; color and clean; color somewhat neat; and graphics are lacking; 30
and and creative and creative and some color and captions are omitted or
Creativity graphics are used creative creative graphics unreadable.
exceptionally well; graphics are are used; captions
captions are used; captions are included.
readable. are readable.

Remarks 50

References
Candelaria, John Lee P.2018 Readings in the Philippine. History. Manila: REX Book Store

https://history.wisc.edu/people/mccoy-alfred-w/

E . Corazon C. Aquino’s Speech Before the United States Congress on September 18, 1986

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
A. identify the highlights, salient points and the accomplishments of Filipinos as a nation based on the speech
B. evaluate the relevance of the speech to the present time and
C. show appreciation on the importance of the speech to the grand narrative Philippine History

I. To do List
1. Based on the historical accounts of the EDSA Revolution, write an essay of 50-100 words about how Corazon
Aquino became a president.
 II. Lecture
Background of the Author

Maria Corazon Aquino was born January 25, 1933, in Tarlac, Philippines. Her husband had been an opponent of
Ferdinand Marcos and was assassinated upon returning from exile. When Marcos unexpectedly called for elections in
1986, Corazon Aquino became the unified opposition's presidential candidate. She took office after Marcos fled the
country, and served as president, with mixed results, until 1992.

Historical Background of the Document

When former President Corazon Aquino spoke before a joint session of the United States Congress in September
of 1986, the dust was only beginning to settle. It was her first visit to America since the dictator Ferdinand Marcos had
been deposed in February of the same year, and the Philippines was reckoning with everything his administration had
inflicted. That included $26 billion in total foreign debt, and a communist insurgency that grew, throughout the Marcos
era, from 500 armed guerillas to 16,000. We were just at the start of a long road to recovery.

So Aquino lodged an appeal for help. Addressing the House, she delivered a historic speech that managed to
sway in our favor the vote for an emergency $200-million aid appropriation. In the moving speech penned by her
speechwriter (and our current ambassador to the United Nations) Teddy Locsin, Jr., Aquino defended her reconciliatory
stand on the communist insurgency—a sensitive issue in the U.S., given that this was 1986—and asked for financial aid
towards rebuilding the Philippine economy.

"We fought for honor, and, if only for honor, we shall pay," she said, agreeing to pay the debt that was stolen by
Marcos. "And yet, should we have to wring the payments from the sweat of our men’s faces and sink all the wealth piled
up by the bondsman’s two hundred fifty years of unrequited toil?"

The speech was impassioned, deeply personal, and effective; interrupted 11 times by applause and bookended
with standing ovations. House Speaker Tip O'Neill called it the "finest speech I've ever heard in my 34 years in Congress."
Senate Majority Leader Robert Dole told her, "Cory, you hit a home run." And House Minority Whip Trent Lott said,
"Let's just say the emotion of the moment saved the day." It would go down in the annals of our history as one of the
former President's finest speeches.

https://www.esquiremag.ph/politics/news/revisit-cory-aquino-s-historic-1986-speech-before-the-us-congress-
a00207-20180125
 III. To Do List
1. Instructions: Read the Speech by clicking the URL below, afterwards Identify five points highlighting by President
Corazon Aquino in her Speech before the U.S. Congress on September 18, 1986. Explain their significance.

https://awpc.cattcenter.iastate.edu/2017/03/21/speech-before-the-joint-session-of-the-united-states-congress-
sept-18-1986/

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

2. Instructions: Interview at least (2) two individuals who can be considered as primary sources on the positive
contribution of Pres. Corazon C. Aquino to the Philippines or the positive things that happened during her
presidency. Provide the given testimonials and the names of the account witnesses.

a.

b.

3. Instructions: Interview at least (2) two individuals who can be considered as primary sources on the negative
actions of Pres. Corazon C. Aquino to the Philippines or the negative things that took place during her
presidency. Provide the given testimonials and the names of the account witnesses.

a.

b.

4. Between the two sides, which do you think is more reliable? Why?

5. Write a Speech addressed to Corazon Aquino and Benigno Aquino, Jr. It can be a commendation or criticism of
their political contributions to the Philippines. You may also use the speech to raise questions you would like to
ask them.
 IV Supplemental Content

Read an Essay about democracy by Clicking the URL below.

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/oct/22/i-thought-democracy-had-failed-filipinos-but-it-is-
we-who-have-failed-it

RUBRICS
Your essay will be graded based on the following; Focus and details, organization, voice, word choice, and reasoning and use of
evidences. Consequently, use this rubric as a guide when writing your essay and check it again before you submit your essay.

Traits 4 3 2 1 Total
Focus and There is one clear, well There is one clear, well There is one topic. The topic and
Details focused topic. Main ideas focused topic. Main Main ideas are main ideas are 4
are clear and are well ideas are clear but are Somewhat clear. not clear.
supported by detailed and not well supported by
accurate information detailed information.
Organization The introduction is The introduction states The introduction states the There is no clear
inviting, states the main the main topic and main topic. A introduction, 4
topic, and provides an provides an overview of conclusion is included. structure, or
overview of the paper. the paper. A conclusion conclusion.
Information is relevant is included.
and presented in a logical
order. The conclusion is
strong.
Voice The author’s purpose The author’s purpose of The author’s purpose of The author’s
of writing is very clear, writing is somewhat writing is somewhat purpose of
and there is strong clear, and there is some clear, and there is writing is
evidence of attention evidence of attention to evidence of attention unclear. 4
to audience. The audience. The to audience. The author’s
author’s extensive author’s knowledge knowledge
knowledge and/or and/or experience with and/or experience with
experience with the the topic is/are evident. the topic is/are limited.
topic is/are evident.
Word Choice The author uses vivid The author uses vivid The author uses words The writer uses a
words and phrases. The words and phrases. The that communicate limited
choice and placement of choice and placement of clearly, but the writing vocabulary.
words seems accurate, words is inaccurate lacks variety. Jargon or clichés 4
natural, and not forced. at times and/or seems may be present
overdone. and detract
from the
meaning.
Reasoning and Supplies and cite evidence Supplies evidence to Identifies relevant Cites some
Use of Evidences to support and to develop support each claim evidence to support each references to 4
each claim claim claims and
documents
Reviewers 20
Comment
 References
Asuncion, Nestor M. 2019. Readings in the Philippine History . Quezon City: C and E

https://www.esquiremag.ph/politics/news/revisit-cory-aquino-s-historic-1986-speech-before-the-us-congress-a00207-
20180125

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/oct/22/i-thought-democracy-had-failed-filipinos-but-it-is-we-who-
have-failed-it

Module 3

One Past but Many Histories Controversies and Conflicting Views in Philippine History
A. Site of the First Mass
B Cavite Mutiny
C Retraction of Rizal
D. Cry of Balintawak or Pugadlawin

In this section, we will analyze four historical historiographical problems in Philippine History in an attempt to
apply what we have learned thus further far in the work of a historian and the process of historical inquiry. Two key
concepts are to be defined in the historical analysis of problems in history which are interpretation and
multiperspectivity.

Intended Learning Outcomes

At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
A. formulate arguments in favor or against a particular issue using primary sources;
B. communicate insights effectively for better understanding of issues and concerns;
C. show appreciation on the Historical events using primary sources.

1. TO DO LIST

1. Who should be the National Hero- Dr. Jose Rizal or Andres Bonifacio? Why?

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________
 2. Using a diagram, chart, or tables, describe Dr. Jose Rizal, Gat Andres Bonifacio, and Gen. Emilio
Aguinaldo in terms of the following:

a. character

b. personality

c. family background

d. contribution to Philippine nationalism

3. What does it take to be an ideal leader?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

II. LECTURES (Concepts)

Read and analyze the historical historiographical problems in Philippine History

2. Click the URL below. Butuan or Limasawa: The Site of the First Mass in the Philippines: A Reexamination of
the Evidence
https://journals.ateneo.edu/ojs/index.php/budhi/article/view/582/579

3. Cavite Mutiny
On 17 February 1872, numerous Filipinos witnessed
When Rafael de Izquierdo the execution of the three priests. Padre Gomes was
replaced dela Torre as governor general, the executed first, followed by Padre Zamora, then Padre
Filipinos again experienced difficult times Burgos. ( Dery 200)
with the execution of several laws. This
include the termination of tax exemption of ( page 161 The Reformist Movement Restrained .. Castro,
Filipino workers in Cavite. This brought Rosita. 2006. Social Studies in Perspective: History of the
about unrest and an uprising on 20, January Philippines. Quezon City: C and E) Maam kilaya se pone ali u
1872, headed by Sergent LA Madrid, a ya saka este ?
Filipino. ThEy Killed the officials of the
Spanish Regimen and took hold of the
arsenal in Cavite.

Rumors flew fast and

magnified the Cavite uprising, prompting
Izquierdo to insinuate tht it was the start of a
revolution aimed at bringing down the
Spanish government and installing an
independent state. However, this was not
true-what transpired in Cavite was not an
uprising, but a protest of soldiers and
laborers . Izquierdo incriminated in the
incident those were active in Secularization
Movement led by the three priests Gomes,
Burgos and Zamora ( Boncan 1995)
They were tried and
sentenced to death; despite the lack of
strong evidence. What happened was a mock
trial, the government bribing Francisco
Zaldua, an ex-soldier from Bicol, to testify
against three clergymen. Moreover,
GOMBURZA’s lawyer neither defends nor
fought for them.
 4. Retraction of Rizal

Palma’s Comparative Analysis of the “Original”

vis-à-vis Fr. Balaguer’s Texts and Manila Newspaper
Texts of the Alleged Retraction Letter of Jose Rizal

MAY 18, 1935 - The lost “original” document of Rizal’s

retraction was discovered by the archdiocesan archivist Fr.
Manuel Garcia. The discovery, instead of ending doubts
about Rizal’s retraction, in fact allowed more reasons to
doubt because of the significant differences between the
alleged “original” and the text of Fr. Balaguer.

A. Fr. Balaguers Text, January 1897

Me declare catolica y en esta Religion en que naci y me

eduque quiro vivir y morir. Me retracto de todo Corazon de
cuanto en mis palabras, escritos, inpresos y conducta ha
habido contrario a mi calidad de hijo de la Iglesia. Creo y
profeso cuanto ella enseña y me somento a cuanto Ella
manda. Abomino de la Mansonaria, como enigma que es de
la Iglesia, y como Sociedad por la misma Iglesia.
Puede el Prelado Diocesano Autoridad superior eclesiastica
hacer publica esta manifestacion espontanea mia, para
reparar el escandalo que mis actos hayan podido causar, y
para que Dios y los hombres me perdonen.

Manila, 29 de Diciembre de 1896

(Rafael Palma, The Pride of the Malay Race: A Biography of
Jose Rizal.)

MAY 18, 1935 - The lost “original” document of Rizal’s

retraction was discovered by the archdiocesan archivist Fr.
Manuel Garcia. The discovery, instead of ending doubts about
Rizal’s retraction, in fact allowed more reasons to doubt
because of the significant differences between the alleged
“original” and the text of Fr. Balaguer.

English Translation

I declare myself a Catholic and in this religion in which I was

born educated I wish to live and die.

I retract with all my heart whatever in my words, writings,

publications and conduct has been contrary to my character as
son of the Catholic Church. I believe and I confess whatever she
teaches and I submit to whatever she demands. I abominate
Masonry, as the enemy which is of the church, and as a society
prohibited by the church. The Diocesan Prelate may, as the
Superior Ecclesiastical Authority, make public this spontaneous
manifestation of mine in order to repair the scandal which my
acts may have caused and so that God and people may pardon
me.

Manila 29 of December of 1896

Jose Rizal

https://prezi.com/q6nstohid9-2/the-retraction-controversy/
 Click the URL below for Jose Rizal’s Retraction Controversy

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=ixcoCv2o2NoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=excert+retraction+of+rizal&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi7wN-
5uPzqAhUKL6YKHc65DskQ6AEwBnoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/lifestyle/artandculture/594027/retraction-ni-jose-rizal-mga-bagong-
dokumento-at-pananaw/story/

5. Cry in Balintawak / PugadLawin

The Cry of Pugad Lawin, also known as Sigaw ng Pugad Lawin, alternately and originally referred to as the Cry
of Balintawak, was the beginning of the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule.

At the close of August 1896, members of the Katipunan secret society (Katipuneros) led by Andrés Bonifacio
rose up in revolt somewhere in an area referred to as Kalookan, wider than the jurisdiction of the present-day
Caloocan City and overlapping into the present-day Quezon City.

Originally the term "Cry" referred to the

first skirmish between the Katipuneros
and the Civil Guards (Guardia Civil). Other
definitions of the term have been made
over the years, but today it is popularly
understood to refer to the tearing of
community tax certificates (cédulas
personales) by the rebels to mark their
separation from Spain. This was literally
accompanied by patriotic shouts. Because
of differing accounts and the ambiguity of
place names in these accounts, the exact
date and place of the Cry is disputed.
From 1908 until 1963, the official stance
was that the Cry occurred on August 26 in
Balintawak. In 1963 the Philippine
government declared a shift to August 23
in Pugad Lawin, Quezon City.

Ref. : Candelaria, John Lee P.2018 Readings in the Philippine. History. Manila: REX Book Store
 III. ACTIVITIES:
1. Instructions: After reading and analyzing the four historical historiographical problems in Philippine History. Give
two (2) examples of a credible primary source and 2 examples of a non-credible primary source. Explain and
illustrate why your examples are considered credible and authentic.

Credible Not Credible

Example 1: Example 1:

Reference: Reference:

Explanation: Explanation:

Example 2: Example 2:

Reference: Reference:

Interpretation: Interpretation:

2. Debate on Historical Controversies. Work in groups of at least 7 members each. (VIRTUAL GROUPING).
Instructions: In 300-500 words, write your individual position paper on the topic assigned to your group for the
debate, highlighting the significant findings through analyzing primary and secondary sources. You may opt to
agree or disagree with the assigned stand of your group. (Via zoom or Google class) Each leader of the group will
collect and submit the group’s individual position paper as instructed.

IV.SUPPLEMENTAL CONTENT
Click the URL below for further information.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uh7oowrwvJQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDhwDalaYV4

RUBRICS
Your essay will be graded based on the following; Focus and details, organization, voice, word choice,
and reasoning and use of evidences. Consequently, use this rubric as a guide when writing your essay and check it again before you
submit your essay.

Traits 4 3 2 1 Total
Focus and There is one clear, well There is one clear, well There is one topic. The topic and
Details focused topic. Main ideas focused topic. Main Main ideas are main ideas are 4
are clear and are well ideas are clear but are Somewhat clear. not clear.
supported by detailed and not well supported by
accurate information detailed information.
Organization The introduction is The introduction states The introduction states the There is no clear
inviting, states the main the main topic and main topic. A introduction, 4
topic, and provides an provides an overview of conclusion is included. structure, or
overview of the paper. the paper. A conclusion conclusion.
Information is relevant is included.
and presented in a logical
order. The conclusion is
strong.
 Voice The author’s purpose The author’s purpose of The author’s purpose of The author’s
of writing is very clear, writing is somewhat writing is somewhat purpose of
and there is strong clear, and there is some clear, and there is writing is
evidence of attention evidence of attention to evidence of attention unclear. 4
to audience. The audience. The to audience. The author’s
author’s extensive author’s knowledge knowledge
knowledge and/or and/or experience with and/or experience with
experience with the the topic is/are evident. the topic is/are limited.
topic is/are evident.
Word Choice The author uses vivid The author uses vivid The author uses words The writer uses a
words and phrases. The words and phrases. The that communicate limited
choice and placement of choice and placement of clearly, but the writing vocabulary.
words seems accurate, words is inaccurate lacks variety. Jargon or clichés 4
natural, and not forced. at times and/or seems may be present
overdone. and detract
from the
meaning.
Reasoning and Supplies and cite evidence Supplies evidence to Identifies relevant Cites some
Use of Evidences to support and to develop support each claim evidence to support each references to 4
each claim claim claims and
documents
Reviewers 20
Comment

Rubrics

V. References

Candelaria, John Lee P.2018 Readings in the Philippine. History. Manila: REX Book Store

Castro, Rosita. 2006. Social Studies in Perspective: History of the Philippines. Quezon City: C and E
https://journals.ateneo.edu/ojs/index.php/budhi/article/view/582/579

https://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=ixcoCv2o2NoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=excert+retraction+of+rizal&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi7wN-
5uPzqAhUKL6YKHc65DskQ6AEwBnoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q&f=false

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uh7oowrwvJQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jDhwDalaYV4

NOTE: Retrieval of activity/tasks sheets and assignments will be collected as to be notified by your respective
Professor/Instructor. MIDTERM EXAMS WILL BE NOTIFIED LATER as scheduled.

J.V Torres, (2018) of Batis, Sources in Philippine History

NOTE: MIDTERM coverage are taken from topics in MODULES 1,2 &3